The aim of this study was to determine the predictors of excess weight gain among children participating in the Kahnawake Schools Diabetes Prevention Project (KSDPP). Study objectives were addressed in a secondary analysis of data collected from 1994 to 2004. Mean BMI percentiles and relative weight values increased over time in repeat cross-sectional analyses. Participants followed longitudinally were split into two groups: (1) children gaining weight at ≤ the median value of weight for their age, sex and height (n=86); (2) children gaining > the median value (n=177). Therefore, two-thirds of the participants were gaining weight greater than the norm. Among boys only, those in the higher weight group were heavier for their age, sex and height at the start of their follow-up period. No significant differences were observed in reported dietary intake, physical activity levels or screen time between children in the two weight gain groups.

Thesis (MNutr (Human Nutrition))--Stellenbosch University, 2008. / There is convincing evidence linking school feeding to improved educational outcomes. The Primary School Nutrition Programme (PSNP) was first implemented in 1994 and aimed to improve educational outcomes by alleviating short-term hunger and improving school attendance and punctuality. Responsibility for the programme was transferred from the Department of Health (DoH) to the Department of Education (DoE) in 2004 and the name was changed to the National School Nutrition Programme (NSNP) at this time. Previous evaluations of the PSNP / NSNP had reported problems associated with foodservice management and general management aspects of the programme. The study was a cross-sectional, observational investigation of foodservice management and general management practices in primary schools running the National School Nutrition Programme (NSNP) in Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal. Twenty-three schools were visited to investigate practices at each school relating to compliance with DoE menus and prescribed service time of the meal, the food delivery system and utilities available. The food handling and hygiene training and practices and general management practices linked to the NSNP were investigated. Most of the schools (78%) were using the DoE menus but only half (52%) served the meal at or before 10h00, which is an ongoing problem. Receiving and storage procedures were adequate at most schools. Food quality does not appear to be a problem in the Pietermaritzburg schools. The lack of expiry dates on food packages remains a problem area and should be addressed. Most of the schools had a designated kitchen area but these facilities could be upgraded. Most schools cooked on gas and 35% of schools had no running water in the kitchen. Kitchens should, at least, have hot and cold running water and adequate working space. Most schools reported that they run out of gas during the month. The monthly DoE allocation for gas should be reviewed to ensure schools have enough gas for the whole month. The holding time for cooked food should be kept to a minimum to minimise the risk of food poisoning. Some schools had insufficient plates (26%) and cutlery (35%). Standardised portion sizes were served at 70% of schools and food handlers reported that learners usually finish all the food. Food handlers at 70% of the schools had received training in food safety and hygiene but 26% of these had only received training once. Training was found to be significantly associated with hand washing (p=0.002), clean uniforms (p=0.036) iv and sanitising practices (p=0.035). Training should be provided in short, ongoing sessions. General management aspects of the NSNP remain a problem. Policies and procedures should be drawn up and implemented to provide a minimum standard of operations at schools. Monitoring should be conducted on a regular basis. The NSNP is running reasonably well in Pietermaritzburg. Adhering to prescribed meal times and upgrading kitchen facilities could result in improvements. Food handler training could also be conducted more frequently. General management aspects need to be improved.

School feeding is a tool which, today, effectively enables many millions of poor children worldwide to attend school in developed and developing countries alike. This study evaluated the perceptions of learners on the school feeding programme in one circuit in a district of Limpopo Province. It describes the benefits of school feeding and how this well-proven tool can be improved and specifically targeted to address some of the key constraints to universal secondary school completion. The findings suggest that school feeding programmes contribute to the education and well-being of children as hungry children do not grow; cannot learn; and face many health risks. School feeding can bring children into school and out of hunger; providing food for children at school can relieve immediate short-term hunger which is very beneficial for learning to take place. Alleviating short-term hunger among children at school helps to improve their performance in school tests and to promote a normal progression from grade to grade in completing their basic education. The study used individual interviews, document analysis and observation to obtain data from selected participants from two schools in the Nzhelele East Circuit in the Vhembe District. Responses to questions were analysed and a statistical analysis provided positive answers which revealed that the school feeding programme was effective; that more should be done to improve its delivery; that there should be a stable infrastructure and that the geographical location of the community should be taken into consideration when it comes to menu options. A number of recommendations are made to improve the implementation of the school feeding programme. / Educational Leadership and Management / M. Ed. (Education Management)

O Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE) é uma política pública presente no Brasil há mais de 60 anos e representa um dos maiores Programas de alimentação e nutrição do mundo. O papel da agricultura familiar como geradora de empregos no meio rural, fornecedora de alimentos e responsável por garantir boa parte da segurança alimentar do país é presença constante na agenda do governo e dos movimentos sociais. Sua inserção no fornecimento de alimentos para o Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar foi aprovada pela Lei 11.947 de 2009. O artigo 14 dessa Lei destaca que no mínimo 30% (trinta por cento) dos recursos financeiros repassados pelo Fundo Nacional de Desenvolvimento da Educação (FNDE), no âmbito do Programa, deverão ser utilizados na aquisição direta de gêneros alimentícios da agricultura familiar ou suas organizações. A política nacional de alimentação escolar é de responsabilidade do FNDE e está submetida aos órgãos de controle interno, como a Controladoria Geral da União, externo, como os Tribunais de Contas da União e dos estados, e ao controle social dos Conselhos de Alimentação Escolar. O repasse desses recursos financeiros é feito para as entidades executoras, que são as secretarias de educação dos estados, municípios e do Distrito Federal. Estas entidades devem prestar contas aos Conselhos de Alimentação Escolar anualmente, que analisam-nas e emitem um parecer conclusivo ao FNDE, aprovando com ou sem ressalvas, ou reprovando-as. Neste sentido, a pesquisa tem por objetivo propor parâmetros que contribuam para o aprimoramento do controle social sobre as compras da agricultura familiar para o Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar. O estudo foi realizado por amostragem não paramétrica junto aos gestores das Entidades Executoras, Conselhos de Alimentação Escolar e Organizações da Agricultura Familiar de todo o Brasil, a partir das bases de dados disponibilizadas pelo FNDE e pela União Nacional das Cooperativas de Agricultura Familiar e Economia Solidária (Unicafes). O estudo aponta que o marco legal do PNAE busca garantir a participação da agricultura familiar no fornecimento de alimentos ao Programa, apesar de permitir que as entidades executoras justifiquem o não cumprimento do mínimo exigido de várias maneiras. A pesquisa também assinala que os conselhos de alimentação escolar acompanham a execução do Programa de forma tímida e aponta que há espaço para ampliar e aprimorar a participação desses Conselhos e das organizações da agricultura familiar na execução do PNAE. Sua efetividade requer um constante e efetivo processo de capacitação dos agentes envolvidos no Programa. / The National School Feeding Programme (PNAE) is a public policy in Brazil for over 60 years and represents one of the most important programs of feeding and nutrition in the world. The role of family farming as a source of employment in rural areas, food provider and for ensuring much of the Brazil’s food security is constantly present at the government's and social movement’s agendas. Law 11.947 of 2009 marked its integration in the food supply for the National School Feeding Programme. Article 14 of aforementioned law highlights that a minimum of 30% (thirty percent) of the funds transferred by the National Development Fund Education (FNDE) to the Programme must be used for the purchase of food directly from family farmers or their organizations. The national school feeding policy under the responsibility of the FNDE and is subjected to agencies of internal control, such as the General Controllership of the Union (CGU), of external control, such as the Audit Courts of the Union and the of the states, and to the social control of the school feeding councils. Those funds are transferred to the implementing agencies, which are the education offices of the states, municipalities and of the Federal District. These entities must annually present their accountings to the School Feeding Councils, which analyze them and then issue a conclusive report to the FNDE, approving with or without reservations, or rejecting them. In this sense, this research aims to propose parameters that should contribute to the improvement of the social control over purchases from family farming for the National School Feeding Programme. The study was conducted by non parametric sampling alongside the managers of the implementing entities, school feeding councils and Family Farming Organizations all across Brazil, from the databases provided by FNDE and by the National Union of Cooperatives of Family Agriculture and Solidarity Economy (Unicafes). The study points out that the legal framework of PNAE seeks to ensure the participation of family farming in the food supply for the Programme, despite allowing the executing agencies to justify the non-compliance of the minimum required in a number of ways. The survey also signalizes that the school feeding councils follow the implementation of the Programme very shyly, and points out that there is room to expand and enhance the participation of these councils and organizations of family farming in the execution of PNAE. Its effectiveness requires a constant and effective process of training of the agents involved in the Programme.

O Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE) é uma política pública presente no Brasil há mais de 60 anos e representa um dos maiores Programas de alimentação e nutrição do mundo. O papel da agricultura familiar como geradora de empregos no meio rural, fornecedora de alimentos e responsável por garantir boa parte da segurança alimentar do país é presença constante na agenda do governo e dos movimentos sociais. Sua inserção no fornecimento de alimentos para o Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar foi aprovada pela Lei 11.947 de 2009. O artigo 14 dessa Lei destaca que no mínimo 30% (trinta por cento) dos recursos financeiros repassados pelo Fundo Nacional de Desenvolvimento da Educação (FNDE), no âmbito do Programa, deverão ser utilizados na aquisição direta de gêneros alimentícios da agricultura familiar ou suas organizações. A política nacional de alimentação escolar é de responsabilidade do FNDE e está submetida aos órgãos de controle interno, como a Controladoria Geral da União, externo, como os Tribunais de Contas da União e dos estados, e ao controle social dos Conselhos de Alimentação Escolar. O repasse desses recursos financeiros é feito para as entidades executoras, que são as secretarias de educação dos estados, municípios e do Distrito Federal. Estas entidades devem prestar contas aos Conselhos de Alimentação Escolar anualmente, que analisam-nas e emitem um parecer conclusivo ao FNDE, aprovando com ou sem ressalvas, ou reprovando-as. Neste sentido, a pesquisa tem por objetivo propor parâmetros que contribuam para o aprimoramento do controle social sobre as compras da agricultura familiar para o Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar. O estudo foi realizado por amostragem não paramétrica junto aos gestores das Entidades Executoras, Conselhos de Alimentação Escolar e Organizações da Agricultura Familiar de todo o Brasil, a partir das bases de dados disponibilizadas pelo FNDE e pela União Nacional das Cooperativas de Agricultura Familiar e Economia Solidária (Unicafes). O estudo aponta que o marco legal do PNAE busca garantir a participação da agricultura familiar no fornecimento de alimentos ao Programa, apesar de permitir que as entidades executoras justifiquem o não cumprimento do mínimo exigido de várias maneiras. A pesquisa também assinala que os conselhos de alimentação escolar acompanham a execução do Programa de forma tímida e aponta que há espaço para ampliar e aprimorar a participação desses Conselhos e das organizações da agricultura familiar na execução do PNAE. Sua efetividade requer um constante e efetivo processo de capacitação dos agentes envolvidos no Programa. / The National School Feeding Programme (PNAE) is a public policy in Brazil for over 60 years and represents one of the most important programs of feeding and nutrition in the world. The role of family farming as a source of employment in rural areas, food provider and for ensuring much of the Brazil’s food security is constantly present at the government's and social movement’s agendas. Law 11.947 of 2009 marked its integration in the food supply for the National School Feeding Programme. Article 14 of aforementioned law highlights that a minimum of 30% (thirty percent) of the funds transferred by the National Development Fund Education (FNDE) to the Programme must be used for the purchase of food directly from family farmers or their organizations. The national school feeding policy under the responsibility of the FNDE and is subjected to agencies of internal control, such as the General Controllership of the Union (CGU), of external control, such as the Audit Courts of the Union and the of the states, and to the social control of the school feeding councils. Those funds are transferred to the implementing agencies, which are the education offices of the states, municipalities and of the Federal District. These entities must annually present their accountings to the School Feeding Councils, which analyze them and then issue a conclusive report to the FNDE, approving with or without reservations, or rejecting them. In this sense, this research aims to propose parameters that should contribute to the improvement of the social control over purchases from family farming for the National School Feeding Programme. The study was conducted by non parametric sampling alongside the managers of the implementing entities, school feeding councils and Family Farming Organizations all across Brazil, from the databases provided by FNDE and by the National Union of Cooperatives of Family Agriculture and Solidarity Economy (Unicafes). The study points out that the legal framework of PNAE seeks to ensure the participation of family farming in the food supply for the Programme, despite allowing the executing agencies to justify the non-compliance of the minimum required in a number of ways. The survey also signalizes that the school feeding councils follow the implementation of the Programme very shyly, and points out that there is room to expand and enhance the participation of these councils and organizations of family farming in the execution of PNAE. Its effectiveness requires a constant and effective process of training of the agents involved in the Programme.

MPM / Oliver Tambo Institute of Governance and Policy Studies

Thesis (M. Sc. (Dietetics)) -- University of Limpopo, 2021 / Background: Most school food environments in low socioeconomic countries offer cheaper unhealthy snacks of low nutritional value. Generally, these defeat the aims and goals of the National School Nutrition Programmes that offers nutritionally balanced meals to enhance concentration and learning. These unhealthy snacks that are available in school food environments have the ability to promote food choices that may lead to early onset of obesity and diseases of the lifestyle. The creation of healthy school food environments should be observed as a fundamental priority and a responsibility to all stakeholders with the necessary powers. Objectives: The study explored the perspective of school vendors, learners and school governing bodies on snack sale in selected primary schools of Dimamo circuit, Limpopo Province, South Africa. Design and Methods: A cross-sectional, exploratory descriptive study was conducted on the perspectives of vendors, learners and school governing bodies on the sale of snacks in selected primary schools of Dimamo circuit, Limpopo Province, South Africa. Data were collected with 69 participants using a semi-structured questionnaire in one-on-one interviews and focus group discussions at three public schools in the Dimamo circuit. Criteria for trustworthiness were adhered to throughout the study. Ethical principles were adhered to in order to ensure the ethical standards of the study. Findings: A negative perception regarding the sale of snacks was found by both the learners and school governing bodies. However, the vendors were reluctant to raise their views with regard to the snacks sold in schools despite them being aware of the diseases experienced, such as ringworms, rash and vomiting. Improved hygiene practices and sale of healthy snacks was suggested by learners while drawing of a school food policy was seen as a last resort to improve the school food environment. Conclusion: A negative perception towards unhealthy snacks exists among the learners and teachers as they have been disruption in teaching and learning; due to random absenteeism associated with ailments allegedly caused by consumption of unhealthy snacks. However, the vendors reported learners’ preference for the sale of unhealthy snacks viii over the healthy ones due to cost. Furthermore,the vendors reported that the provision of free fruits by the NSNP in school was a challenge. Lack of cooperation, accountability and responsibility amongst the School Governing Bodies (SGB) and vendors were a barrier to facilitating a healthy food environment.

No description available.

No description available.

This study evaluates the school feeding programme at Magog Primary School. It sets out as its objective to find out how the programme operates and its potential impact on school children, including challenges, if any, and recommends solutions to mitigate the challenges. It was motivated by the need to provide information which could be used as a basis to ensure that the nutritional and educational objectives of the National School Nutritional Programme are achieved. A review of literature demonstrated that, within the developmental framework, the point of view of civil society, government and the academia on the school feeding programmes are a valuable strategy to intervene in the nutritional and cognitive development of learners. It also made it evident that there are diverse views as to whether the School Feeding Programme is achieving its intended objectives. The findings of this study suggest that, although the programme has the potential to improve nutrition and health, enrolment, attendance and cognitive development, there are still some challenges and areas that need to be addressed and improved. These challenges arise as a result of lack of effective monitoring and evaluation, geographical location of the schools and other implementation flaws. The consequences are that the objectives of the National School Nutritional Programme are placed at risk. / Development Studies / M.A. (Development Studies)