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"An overview of the history and actual practice of supervision in Bay County [Florida], to attempt to state the present point of view and philosophy underlying the supervisory practices, and to formulate and present some definite plans for improvement. This study shall be limited to those phases of the Supervisor's activities which deal with the elementary schools serving the white population of Bay County"--Page 1. / "Presented to the Graduate Committee of Florida State College for Women in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts under Plan II." / "July, 1944." / Typescript. / Advisor: Dean R. L. Eyman, Professor Directing Paper. / Includes bibliographical references.

The purpose of this study is to deal specifically with three administrative problems which were in outstanding need of improvement in Bay County in September 1943. These problems concerned the management of textbooks, libraries, and lunchrooms. In dealing with each of these problems, a survey of the situation in September, 1943, will be presented first, then a study of accomplishments for the 1943-1944 term, and lastly tentative plans for further development and improvement. / "A Paper." / "July, 1944." / Typescript. / "Presented to the Graduate Committee of Florida State College for Women in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts under Plan II." / Advisor: R. L. Eyman, Professor Directing Paper. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 50).

Children living in poverty in the United States face some of life's greatest challenges, including achieving academic success in school. Evidence is also emerging of a growing income disparity in America that affects families, communities and local labor markets in ways that can undermine the effectiveness of schools serving disadvantaged populations (Duncan & Murnane, 2011). Evidence exists, however, that high academic performance is within the reach of all children in high poverty schools, and that principal leadership is a contributing factor. This study examined principal leadership practices in three high poverty K-5 elementary schools in Oregon identified as Model schools under the Oregon ESEA waiver to No Child Left Behind. This study identified themes of leadership practices including 1) high expectations, 2) meeting children's basic needs, 3) shared leadership and teamwork, 4) use of data, and 5) personal attributes of the principal. Other themes considered important to one or more groups of respondents but not necessarily to all included 1) caring, 2) positive support, 3) addressing biases about children and families in poverty, 4) principal's elementary teaching experience, and 5) pride in the local school. As such, the findings of this study support the knowledge base in educational leadership regarding principal leadership as a factor in schools that impact the academic growth of children (Hallinger, 2005; Hallinger, Bickman, & Davis, 1996; Hallinger & Heck, 1998; Hattie, 2009; Jacobson et al., 2004; Leithwood & Jantzi, 2012; Leithwood & Louis, 2012; Leithwood et al., 2004; Lyman & Villani, 2004; Marks & Printy, 2003; and, Water, Marzano, & McNulty, 2003). This study has implications for district hiring and planning for principal succession, teacher hiring, resource allocation, community engagement, and district support for schools serving students in high-poverty communities.

Each month, thousands of U.S service members are discharged from the military and are forced to make the decision of what to do with the rest of their lives. For an increasingly large percentage of such veterans, the decision that they will make will be to become full-time college students and pursue an education that will provide them with meaningful careers. Unfortunately, due to the type of constant deployment cycles that many student-veterans undergo while enlisted/commissioned, a large percentage of veterans taking part in the military-to-college transition process have received mental/physical injuries that serve as major obstacles for achieving successful transitions. Specifically, this study seeks to determine if social support, willingness towards campus communication, self-esteem, and eagerness towards social networking site usage are related to a student-veterans overall level of academic engagement. This study draws its data from a sample of 202 full-time student-veterans. Data was collected through a volunteer self-administered online questionnaire. Six sections respectively measured eagerness towards SNS (Social Networking Site) usage, academic engagement, social support, willingness towards campus communication, self-esteem, and demographic information. Data was collected from California community colleges, California State Universities institutions, University of California institutions, and California private non-for profit institutions. This study found a statistically significant positive relationship between social support, self-esteem, willingness to communicate, and academic engagement. Essentially, student-veterans who have high levels of social support/self-esteem and are willing to communicate are more likely to possess high levels of academic engagement. There was no significant relationship found between eagerness towards SNS usage and academic engagement. Moreover, this study is significant as it suggests that a student-veteran’s level of academic engagement is positively correlated to their overall level of academic engagement. Thus, maintaining strong social support networks that allow student-veterans to interact in personal and one-on-one interactions is of great importance for a student-veteran during their time in college in order to achieve their academic and professional goals.

Educators are under increasing pressure to improve the climate and safety in urban schools. Unfortunately, schools have addressed school safety concerns by increasing exclusionary measures such as suspensions and expulsions. Knowing that exclusionary measures can have detrimental effects, state legislatures have called for more proactive strategies for positive student behavior and increased school climates. Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports is a proactive, school-wide approach to discipline that shifts the focuses from punitive measure to teaching, promoting, and supporting positive behavior to all students (Suagai & Horner, 2006). As a result, PBIS has been linked to positive school climates and reductions in exclusionary measures. This mixed methods study examined the implementation efforts and barriers to sustained implementation of PBIS in three urban school districts in Northern California. A modified version of the School-Wide Evaluation Tool (SET) was sent to the school site administrators in the three urban school districts in Northern California that had participated in a four day PBIS training. A small return rate was yielded (n=17), therefore only summary data could be reported. School site administrators indicated that the following practices were in place: three to five positively stated rules, rules were posted throughout the campus, a PBIS team has been established, the administrator was an active participant on the team, and an acknowledgment system had been implemented. Discipline data was analyzed from pre-implementation in 2010-2011 and after implementation in 2014-2015 using Paired t-Tests. Results indicated that there was statistical significance for overall suspension, expulsion and truancy data of the three school districts. Wilcoxon signed ranks tests were also conducted on pre-implementation and implementation discipline data by ethnicity and types of discipline. No statistical significance was noted for ethnicity and discipline type, but reductions in the number of suspensions and expulsions for various ethnic groups (i.e. African-Americans, Hispanics, and Whites) and discipline types (i.e. violence, disruptive/defiance, and physical injury) were indicated pre-implementation and after implementation. Additionally, six school site administrators were interviewed to understand various barriers to sustained implementation of PBIS. Three themes emerged regarding sustained implementation which included staff buy-in, additional training, and competing priorities and initiatives.

This qualitative single case study examined the connections between social-emotional learning and academic achievement in adolescents. Questions that formed the foundation for research include the background of how one middle school developed social and emotional practices for their student population, the ways in which those practices are implemented and sustained in the school community, how social-emotional learning practices interface with academics, and approaches which can be shared with other school sites. Qualitative research methods included formal and informal participant interviews, site and field observations, and the collection of artifacts and documents such as test scores and student work. Data was coded and analyzed by themes: 1) Building Relationships and Developing Trust; 2) Learning Engagement and Achievement; 3) Teaching Accountability and Responsibility; 4) Collaboration; 5) Resolving Conflicts; and 6) Budgets, Curriculum and Standards, and Teacher Demands. Data show convincing connections between creating caring school communities and the academic, social, and emotional development of adolescents.

The purpose of this study was to critically explore whiteness and masculinity within the context of public school administration. Using a qualitative research design, this study is broken into two separate articles. The first article is a critical narrative, and deeply examined two White and male public school superintendents’ experiences serving in school districts within California’s Central Valley. Framed within the broad context of critical White theory (CWT), I explored each man’s approach to interpersonal communication while conducting business. Additionally, I applied the urban dictionary’s definition of “Whitesplaining” to consider deeply how each man attempted to control the public narrative being disseminated to his constituency. In the second article, I conducted an autoethnography, and presented my own experiences working as a first-year middle school principal. I too situated my experiences within the broad contexts of White and masculine privilege. This study contends pushes whiteness research forward by using first and second person narration to critique and interrupt White and masculine points of view within the context of public school administration.

This qualitative study explored stakeholders’ (administrators, teachers, and parents) perspectives of English learners in the learning center, a response to intervention model, at a school district in Central California. Research existed concerning the yearly academic growth of students in a learning center, but there was a lack of knowledge about what these stakeholders thought of it. It is important to find out what they think of the program in order to see if it is a positive or negative for English learners. This study adds to the existing scholarship by describing what the stakeholders think of this intervention for English learners. Using interviews and observations, this qualitative study showed that parents of these English learners were satisfied with their children participating in this program and had seen growth in their children over the year. These findings may be useful for administrators, teachers and parents of English learners who want to provide reading intervention like the one at the learning center. This study concludes by providing areas of further research and conclusions.