The purpose of this thesis is to examine a potential Mn(II) complex model system and its corresponding oxygenated products. The Schiff base ligands chosen for this study (Figure 3) were of the type believed to be in, the environment of manganese as it exists in the photosynthetic process. The ligand systems employed will be derived from salicylaldehyde and a series of straight-chain diamines and 3,3'-bis (aminopropyl)- amine. / Master of Science

The synthesis and characterization of two new Schiff base copper(II) complexes are reported. These are Cu(acac: 2-amino-l-phenylethanol) and Cu(acac:2-amino-l-butanol). The ligands, derived from acetylacetone and the appropriate aminoalcohol, are dibasic tridentates with 0,N,O donor atoms. The magnetic properties of the complexes were studied at several temperatures between 78 OK and 296 OK. The magnetic moment of Cu(acac:2-amino-l-phenylethanol) varied little with temperature, and that of Cu(acac:2-amino-lbutanol) increased as the temperature was lowered. This is in contrast to the magnetic moment of Cu(acac:ethanolamine), which decreases as the temperature decreases. Molecular weight data, infrared spectra, magnetic data, electronic spectra, and electron spin resonance spectra of both complexes are reported and discussed.

A series of five, tetradentate Schiff-base ligands were synthesised and chelated to vanadyl to form oxovanadium(IV) complexes. The ligands, 4,4’-{benzene-1,2-diylbis[nitrilo(1E)phen-1-yl-1ylidene]}- dibenzene-1,3-diol (H2L1), 4,4’-{ethane-1,2-diylbis[nitrilo(1E)phenyl-1-yl-1-ylidene]}dibenzene-1,3-diol (H2L2), 4,4’-{propane-1,2-diylbis[nitrilo(1E)phen-1-yl-1-ylidene]}dibenzene-1,3-diol (H2L3), 4,4’-{(2- hydroxypropane-1,3-diyl)bis[nitrilo(1E)phen-1-yl-1-ylidene]}dibenzene-1,3-diol (H2L4) and 4,4’-{2,2- dimethylpropane-1,3-diyl)bis-[nitrilo(1E)phen-1-yl-1-ylidene]}-dibenzene-1,3-diol (H2L5), characterised by TOF-MS, IR, electronic absorption, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The ligand H2L5 was also characterised by XRD. The ligands were shown to have a bis-zwitterionic structure in the solid state, and possibly also in solution. Complexes were characterised by Elemental Analysis, TOF-MS, IR, electronic absorption spectra, EPR and 51V NMR spectroscopy. They form mononuclear complexes, with one ligand binding a single vanadyl ion. EPR spectroscopy was performed on both the powdered form and solutions of the complexes. All the complexes displayed axial symmetry, with increasing distortion from an ideal square pyramidal geometry as the size and bulk of the central chelate ring was increased. Isotropic g0 values suggest solvent interaction with the vanadium ion for the coordinating solvent DMSO. Additional distortion on the coordination geometry, presumably from the benzyl groups of the compounds, causes the isotropic hyperfine coupling constants to be greater than expected. Furthermore, the ability of the complexes to bind peroxide species was investigated by following the addition of H2O2 to the complexes using 51V NMR spectroscopy to observe shielding changes at the vanadium nucleus, and 1H NMR spectroscopy to monitor the bulk magnetic susceptibility, via a modified Evan’s NMR method. Similar experiments were done with sodium hydroxide for comparison. As expected, the oxoperoxovanadium(V) complexes were more stable than their progenitor oxovanadium(IV) complexes. Additionally, increasing the distortion from the ideal pseudo square-pyramidal coordination geometry for the vanadyl ion resulted in a greater increase in the apparent stability of the peroxocomplexes. This latter effect is further enhanced by the addition of a hydrogen-bonding group in close proximity to the vanadium nucleus. DFT calculations of the optimized geometries, natural bond orbitals, electronic absorption and infra-red frequencies were performed for both the ligands and the complexes; nuclear magnetic resonance calculations were performed for the ligands as well. The B3LYP/6-311G (d,p) and B3LYP/LANL2DZ level of theories were used for the ligands and complexes respectively, except for electronic transitions, which were calculated using TD-SCF methods for both ligands and complexes. Calculated and experimental results were compared where possible, and showed reasonable agreement for all calculations performed. The exception to this was for the NMR calculations for the ligands, which were poorly simulated. Finally, the in vitro biological activity of the complexes was evaluated for cytotoxicity against the human tumour cell lines: A549, U251, TK-10 and HT29, via an MTT assay. All complexes showed promising anticancer activity, as evidenced by their low IC50 values for the cell lines A549, U251 and TK-10, which are in general, lower than that observed for cisplatin. They did, however, express negligible activity against the HT29 colon adenocarcinoma cell line; showing an apparent selectivity for certain cell lines. These oxovanadium(IV) complexes, thus warrant further evaluation as chemotherapeutic agents. / Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2012.

Orientador: Marcos Fernando de Souza Teixeira / Coorientador: Sergio Antônio Marques de Lima / Banca: Heberth Juliano Vieira / Banca: Patrícia lexandra Antunes / Resumo: Os ligantes do tipo base de Schiff apresentam grandes sistemas π-conjugados e geralmente exibem alta intensidade de fluorescência com ou sem a incorporação de íons metálicos, o que possibilita o estudo desta classe de ligantes como sensores químicos ópticos. Assim, este trabalho, consiste no desenvolvimento de um quimiossensor óptico (optodo) baseado no ligante binuclear base de Schiff N,N',N',N'-(1,2,4,5-benzenotetrailtetranitrilo)tetrafenol (BTF) imobilizado em membranas poliméricas de PVC para determinação de íons metálicos. O ligante BTF foi sintetizado e a confirmação da estrutura obtida foi realizada através das técnicas de Espectroscopia de Absorção na Região do Ultravioleta-visível (UV-Vis) e Espectroscopia na Região do Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier (FT-IR). As membranas de PVC contendo o ligante BTF também foram caracterizadas por Espectroscopia de UV-Vis e Luminescência. Posteriormente, verificou-se a interação do ligante imobilizado nessas membranas na detecção dos íons metálicos Al3+, Ba2+, Cd2+, Co2+, Cr3+, Cu2+, Fe3+, Li+, Mg2+, Mn2+, Ni2+, Sr2+ e Zn2+ por meio do espectro de emissão de luminescência. Com os resultados obtidos foi possível classificar o ligante BTF como um quimiossensor do tipo turn-off para os íons de Cu2+, uma vez que a interação do ligante apenas com este cátion metálico resultou na supressão da luminescência do BTF. A detecção dos íons cobre não foi afetada pela presença de outros metais e adicionalmente, o limite de detecção... / Abstract: The ligands of the Schiff base type feature large conjugated π-systems and generally exhibit high fluorescence intensity with or without the incorporation of metal ions, which makes the study of this class of ligands such as optical chemical sensors. Thus, this work consist in the development of an optical chemosensor (optode) based on binuclear Schiff base ligand N, N', N', N'-(1, 2, 4, 5-benzenetetrailtetranitrile) tetrafenol (BTF) immobilized in PVC polymeric membranes for determination of metal ions. The BTF ligand was synthesized and the confirmation of the structure obtained was performed through the techniques of absorption Spectroscopy in the ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) and spectroscopy in the Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR). PVC membranes containing the BTF ligand were also characterized by UVVis spectroscopy and Luminescence. Later, it was found the immobilized ligand interaction in these membranes in the detection of metallic ion Al3+, Ba2 +, Cd2+, Co2+, Cr3+, Cu2+, Fe3+, Li+, Mg2+, Mn2+, Ni2+, Sr2+ and Zn2+ through the spectrum of UV-Vis absorption and fluorescence. With the obtained results it was possible to classify the BTF ligand as a chemosensor of type turn-off to the ions Cu2+, since the only ligand interaction with this metallic cation resulted in the suppression of the luminescence of the BTF. The detection of copper ions was not affected by the presence of other and additionally, the limit of detection for the chemosensor was approximately 2.86 x 10-12 mol L -1 however the analytical parameters were determined for the quimiossensor solution, since the studies with the BTF immobilized on membrane did not submit results reproducibility. A research on the morphology and PVC membrane affinity with the ligand became important and some results obtained by means of Scanning Electron Microscopy and Confocal Microscopy showed that membrane produced was ... / Mestre

Resumo Complexos organometálicos de paládio(II) são obtidos, caracterizados e estudados há algumas décadas devido às suas inusitadas propriedades das quais podem ser citadas: Química supramolecular, catalisadores em fase homogênea, metalomesogêneos na obtenção de materiais líquido-cristalinos, como agentes anti-neoplásicos e anti-reumáticos, dentre outras. Inseridos nesta classe de complexos tem-se os compostos conhecidos como ciclometalados e são assim designados por apresentarem uma conformação em anel contendo um metal. Ligantes nitrogenados próprios para a ciclometalação devem ser capazes de formar, com o metal, um anel estável de cinco membros, como, por exemplo, o anel da N,N-dimetilbenzilamina (dmba). Em nossos recentes trabalhos, verificou-se que espécies organometálicas de paládio(II), ciclometaladas ou não, contendo ligantes nitrogenados e difosfínicos apresentaram potencialidades antitumorais significativas e estas merecem ser exploradas. Somente nos últimos anos, ocorreu um aumento no número de compostos metálicos utilizados para fins terapêuticos, na área da pesquisa científica, com base em possíveis interações desses íons metálicos com diversas biomoléculas. Este trabalho mostrou novos compostos metálicos de Pd(II) mediante reação de adição do metal ou ciclometalação dos ligantes. Pode-se, então, interagir os novos ligantes nitrogenados sintetizados com metais como, por exemplo, o paládio(II), o níquel(II) e a platina(II) e com isso modelar novas espécies ciclometaladas ou não, com potencialidades antitumorais e, ou, anti-leishmaniose. No presente trabalho, procurou-se sintetizar e caracterizar via técnicas espectroscópicas ligantes imínicos e complexos de paládio(II). / Organometallic complexes of palladium(II) are obtained, characterized and studied for several decades due to their unusual properties which may be quoted: Supramolecular chemistry, catalysts in homogeneous phase, precursors to obtain liquid crystalline materials, such as anti-neoplastic agents and antirheumatic, among others. Included in this class of complex compounds has been known as cyclometallated and are so called because they have a conformation containing a metal ring. Nitrogen ligands suitable for cyclometallation should be able to form, with the metal, a stable five-membered ring, for example, the ring of N,Ndimetilbenzilamina (dmba). In our recent work showed that organometallic species of palladium(II), cyclometallated or not, containing nitrogen ligands and diphosphines showed significant antitumor potential and they deserve to be explored. Only in recent years, an increase in the number of metal compounds used for therapeutic purposes in the area of scientific research, based on potential interactions of these metal ions with various biomolecules. This new study showed metallic compounds of Pd(II) by addition reaction of metal or cyclometallated ligands. You can then interact the new ligands synthesized with metals such as nitrogen, for example, palladium(II), nickel(II) and platinum(II) and with this model cyclometallated new species or not, with potential antitumor and or anti-leishmaniasis. In this study, we attempted to synthesize and characterize imine ligands and complexes of palladium(II) through of spectroscopic techniques. / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

Nos últimos anos verificou-se um aumento significativo no número de trabalhos de pesquisa que relatam a utilização de compostos de metais de transição com fins terapêuticos. Muitos estudos tomaram como base as possíveis interações dos íons metálicos com as biomoléculas presentes no organismo vivo. Sabe-se que a geometria quadrado-planar presentes nos íons metálicos paládio(II), platina(II), ouro(III), níquel(II) - campo forte e irídio(I) - campo forte, favorece a interação íon-DNA e atuam principalmente como drogas intercaladoras de modo inter ou intra-fita. O presente trabalho foi norteado pela síntese e caracterização de novos complexos de paládio(II) com possíveis aplicações farmacológicas. Foi obtido um composto ciclometalado de Pd(II) mediante reação de ciclometalação do ligante nitrogenado H2ani2p-fen com tetracloropaladato(II) de lítio, nas proporções estequiométricas (1:1 e 1:2). O complexo da estequiometria (1:1) [Pd2(Hani2p-fen)2Cl2] C2 foi utilizado como precursor na síntese de outros cincos complexos, por substituição do cloro por haletos bromo e iodo e pseudohaletos azida, cianato e tiocianato: [Pd(H2L)X2], [Pd2(HL)2X2], [Pd4(H2L)2X4] e [Pd4L2X4] sendo X = N3, NCO, SCN, Br e I. Já o complexo da estequiometria (1:2) [Pd4(Hani2p-fen)2(ani2p-fen)Cl4] C8 foi utilizado como precursor na síntese de mais outros cincos complexos. As substituições também foram do cloro por haletos (Br, I) e pseudohaletos (N3, NCO e SCN), obtendo os complexos: [Pd4(HL)2(L)X4] e [Pd4(L)2X4] sendo X = N3, NCO, SCN, Br e I. Além das técnicas espectroscópicas (IV, UV-Vis, RMN de 1H), foram realizados testes de solubilidade, ponto de fusão, análise elementar (CHNS) e estudos termogravimétricos (TG-DTA), tanto para o ligante imínico, como para os complexos metálicos. No tocante, a espectroscopia vibracional na região do ultravioleta – visível, foi observado o deslocamento das bandas de absorção dos complexos indicando a coordenação do ligante, bem como a substituição regioespecífica dos grupos coordenados em ponte. A técnica de espectroscopia vibracional na região do infravermelho permitiu inferir sobre o modo de coordenação dos pseudohaletos e confirmar a presença do ligante coordenado ao centro metálico. Esta técnica confirmou que os grupos azida, cianato e tiocianato estão coordenados preferencialmente de modo end-on, end-to-end e terminal. A análise dos espectros de RMN de 1H ligante nitrogenado e dos complexos ciclopaladados mostrou a presença de sinais compatíveis com as estruturas propostas. Em relação às curvas termogravimétricas foi possível propor um mecanismo de termodecomposição para os novos complexos, pois como único resíduo encontrou-se paládio metálico, identificado por difração de raios-X pelo método de pó. Visando empregar estes compostos em ensaios biológicos frente à Leishmania, foram realizados experimentos in vitro de células promastigotas e amastigotas da L. (L.) brazilienses. Determinou-se a viabilidade celular destas culturas, expressa pelo Índice de Citotoxicidade (IC50), que indica a concentração de substância que induz à morte 50% da população celular. Os complexos que apresentaram melhor atividade leishmanicida foram os derivados que contêm cloro (C8) e tiocianato (C11). / In recent years there has been a significant increase in the number of research papers that report the use of transition metal compounds for therapeutic purposes. Many studies were based on the possible interactions of metal ions with bimolecular present in living organisms. It is known that the geometry of square-planar metal ions present in the palladium(II), platinum(II), gold(III), nickel(II) - strong field and iridium(I) - strong field, favors the ion-DNA interaction and drugs act mainly as intercalation inter-or intra-tape. This work was guided by the synthesis and characterization of new complexes of palladium(II) with potential pharmacological applications. We obtained a compound cyclometallated Pd(II) by reacting the ligand nitrogen cyclometallated H2ani2p-fen with tetracloropalad(II) of lithium in molar ratio (1:1 or 1:2). The complex stoichiometry (1:1) [Pd2(Hani2p-fen)2Cl2] C2 was used as precursor in the synthesis of five complexes, of halide substitution by chlorine and bromine and iodine pseudohalide azide, cyanate and thiocyanate: [Pd(H2L)X2], [Pd2(HL)2X2], [Pd4(H2L)2X4] and [Pd4L2X4] where X = N3, NCO, SCN, Br and I. Since the complex stoichiometry (1:2) [Pd4(Hani2p-fen)2(ani2p-fen)Cl4] C8 was used as precursor in the synthesis of more complex five others. Substitutions were also chlorine by halides (Br, I) and pseudohalide (N3, SCN and NCO), yielding the complexes: [Pd4(HL)2(L)X4] and [Pd4(L)2X4] where X = N3, NCO, SCN, Br and I. In addition to the spectroscopic techniques (UV-Vis, IR e NMR of 1H), Tests of solubility, melting point, elemental analysis (CHNS) and thermogravimetric studies (TG-DTA) for both the imine ligand, as for the complexes metal. Regarding the vibrational spectroscopy in the ultraviolet - visible, there was the shift of the absorption bands of the complexes indicating coordination of the ligand and the substitution of groups coordinated regiospecífies bridge. The technique of vibrational spectroscopy in the infrared region allowed inferring the mode of coordination of pseudohalide and confirms the presence of the ligand coordinated to the metal center. This technique confirmed that the azide, cyanate and thiocyanate groups are preferably coordinated so end-on, end-to-end and terminal. The analysis of NMR 1H spectra of ligand and complexes cyclopalladated nitrogen showed the presence of signs consistent with the proposed structures. Regarding the thermograms was possible to propose a mechanism for new thermodecomposition complex, because as the only waste met Pd identified by X-ray diffraction by the powder method. Aiming to employ these compounds in biological assays front of Leishmania, experiments were performed in vitro cell promastigotes and amastigotes of L. (L.) braziliensis. Determined the viability of these cultures, expressed by the Index of Cytotoxicity (IC50), which indicates the concentration of substance that induces death 50% of the cell population. The compounds that showed better leishmanicidal activity were those containing chlorine (C8) and thiocyanate (C11).

Orientador: Ana Maria Pires / Coorientador: Sergio A. M. Lima / Banca: Renata Danielli Adati / Banca: Eduardo José Nassar / Resumo: Complexos de íons lantanídeos luminescentes tem se destacado em marcação biológica em função de sua alta eficiência de emissão atribuída ao "efeito antena". A incorporação destes complexos em matrizes inorgânicas leva a formação de materiais híbridos orgânico-inorgânicos. Esse híbrido pode ser utilizado como marcador em ensaios biológicos desde que acoplado a moléculas de reconhecimento específico, p.e., o sistema avidina-biotina. Neste trabalho foi descrita a síntese e a caracterização do ligante SalenHSi (um tipo de base de Schiff), dos complexos Er(SalenHSi) e Eu(SalenHSi) e dos seus respectivos híbridos com matriz de sílica gel para potencial utilização como marcadores. A formação do ligante, dos híbridos e dos híbridos aminofuncionalizados foi comprovada por FTIR. Dados de titulação complexométrica indicaram estequiometria 3:1 (ligante:metal) no complexo Eu(SalenHSi). O diagrama de níveis de energia construído demonstrou a viabilidade de transferência de energia do ligante para os íons Eu 3+ e Er 3+ . O complexo de Er 3+ não é um bom emissor no visível, mas o de Eu 3+ apresenta emissão no vermelho devido as seguintes transições: 5 D0→ 7 FJ (J = 0, 1, 2, 3 e 4), sendo uma única transição 5 D0→ 7 F0 indicando a presença de somente um sítio emissor sem centro de inversão. Os parâmetros Ω 2, Ω 4, R 02 e os valores de τ e η foram determinados para o complexo Eu(SalenHSi) e a eficiência quântica estimada foi de 9,62%. Imagens de microscopia eletrônica de varredura indicaram uma modificação na morfologia dos complexos em função das formas de acondicionamento das amostras. Os testes preliminares de conjugação realizados com o híbrido aminofuncionalizado contendo Eu 3+ , a proteína albumina e um crosslinker foram acompanhados por espectroscopia de absorção na região do UV-Vis, e os resultados obtidos demonstram uma efetiva conjugação / Abstract: Luminescent complexes of lanthanide ions have been applied in biological labeling because of their high emission efficiency assigned to the "antenna effect". The incorporation of these complexes in inorganic materials leads to the formation of organic-inorganic hybrid materials. Such material may be used in biological assays once it is coupled to specific molecules, i.e., the avidin-biotin system. This work describes the synthesis and characterization of the ligand SalenHSi (a type of Schiff base), the complex Er(SalenHSi) and Eu(SalenHSi) and their hybrids with silica gel matrix for potential use as biological labels. The formation of ligand, hybrids and hybrids aminofunctionalized was confirmed by FTIR. Complexometric titration data, and elementary analysis indicated the stoichiometry 3:1 (ligand:metal) for the complexes I. The energy level diagram demonstrated the feasibility of energy transfer from the ligand to Eu 3+ and Er 3+ ions. Spectroscopic studies performed indicated that Er 3+ complex do not emit in the visible, on the other hand the Eu 3+ complex exhibit red emission the following transitions: 5 D0 → 7 FJ (J = 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4). The only 5 D0 → 7 F0 transition indicates the presence of a single site without inversion center. Yet for Eu(SalenHSi) was determined the Ω2 , Ω4, R 02 parameters and the values of τ and η, and the quantum efficiency value estimated as 9.62%. Images of scanning electron microscopy indicated a change in the morphology of the complex as a function of the storage forms of samples. Preliminary tests performed with the combination of the aminofunctionalized hybrid containing Eu 3+ , the albumin protein and crosslinker were accompanied by absorption spectroscopy in the UV-Vis and the results suggest the effectiveness of the conjugation, opening precedents for future testing by using the self-recognition system avidin-biotin / Mestre

No description available.

Title on spine: Transition metal complexes / 173 leaves : ill., tables, graphs ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Thesis (Ph.D.1979) from the Dept. of Physical and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Adelaide

Thesis (PhD) -- University of Western Sydney, 2001. / "A thesis submitted as a requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy" Includes bibliographical references.