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Skandinavijos krypties aktualumas vežant krovinius iš Lietuvos per 2008-2010 m.m. itin sparčiai augo - kasmet vidutiniškai fiksuojamas 15 % еksporto srauto didėjimas. Rinkos pataruklumą įrodo jos aukšti ekonominiai rodikliai: bendrai Švedijos, Norvegijos ir Danijos - dvigubai aukštesni nei Lietuvos bei Baltijos šalių bei trečdaliu - nei Vakarų Europos. Infliacija siekia vos 2 %, nedarbo lygis svyruoja 4-6%, BVP augimas 3.4 %, pagal pasaulinį ekonomikos vertinimą minėtos trys Skandinavijos šalys patenka į penkioliktuką. Nepaisant to, šios rinkos įsisavinimo barjerai vis dar jaučiami tiek Lietuvos kelių transporto operatorių, tiek skandinavijos verslininkų. Šio magistro baigiamojo darbo tema - Skandinavijos krypties patrauklumo Lietuvos vežėjams kelių transportu tyrimas. Analizuojama problema - barjerai, trukdantys įėjimą į Skandinavijos rinką. Pirmoje darbo dalyje analizuojami Baileyss (2007), Robbins (2003), Coyle (1992), Eksportuojančiosios Lietuvos bei kitų autorių straipsniai ir apžvalgos, kurios kreipia i pagrindinius įėjimo į šią rinką barjerus: nepakankama informacija apie Lietuvos vežėjus, jų nežinomumas,rinkoje, tiesioginio kontakto prioritetas (parodų, susitikimų pas potencialius klientus metu), aukšti aplinkosauginiai ("draugiški gamtai" reikalavimai). Antrojoje darbo dalyje pasirenkamas mokslinis tyrimas, anketuojant 15 ekspertų pagal numatytus kriterijus. Analizuojama lyginamosios analizės bei rangavimo metodų svarba ir aktualumas, sudaromi anketos klausimai... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The relevant of Scandinavia market for carrying goods by road transport from Lithuania past years (2008-2010) was growing progresivly. Annual growth of export to Scandinavia market was fixed 15 % on average. The attractiveness of Scandinavian market identifies its indicators: 2 % of inflation, 4-6% of unemployment, GDP growth of 3.4 %. Sweden, Norway and Denmark have double higher economy than Lithuania and one third higher than West Europe. Despite this, the entrance barriers to the market are still causing issues for Lithuanian road transport operators. The thesis of this master project is Research on Scandinavian targeted direction attractiveness to Lithuanian carriers by road transport. In the first part of this project research articles by Bayless (2007), Robbins (2003), Coyle (1992), Export of Lithuania and others are being analyzed. All the articles direct to main barriers of Scandinavia market input: insufficient information about Lithuanian carriers,not very well-known in international market, lack of direct communication (during the exhibitions, visits), high environmental requirements (environmentally-friendly). In the second part of the project science research is chosen by questionnaire 15 experts.Each of the chosen expert conform required criteria s. The analysis was based on comparative and rankings analysis', identifying the importance and relevance of each criteria's. The questionnaire was made. In the third part of the project all the analysis with data was... [to full text]

I de vesteuropeiske landene har nedgangen i forekomst av tuberkulose stagnert de senere tiårene hovedsakelig på grunn av økt tilstrømning av mennesker fra høyinsidensland for tuberkulose. Det er stilt spørsmål om tuberkulosekunnskapene blant helsepersonell er tilstrekkelige. Studier har vist betydelige variasjoner i utformingen av tuberkulosekontrollen av innvandrere. WHO har medvirket til utvikling av policydokumenter for tuberkulosekontroll i europeiske lavinsidensland. Hensikten med denne studien var tosidig: 1) å se på i hvilket omfang nasjonale og engelskspråklige legetidsskrifter hadde publisert fagartikler om tuberkulose blant innvandrere i Danmark, Norge og Sverige og beskrive artiklene som kunnskapskilder for leger og annet helsepersonell, og 2) å beskrive de tre landenes policydokumenter for tuberkulosekontroll på noen spesifikke områder. Materialet består av 27 tidsskriftsartikler publisert i 1995-2004 og 18 policydokumenter. Studien er utvidet og oppdatert på basis av en tidligere publisert undersøkelse. Tidsskriftsartiklene inneholdt mye relevant fagstoff for helsepersonell. Artiklene viste at tuberkuloseforekomst, smitteforhold og praktisk kliniske utfordringer har mange likhetstrekk i de tre landene. Antallet artikler i nasjonale tidsskrifter ble imidlertid vurdert som for lavt til å kunne utgjøre en viktig kunnskapskilde. Det bør publiseres mer om tuberkulose blant innvandrere i nasjonale tidsskrifter da disse har en viktig klinisk og helsepolitisk betydning. Policydokumentene viste forskjeller i landenes policy for ankomstscreening, forebyggende behandling, BCG-vaksinering og bruk av direkte observert terapi. Ankomstscreening for personer fra høyinsidensland for tuberkulose er frivillig i Danmark og Sverige og obligatorisk i Norge. Studien kunne ikke forklare ulikhetene i de tre nabolandenes policy. Lokal motstand mot internasjonale føringer på tuberkuloseområdet er vist ved studier fra andre land. Obligatorisk ankomstscreening er omdiskutert og reiser etiske problemstillinger når det gjelder individers integritet og slike undersøkelsers betydning for folkehelsen / In recent decades, the decline of tuberculosis has stagnated in Western Europe mainly due to increased immigration from high-prevalence countries. Policies for control of tuberculosis among immigrants in these countries are very varied. Frameworks for tuberculosis control in European countries with a low incidence of disease have been published in collaboration with the WHO. The aim of this study was twofold: 1) To find out what has been published on tuberculosis among immigrants in Denmark, Norway and Sweden in medical journals and to describe the scientific literature as a source for updated knowledge for doctors and other health professions, and 2) to describe national policy documents on specified parts of the policy. The material consists of 27 medical papers published between 1995 and 2004 and 18 policy documents. This paper is based on a previously published study and an updated literature review. The medical papers were highly relevant as scientific information for health personnel. The review of the papers showed that there were many similarities between the three countries. However, the number of papers in the national medical journals was too low to represent an important source of knowledge. More publishing in national medical journals is recommended because these have clinically and health political importance. The policy documents showed differences in the countries policy on screening on arrival, preventive therapy, BCG-vaccination and use of direct observed therapy. Screening on arrival for people from countries with a high incidence of tuberculosis is voluntary in Denmark and Sweden and mandatory in Norway. The study could not explain the differences in policy in the three neighbouring countries. Local resistance to international guidelines for tuberculosis control is described in studies from other countries. Mandatory screening of new entrants is controversial and raises ethical issues concerning individuals’ integrity and the importance of screening for public health. / <p>ISBN 91-7997-150-4</p>

In this essay I have chosen to take a closer look at gold figure foils (Swedish “guldgubbar”), find their context and analyze it. I have analyzed some earlier studies about gold figure foils that were found in Scandinavia. The focus of my study is based on the locations of the findings. Another important aspect is to discuss if the encountered gold figure foils that were folded and cut looked like that due to intentional motives or not. My conclusion is that when it comes to the locations of the findings they are mostly found in houses irrespective of if it´s in a posthole, wall or house foundation. The other conclusion is that the gold figure foils could have intentionally been manipulated before they ended up in the ground.

The public’s views on what constitute appropriate reactions to crime, have come to assume an increasingly central position in the crime policy rhetoric of western countries. In Sweden this manifests itself in recurrent referrals to the public’s sense of justice. Any clear definitions of what the public’s sense of justice is, how it is expressed and how it can be read are however absent from these referrals. In this thesis the use of referrals to the public’s sense of justice as a legitimizing ground for penal legislation is problematized from an empirical perspective. Paper I points out the substantial variation found in the public’s view on what constitutes appropriate sentences. According to Paper II society’s reactions to crime are expected to fulfill different, and often contradictory, objectives simultaneously. Paper III also points to the assumption that views on what constitutes appropriate sentences are based on deliberations where different dimensions of society’s reaction are weighed against each other. The public’s sense of justice, thus, consists of diverse, variable and complex opinions. Referrals to it as a legitimizing ground for changes in penal legislation becomes a matter of choice between whose and which opinion it is that should be emphasized. For this choice to be perceived as legitimate it should not be made without at the same time motivating it. If crime policy is to be both knowledge-based and fitted to the public’s sense of justice the public must be given the opportunity to develop an informed and well-grounded sense of justice. Especially since, compared to other political matters, crime policy and its consequences are something that only a small portion of the public comes into direct contact with. The suggestion is that the public criminal policy debate is framed so that it matches the complexity of the public’s sense of justice itself. / <p>At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 2: Accepted. Paper 3: Accepted.</p>

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniv., 2002. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Svalöv : Sveriges lantbruksuniv., 1999. / Härtill 7 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Univ., 2003. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Diss. Linköping : Univ., 2003.

Diss. (sammanfattning). Alnarp : Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, 2005. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.