A presente pesquisa vinculada ao grupo TEIAS (Tecnologia em Educação para Inclusão e Aprendizagem em Sociedade: http://www.ufrgs.br/teias/) procurou desenvolver uma tecnologia assistiva (sistema de varredura) e um estudo de caso com uma criança com Paralisia Cerebral e não oralizada, matriculada em uma escola regular do Rio Grande do Sul. A pesquisa teve como objetivo desenvolver um sistema de varredura para o SCALA (Sistema de Comunicação Alternativa para Letramento de Pessoas com Autismo: http://scala.ufrgs.br/siteScala/projetoScala/) de modo a possibilitar seu uso por pessoas com deficiência motora bem como compreender como ocorre o processo de inclusão de um aluno com Paralisia Cerebral na escola mediado por um sistema de comunicação alternativa. Participou do estudo uma criança com Paralisia Cerebral, duas professoras e seus colegas de turma (2 ciclo). A pesquisa foi desenvolvida com base na teoria sócio histórica, por entender que a estrutura humana é produto de um processo de desenvolvimento profundamente enraizado nas ligações entre a história individual e história social. A coleta foi realizada por meio de observações sistemáticas e entrevistas informais gravadas em vídeos com o complemento do diário de bordo. Assim, se desenvolveu um estudo de caso de caráter qualitativo que apresentou dois momentos de observação do sujeito, antes da introdução do sistema de Comunicação Alternativa e depois da introdução do mesmo. A pesquisa permitiu engendrar algumas pistas sobre a relação entre o uso da comunicação alternativa e o sujeito com Paralisia Cerebral no contexto da inclusão escolar. A partir dos resultados, ficou evidente que, embora a Paralisia Cerebral evidencie alguns limites motores, ao mesmo tempo, se percebe que é possível viabilizar a inclusão social, principalmente quando se imbrica o uso de novas tecnologias com a inclusão considerando que os meios de comunicação alternativa permitem dar voz às pessoas sem fala funcional quando há mediação e partilha entre uma rede de pessoas (professores, familiares, comunidade) e instituições que se disponibilizam a dar visibilidade à diversidade. / This research is linked to TEIAS project (Technology in Education Inclusion and Learning in Society: http://www.ufrgs.br/teias/). It sought to develop assistive technology (Scanning System) and a case study on the inclusion of a nonverbal child diagnosed with Cerebral Palsy enrolled in a regular school in Rio Grande do Sul. The research aimed at (1) contemplating users with motor disabilities in the use of SCALA (Alternative Communication System for Literacy of People with Autism: http://scala.ufrgs.br/siteScala/projetoScala/) by developing a scanning system as an additional means to access SCALA; and, (2) understanding the process of including a student with cerebral palsy at school whose communication is mediated by an alternative communication system. A nonverbal child with Cerebral Palsy, two teachers and her classmates (4th grade) participated in the study. The survey was developed based on historical social theory. Data were collected through systematic observations, informal interviews recorded on video and research notes. The qualitative case study comprised two phases: before and after the introduction of Alternative Communication System. The study engendered clues about the relationship between the use of alternative communication with subjects with Cerebral Palsy in the school context. Results show that although cerebral palsy imposes limits to body movements, it is possible to make social inclusion feasible for nonverbal people with Cerebral Palsy and to develop possibilities for social inclusion, especially through the use of new technologies for alternative communication which made interaction possible among a network of people (teachers, family, community) and institutions interested in giving visibility to diversity.

La microscopie multiphotonique est un outil essentiel d’investigation en biologie cellulaire et tissulaire. Son extension à l’endoscopie est l’objet d’intenses efforts de recherche pour des applications en neurosciences (imagerie cérébrale du petit animal) ou en clinique (diagnostic précoce, aide à la biopsie). Ce manuscrit porte sur le développement d’un endomicroscope multiphotonique présentant des performances inédites. Ce dispositif est alimenté par un oscillateur titane-saphir standard. Vient ensuite un module de pré-compensation des distorsions linéaires et non linéaires se produisant dans la fibre endoscopique. Ce module permet d’obtenir des impulsions compressées de 39 fs à la sortie d’une fibre microstructurée air-silice innovante à double gaine de 5 mètres de long qui est optimisée pour l’excitation multiphotonique (cœur central de 3,4 µm à maintien de polarisation) et la collection du signal produit par les cibles biologiques. A l’extrémité de la fibre, on trouve une sonde endoscopique, de 2,2 mm de diamètre pour 37 mm de long, composée d’un micro-scanner à fibre optique et d’un micro-objectif achromatique de distance de travail supérieure à 400 µm. La résolution spatiale de l’appareil vaut 0,83 µm et l’acquisition se fait en simultané sur deux canaux spectraux à 8 images/s. L’appareil a permis l’enregistrement d’images in vivo sans marquage des tubules et de la capsule rénale, respectivement par fluorescence à deux photons des flavines et par génération de second harmonique du collagène, avec 30 mW sur les tissus et jusqu’à 300 µm sous la surface de l’organe. / Multiphoton microscopy is an essential investigative tool in cell and tissue biology. Its extension to endoscopy is the subject of intensive research for applications in neuroscience (brain imaging of small animals) or clinical (early diagnosis, help for biopsy). This manuscript focuses on the development of an endomicroscope with multiphoton unprecedented performance. This device is powered by a standard titanium-sapphire oscillator. Then comes a pre-compensation module of linear and nonlinear distortions occurring in the endoscopic fiber. This module provides compressed pulses of 39 fs at the direct output of 5 meters long innovative double-clad air-silica microstructured fiber which is optimized for multiphoton excitation (polarization maintaining central core of 3.4 µm) and the collection of the signal produced by biological targets. At the end of the fiber, there is an endoscopic probe, 2.2 mm in diameter and 37 mm long, composed of a micro fiber scanning system and an achromatic micro-objective with a working distance greater than 400 µm. The spatial resolution of the device is 0.83 µm and the acquisition is done simultaneously on two spectral channels at 8 frames/s. The device has recorded in vivo images without label of the tubules and the renal capsule, respectively by two-photon excitation fluorescence of flavins and second harmonic generation of collagen, with 30 mW on the tissues and 300 µm below the surface of the organ.

This diploma thesis deals with the updating of digital technical city map. Specifically with map updating using data from mobile scanning system and a comparison with map updating performed without the use of a mobile mapping system. Aim of the thesis was to update the digital technical map of Pardubice in the range of map sheet Pardubice 8-1/21.

This thesis introduces and describes a new experimental setup for examining the effects of pulsating inflow to a ventilated enclosure. The study aimed to test the hypothesis that a pulsating inflow has potential to improve ventilation quality by reducing the stagnation zones through enhanced mixing. The experimental setup, which was a small-scale, two-dimensional (2D), water-filled room model, was successfully designed and manufactured to be able to capture two-dimensional velocity vectors of the entire field using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). Using in-house software, it was possible to conclude that for an increase in pulsation frequency or alternatively in the flow rate, the stagnation zones were reduced in size, the distribution of vortices became more homogeneous over the considered domain, and the number of vortices in all scales had increased. Considering the occupied region, the stagnation zones were moved away in a favorable direction from a mixing point of view. In addition, statistical analysis unveiled that in the far-field occupied region of the room model, stronger eddies were developed that we could expect to give rise to improved mixing. As a fundamental experimental study performed in a 2D, small-scale room model with water as operating fluid, we can logically conclude that the positive effect of enhanced mixing through increasing the flow rate could equally be accomplished through applying a pulsating inflow. In addition, this thesis introduces and describes an experimental setup for study of air flow over a wall-mounted radiator in a mockup of a real room, which has been successfully designed and manufactured. In this experimental study, the airflow over an electric radiator without forced convection, a common room-heating technique, was measured and visualized using the 2D PIV technique. Surface blackening due to particle deposition calls for monitoring in detail the local climate over a heating radiator. One mechanism causing particle deposition is turbophoresis, which occurs when the flow is turbulent. Because turbulence plays a role in particle deposition, it is important to identify where the laminar flow over radiator becomes turbulent. The results from several visualization techniques and PIV measurements indicated that for a room with typical radiator heating, the flow over the radiator became agitated after a dimensionless length, 5.0–6.25, based on the radiator thickness. Surface properties are among the influencing factors in particle deposition; therefore, the geometrical properties of different finishing techniques were investigated experimentally using a structured light 3D scanner that revealed differences in roughness among different surface finishing techniques. To investigate the resistance to airflow along the surface and the turbulence generated by the surfaces, we recorded the boundary layer flow over the surfaces in a special flow rig, which revealed that the types of surface finishing methods differed very little in their resistance and therefore their influence on the deposition velocity is probably small. / Det övergripande syftet med den första studien i avhandlingen var att undersöka hypotesen att ett pulserande inflöde till ett ventilerade utrymme har en potential till att förbättra ventilationens kvalitet genom att minska stagnationszoner och därigenom öka omblandningen. För genomförande av studien byggdes en experimentuppställning i form av en tvådimensionell (2D) småskalig modell av ett ventilerat rum. Strömningsmediet i modellen var vatten. Det tvådimensionella hastighetsfältet registrerades över hela modellen med hjälp av Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). Vid ett stationärt tillflöde bildas ett stagnationsområde i centrum av rumsmodellen. Vid ett pulserade inflöde genererades sekundära virvlar. Med en egen utvecklad programvara var det möjligt att kvantifiera statistiken hos virvlarna. Det pulserade inflödet gjorde att inom området där det vid stationärt tillflöde fanns en stagnationszon ökade antalet virvlar i alla storlekar och fördelningen av virvlar blev mera homogen än tidigare. Detta kan förväntas ge upphov till förbättrad omblandning. Baserat på en grundläggande experimentell studie utförd i en småskalig tvådimensionell rumsmodell med vatten som strömningsmedium kan vi logiskt dra slutsatsen att ett pulserande tilluftsflöde har en potential att förbättra omblandningen.  I en fortsatt studie i avhandlingen visuliserades och mättes hastighetsfältet och därefter beräknades statistiska värden av exempelvis medelhastighet, standardavvikelse och skjuvspänning hos hastighetsfluktuationerna i luftströmmen över en väggmonterad radiator med 2D-PIV-teknik.  Bakgrunden till studien är att en bidragande orsak till partikelavsättning på väggytor är turbofores som uppträder vid en turbulent luftström. Studien genomfördes genom uppbyggnad av en fullskalig rumsmodell. Eftersom turbulens spelar en roll vid partikelavsättning genom turbofores är det viktigt att identifiera var det laminära flödet över radiatorn blir turbulent. Resultaten baserat på visualisering och PIV-mätningar indikerade att, för ett rum med denna typ av radiatoruppvärmning, blev flödet över radiatorn turbulent efter en dimensionslös längd lika med 5,0‒6,25 gånger radiatorns tjocklek. Ytors egenskaper är viktiga vid partikelavsättning. Därför har de geometriska egenskaperna hos några olika metoder för ytbehandling undersökts experimentellt med hjälp av en scanner för strukturerat 3D-ljus. Resultaten visar på skillnader i ytråhet hos de olika ytbehandlingsmetoderna. För att undersöka motståndet mot luftströmning längs ytan och den turbulens som genereras av ytorna registrerade vi gränsskiktsflödet över ytorna i en speciell luftströmningsrigg. Detta påvisade att motståndet hos de olika typerna av ytbehandlingsmetoder skilde sig mycket litet åt och därför är troligt vid deras påverkan på depositionshastigheten mycket liten. / <p>QC 20150525</p>

Submitted by MARCELA DO VALLE MACHADO (marcelavmachado@gmail.com) on 2018-04-22T02:22:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 machado_mv_me_prud.pdf: 3915564 bytes, checksum: a8e42c5376b44043a216b005b6c1615a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Claudia Adriana Spindola null (claudia@fct.unesp.br) on 2018-04-23T11:50:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 machado_mv_me_prud.pdf: 3915564 bytes, checksum: a8e42c5376b44043a216b005b6c1615a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-23T11:50:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 machado_mv_me_prud.pdf: 3915564 bytes, checksum: a8e42c5376b44043a216b005b6c1615a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-23 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Devido ao elevado custo de Sistemas de Varredura a LASER Aerotransportados (SVLA) e a miniaturização de sensores, sistemas de varredura a LASER (SVL) de menor peso e custo têm sido uma alternativa para estudos florestais. Aliado a estes sistemas, a crescente utilização de Veículos Aéreos Não Tripulados (VANT) possibilita a aquisição de dados com maior flexibilidade e rapidez, o que permite a utilização de SVL mais leves neste tipo de plataforma. Todavia, a integração e sincronização dos dispositivos do sistema demanda árduo trabalho de conexão eletrônica e computacional. Em casos que não seja possível realizar a sincronização eletrônica entre os dispositivos do sistema, uma alternativa é a sincronização por pósprocessamento, estabelecida por meio da relação entre os dados temporais obtidos com o LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) e com o GNSS (Global Navigation Sattelite Systems), durante a trajetória de voo do SVL embarcado em VANT. Para relacionar estes dados, são realizadas manobras de voo na forma senoidal durante a decolagem e pouso com o sistema, a fim de gerar pontos de máximos e mínimos. Com isso, os dados LASER e as posições da plataforma, coletados pelos dispositivos LASER e GNSS/IMU em sistemas de tempo diferentes, são relacionados por meio da diferença de distância e altura em função do tempo. Posteriormente, o tempo dos dados LASER é corrigido para tempo GPS, caracterizando a sincronização por pós-processamento, e refinado pelo Método dos Mínimos Quadrado. Desse modo, a nuvem de pontos pode então ser gerada. O controle de qualidade altimétrico utilizando pontos de apoio coletados em campo, apresentou uma acurácia de 11,6 cm. Para o controle planimétrico foi verificada uma acurácia de 45 cm para a componente E e 62 cm para a componente N. A partir das acurácias encontradas para a nuvem de pontos, conclui-se que a técnica de sincronização empregada é uma alternativa viável para relacionar dispositivos desacoplados de um SVL e que a acurácia centimétrica do sistema permite que este seja empregado em diversas aplicações, dentre as quais estão estimativa de altura de árvores. / Due to the high cost of Airborne LASER Scanning (ALS) and the miniaturization of sensors, low-cost and low-weight LASER systems have been an alternative for forestry studies. Together with these systems, the increasing use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) platforms, also low cost, enables the acquisition of data with greater flexibility and speed, which allows the use of low-weight SVL in this type of platform. However, the integration and synchronization of the devices of the system demands specialised work for electronic and computational connections. In cases where it is not possible to perform electronic synchronization between the devices of the system, an alternative is the post-processing synchronization, established through the relationship between the signals obtained with LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) and GNSS (Global Navigation Sattelite Systems), during the flight path of the SVL boarded in UAV. To relate these signals, flight maneuvers are performed in the a sinusoidal form shape during takeoff and landing with the system in order to obtain peaks of maximum and minimum. Thus, the LASER data and platform positions collected by the LASER and GNSS / IMU devices in different time systems are related by distance and height as a function of time. Subsequently, the LASER data time is corrected to match GPS time, characterizing the post-processing synchronization, and latter refined by the Least Square Method. In this way, the point cloud can then be generated. The quality control for altimetry, using control points collected in the field, achieved an obtained accuracy of 11.6 cm. The planimetric quality control achieve an accuracy of 45 cm the E component and 62 cm for the N component. From the accuracy achieved for the point cloud, it was concluded that the synchronization technique used is a viable alternative to relate decoupled devices of an ALS and that the centimetric accuracy of the system allows it to be used in several applications, such as tree height estimation. / FAPESP Proc. nº 2013/50426-4