Software Defined Radio (SDR) is a relatively new approach to develop wireless communication systems. SDR presents a framework for developing flexible, reconfigurable devices intended to alleviate some of the issues arising from the evolution of wireless technology. The Software Communications Architecture (SCA), developed by the Joint Tactical Radio System program of the US Department of Defense, is an open architecture for implementing SDR, relying on commercial technology, standard interfaces, and well-known design patterns. Although the SCA is intended to provide easier, faster development of flexible applications that are upgradeable and maintainable, the acceptance of the architecture has been limited in part by traditional radio engineers' lack of understanding modern software engineering techniques. Because of the steep learning curve, some developers face frustration and serious delays when first introduced to the SCA. This work presents a comprehensive tutorial which introduces radio engineers to the SCA and the techniques used in it. Another concern for accepting the SCA are the performance, size, cost, and power consuption difficulties faced in early implementations of the architecture. Traditionally, SCA implementations have been developed for platforms based on General Purpose Processors. This approach, while believed to be the easiest to implement, does not make the best out of available processor technology. In order to provide a more efficient implementation of radios based on the SCA, we present the design and development of an SCA Core Framework version 2.2 for a homogeneous TI C64 DSP platform. This framework is implemented by leveraging the existing implementation of the Open-Source SCA Implementation::Embedded (OSSIE) by porting it to the C64 platform. Two sample waveforms are developed and deployed to demonstrate the functionality of the framework. Preliminary performance and memory footprint profiling results are provided. / Master of Science

Syfte: Denna studie syftar till att öka förståelsen för hur ett nytt företag kan påbörja sin marknadsföring i sociala medier samt bidra till innovationsspridning. Sociala medier är något som på senare tid har växt kraftigt och potentialen för företags marknadsföring är stora. Metod: Vår studie utgår från en abduktiv kvalitativ metod. Empiriska data har samlats in genom ostrukturerade intervjuer som sedan har analyserats. Resultat och slutsats: Hotellindustrin i Gävle upplever idag en hård konkurrens. Flera hotell konkurrerar om samma antal kunder som tidigare. Detta ställer stora krav på att hotellen skapar en unik upplevelse som får kunder att återkomma. Genom att Elite Grand Hotel är nystartat i Gävle är det svårt i dagsläget att se ett konkret resultat av deras ansträngningar att differentiera sig. Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Då Elite Grand Hotel är nystartat finns det stora möjligheter till fortsatt forskning. Vi anser att en undersökning av genomslagskraften i olika sociala medier beroende på segment kan vara värt att vidare studera. Detta för att se hur en optimering marknadsföringen för den valda målgruppen skulle kunna gå till.   Vidare anser vi att en studie av företags relationsbyggande genom sin marknadsföring är intressant. Detta eftersom vår studie visar att relationer har stor betydelse inom upplevelsindustrin, samt att relationer har en stor inverkan på hur vi som individer reagerar på positiv och negativ information gällande företag vi är lojala mot. Studiens bidrag: Ge företag en möjlighet att upptäcka nya kanaler att marknadsföra sig i samt motivera företag som känner en osäkerhet mot sociala medier samt en innovationsspridning om koncepten. / Aim: This paper aims to increase the understanding of how a new company can initiate their marketing in social media and to spread the innovation. Social media is something that lately has grown rapidly and the potential for marketing is great. Method: The paper uses an abductive qualitative method. Empirical data were collected through unstructured interviews, which were then analyzed. The theory is divided according to the marketing mix with the seven p´s and classical marketing theories. Result and Conclusions: The hotel-industry in Gävle is currently experiencing though competition. Several hotels are competing for the same customers. This demands that the hotels create a unique experience that makes the customer return. Because Elite Grand Hotel just recently opened in Gävle makes it difficult to see a concrete result of their efforts in differentiating themself. Suggestions for future research: Because Elite Grand Hotel is newly established, there are great opportunities for further research. We believe that an examination of the impact of various social media depending on the segment may be worth further study. This is to see how an optimization for the selected target group could work. Furthermore, we believe that a study of corporate relationship building through its marketing is interesting. This is because our study shows that relationships are important in experience economy, and that relationships have a big impact on how we as individuals react to positive and negative information regarding the company we are loyal to. Contribution of the thesis: Give businesses an opportunity to discover new marketing channels and motivate business that feel uncertain about social media and spreading the innovation around the concepts.

The Swedish forestry industry has since the beginning of the mechanization in the 1950´s had a technology development that streamlined the industry and reduced costs. The role of lumberjacks has changed a lot since hand tools were replaced by high-tech forestry machines. Previous studies indicate that the profession suffers from a poor working environment and poor organizational governance, in terms of lack work management, working hours and high demands and stress levels. This has led forest machine operators choosing to quit their jobs. The purpose of the study was to identify key factors that motivate forest machine operators and how their attitude is to monetary rewards. The survey was carried out as a survey study at the forest industry company SCA, where a questionnaire on motivation factors was sent to all forest machine operators. Swedish Cellulose is one of Sweden´s largest forest companies and Europe´s largest private forest owner. 48 machine operators responded to the questionnaire, the number of respondents to the whole brand was small, but a total survey for SCA. For a more generalizable result at brand level, more respondents had been desirable. Most of all work task and colleagues motivates the forest machine operators. Their motivation is disturbed by the lack of career opportunities and the lack of opportunities to influence decisions. The forest machine operators would get more motivation through more varied tasks and they think the most important thing about their work is to develop and become more professionally skilled. Performance-based monetary rewards motivate forest machine operators. Additional pay motivates them more than other forms of rewards, and they positively endorse the performance-based payroll system that exists at SCA today. Suggestions to needed measures to make forest machine operators motivated are more feedback from the leadership as well as involving the machine operators in decisions that are made. Communication between the leadership and machine operators needs to be improved to increase job satisfaction and maintain the motivation of employees. In order to increase their motivation, their work and duties need to vary more than they do today. What the responds consider would increase the variation in their work is unclear, and needs to be explored more closely. / Skogsbruket i Sverige har sedan mekaniseringens början under 1950- talet haft en teknikutveckling som effektiviserat branschen och sänkt kostnaderna. Rollen som skogsarbetare har gått från yxa och såg till att idag som skogsmaskinförare manövrera högteknologiska skogsmaskiner. Tidigare studier pekar på att yrket lider av bristfällig arbetsmiljö och dålig organisatorisk styrning, i form av bristande arbetsledning, långa arbetstider samt höga krav och stressnivåer. Detta har lett till att skogsmaskinförare valt att sluta. Syftet med studien var att identifiera nyckelfaktorer som motiverar skogsmaskinförare och hur deras inställning är till monetära belöningar. Undersökningen gjordes som en surveyundersökning hos skogsindustriföretaget Svenska Cellulosa AB där en enkät med frågor om motivationsfaktorer skickades ut till alla anställda skogsmaskinförare. SCA är ett av Sveriges största skogsbolag och Europas största privata skogsägare. 48 maskinförare besvarade enkäten, antal respondenter sett till hela branschen var litet, men ändå en totalundersökning för SCA. För ett mer generaliserbart resultat på branschnivå hade fler respondenter varit önskvärt. Det som motiverar skogsmaskinförarna mest är arbetsuppgifter och kollegorna. Deras motivation störs av bristen på karriärsmöjligheter och bristen på möjligheter att kunna påverka beslut. Skogsmaskinförarna skulle få ökad motivation genom mer varierande arbetsuppgifter och de anser att det viktigaste på arbetet för dem är att utvecklas och bli yrkesmässigt skickligare. Prestationsbaserade monetära belöningar motiverar skogsmaskinförarna. Pengar motiverar dem mer än andra former av belöningar och de ställer sig positiva till det prestationsbaserade lönepremiesystem som finns idag hos SCA. De åtgärder som behöver vidtas för att skogsmaskinförare ska vara motiverade är mer återkoppling eller feedback från arbetsledningen samt involvera maskinförarna mer i beslut som fattas. Kommunikationen mellan arbetsledning och maskinförare behöver förbättras för att öka arbetsglädjen och behålla motivationen hos de anställda. För att öka deras motivation behöver arbetet och arbetsuppgifterna variera mer än de gör idag. Vad respondenterna anser skulle öka variationen i deras arbete är oklart, och behöver undersökas närmare.

<p>For a long time radio devices have been constructed in hardware with a fixed functionality. This way of constructing radio devices is starting to change with the concept of Software Defined Radio (SDR) evolving. The SDR concept leads to more flexible and long lasting radio devices. In order to make the radio software more standardized and portable, the U.S. military has defined the Software Communication Architecture (SCA). Internal communication within the SCA is done by CORBA, which limit waveforms to be only distributed over CORBA-capable hardware. The U.S. military has defined the Modem Hardware Abstraction Layer(MHAL) to enable distribution over devices not supporting CORBA. This thesis presents an implementation of MHAL and an underlying transport mechanism based on Ethernet. The implementation is done for the OSSIE package. The implementation is evaluated both in terms of real-time and throughput performance. The results show that MHAL achieves good performance, in comparison to CORBA, and can greatly be used to distribute waveforms over both CORBA and non-CORBA capable devices.</p>

<p>Software Defined Radio (SDR) is a conception of implementing radio functions in computer software, instead of having electronics performing the functions. This thesis aims to compare two different ways of implementing these functions, or waveforms.</p><p>The Software Communications Architecture (SCA) is an open standard developed by the United States Department of Defense. It uses a CORBA interface environment to make waveform applications interoperable and platform independent. This method of developing SDR is compared to an open-source initiative going by the name GNU Radio.</p><p>Two waveform applications are developed, one transmitter using SCA, and one receiver using GNU Radio. The analog radio interface is simulated using the sound cards of two regular PCs. The development is done using the C++ and Python programming languages.</p><p>This thesis examines pros and cons of the two SDR methods, as well as performing studies of Software Defined Radio in general.</p>

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For a long time radio devices have been constructed in hardware with a fixed functionality. This way of constructing radio devices is starting to change with the concept of Software Defined Radio (SDR) evolving. The SDR concept leads to more flexible and long lasting radio devices. In order to make the radio software more standardized and portable, the U.S. military has defined the Software Communication Architecture (SCA). Internal communication within the SCA is done by CORBA, which limit waveforms to be only distributed over CORBA-capable hardware. The U.S. military has defined the Modem Hardware Abstraction Layer(MHAL) to enable distribution over devices not supporting CORBA. This thesis presents an implementation of MHAL and an underlying transport mechanism based on Ethernet. The implementation is done for the OSSIE package. The implementation is evaluated both in terms of real-time and throughput performance. The results show that MHAL achieves good performance, in comparison to CORBA, and can greatly be used to distribute waveforms over both CORBA and non-CORBA capable devices.

Software Defined Radio (SDR) is a conception of implementing radio functions in computer software, instead of having electronics performing the functions. This thesis aims to compare two different ways of implementing these functions, or waveforms. The Software Communications Architecture (SCA) is an open standard developed by the United States Department of Defense. It uses a CORBA interface environment to make waveform applications interoperable and platform independent. This method of developing SDR is compared to an open-source initiative going by the name GNU Radio. Two waveform applications are developed, one transmitter using SCA, and one receiver using GNU Radio. The analog radio interface is simulated using the sound cards of two regular PCs. The development is done using the C++ and Python programming languages. This thesis examines pros and cons of the two SDR methods, as well as performing studies of Software Defined Radio in general.

Background: The term Open Innovation describes a phenomenon where organizations are no longer solely relying on internal R&amp;D to innovate technologies that they then would bring to market. Instead, firms are looking outside for ideas or working with other organizations to develop technologies in order to capitalize on efficiencies of existing knowledge, reduce investment risks and increase speed to market. We identified a need to analyze the existing open innovation adoption frameworks in order to track similarities and differences so that we could create a new framework which is more comprehensive. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to create a framework for the analysis of the open innovation adoption process which is based on organizational change and other relevant streams of research. In order to do this we were to find answers to the following research questions: 1) How can organizational change theory be used to analyze the movement from a closed to open innovation strategy? 2) In addition to organizational change theory, which research streams should be considered when analyzing the open innovation adoption process? 3) To what extent does our new framework provide an adequate foundation for analyzing the open innovation adoption process at SCA Hygiene Products? Results: Our new framework is meant for the analysis of open innovation adoption process. The framework helps researchers to analyze how different organizations have adopted open innovation based on the four research streams that we have analyzed. Our framework includes aspects of organizational change theory, knowledge management, networks and managerial roles. Key Words: open innovation adoption, organizational change, knowledge management, networks, SCA