Thesis (MPhil (Afrikaans and Dutch))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: It is generally accepted that illustrative examples are useful in dictionaries, particularly school and learner’s dictionaries. The South African school situation presents unique challenges to lexicographers, as most learners are being taught in English, which is not their home language, so a monolingual school dictionary is used as a learner’s dictionary, and a bilingual school dictionary may not contain the learner’s first language. This research aims to find out how useful examples are to South African learners, and how one can evaluate the effectiveness of examples in dictionaries. The first method used in this thesis is the development of a table of categories, which is used to analyse, compare and evaluate illustrative examples in five different South African school dictionaries. The data from this table is presented in detail, and the results are discussed and conclusions drawn. The second method makes use of questionnaires given to learners to find out whether they are aware of the supportive functions of examples in dictionaries. The result of the table of categories is a set of guidelines and recommendations for selecting or inventing suitable examples for use in school dictionaries. The table of categories can also be used to analyse and compare the examples in existing dictionaries. The result of the learner questionnaires is that learners do actively look for support for the definition in examples, especially if the headword is new to them, or they do not understand the definition. The conclusion of this thesis is that examples are an important part of a dictionary entry and need to be chosen with care, to provide as much support as possible, within the space constraints of that particular dictionary / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Daar word algemeen aanvaar dat voorbeeldmateriaal in woordeboeke, veral in skool- en aanleerderswoordeboeke, baie nuttig is. Die Suid-Afrikaanse skoolbestel bied unieke uitdagings aan leksikograwe, aangesien die meeste leerders in Engels (wat nie hulle moedertaal is nie) onderrig ontvang. Gevolglik word 'n eentalige skoolwoordeboek dikwels gebruik as 'n aanleerderswoordeboek, en 'n tweetalige woordeboek bevat dikwels nie die leerder se moedertaal nie. Met hierdie navorsing word gepoog om uit te vind hoe nuttig Suid- Afrikaanse leerders voorbeeldmateriaal vind, en hoe 'n mens die effektiwiteit van voorbeeldmateriaal kan evalueer. Die eerste metode wat in hierdie tesis gebruik word, is die samestelling van 'n tabel van kategorieë wat dan gebruik word om voorbeeldmateriaal in vyf verskillende Suid-Afrikaanse skoolwoordeboeke te analiseer, vergelyk en evalueer. Die data in hierdie tabel word omvattend aangebied, die resultate word bespreek en daar word dan tot gevolgtrekkings gekom. Die tweede metode maak gebruik van vraelyste wat onder leerders versprei is om uit te vind of hulle bewus was van die ondersteunende funksies van voorbeeldmateriaal in woordeboeke. Die resultaat van die tabel van kategorieë is 'n stel riglyne en aanbevelings aan die hand waarvan geskikte voorbeelde vir gebruik in skoolwoordeboeke gekies of geskep kan word. Die tabel van kategorieë kan ook gebruik word om die voorbeeldmateriaal in bestaande woordeboeke te analiseer en vergelyk. Die uitkoms van die leerdervraelyste toon aan dat leerders wel aktief in voorbeelde na ondersteuning vir die definisie soek, veral as die trefwoord by hulle onbekend is of as hulle nie die definisie verstaan nie. Die gevolgtrekking van hierdie tesis is dat voorbeeldmateriaal 'n belangrike deel van die woordeboekartikel is en dat voorbeelde met sorg gekies moet word om soveel as moontlik ondersteuning te bied sonder om die beskikbare ruimte in die spesifieke woordeboek te oorskry.

Submitted by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2014-09-03T21:39:24Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - versão final.pdf: 949945 bytes, checksum: 034a90decde37c53686eb03acc7a7687 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-09-03T21:39:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - versão final.pdf: 949945 bytes, checksum: 034a90decde37c53686eb03acc7a7687 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-25 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG / Studies conducted in Brazil have shown that the school dictionary is a didactic work that can contribute significantly with the process of lexical acquisition of student, but it is little used in schools. In this sense, the lexicographic proposals of school dictionaries must be aligned to the profile of the audience, for whom they are intended, with a view, therefore, aspects of micro and macroestructure. Therefore, the Ministry of Education (MEC) promoted, on the occasion of the National Plan of the Textbook – PNLD/2006, the provision of public schools with lexicographic collections to be used by the students of the first segment of elementary school. The collections offered by the Government were organized according to the evaluation and selection of dictionaries, carried out by the Commission of scholars and researchers, established by the MEC. It is from this context that this work verifies how and whether the school dictionaries offered by MEC are used in local government schools of Catalão-Go, particularly, in the fourth and fifth years. For both, this research presents brief considerations about matters related to the subject in question, for reasons connected with the Lexicography and Lexicology, such as some concepts of word, the types of dictionaries etc., in order to substantiate the analyses of corpus collected via questionnaires applied to teachers of these grades and informal conversations with professionals from the local government the Secretary of education of Catalão and with coordinators and principals of the participating schools. It is believed that the little use of dictionaries is linked to the lack of training courses for teachers in the area of the lexicon, so the results of this research can contribute to the elaboration of extension courses or specialization for teachers of the local government education. / Estudos realizados no Brasil têm demonstrado que o dicionário escolar é um expediente didático que pode contribuir significativamente com o processo de aquisição lexical do aluno, mas é pouco utilizado nas escolas. Neste sentido, as propostas lexicográficas dos dicionários escolares devem estar alinhadas ao perfil do público a que se destinam, tendo em vista, portanto, os seus aspectos micro e macroestruturais. Por isso, o MEC promoveu, na ocasião do Plano Nacional do Livro Didático – PNLD/2006, o provimento das escolas públicas com acervos lexicográficos para serem usados pelos alunos do primeiro segmento do Ensino Fundamental. Os acervos oferecidos pelo governo foram organizados segundo a avaliação e a seleção dos dicionários, realizadas pela comissão de estudiosos e pesquisadores, instituída pelo MEC. É a partir deste contexto que este trabalho verifica como e se os dicionários escolares ofertados pelo MEC são utilizados nas escolas municipais de Catalão-Go, particularmente, nas salas de 4º e 5º anos. Para tanto, esta pesquisa apresenta breves considerações acerca de assuntos ligados ao tema em questão, atinentes à Lexicografia e à Lexicologia, tais como alguns conceitos de palavra, as tipologias de dicionários etc., no intuito de fundamentar as análises do corpus coletado via questionários aplicados aos professores das referidas séries e conversas informais com profissionais da Secretaria Municipal de Educação de Catalão e com coordenadores e diretores das escolas participantes da pesquisa. Acredita-se que o pouco uso dos dicionários está ligado à inexistência de cursos de formação para professores na área do léxico, assim sendo, os resultados desta pesquisa podem contribuir na elaboração de cursos de extensão ou especialização para os professores da rede municipal de educação.

CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O presente estudo originou-se a partir da constatação de que os dicionários escolares ainda não estão sendo bem aproveitados nas escolas pelos professores de Língua Portuguesa, o que leva os alunos a não saberem utilizar efetivamente esse material. Por isso, neste trabalho, investigamos a relevância do ensino do uso do dicionário escolar, bem como sua proposta lexicográfica, considerando que há uma estreita relação entre as dificuldades em desenvolver as atividades propostas em sala de aula no livro didático, e o vocabulário dos alunos. Com a referida proposta de intervenção pedagógica, desenvolvida no Mestrado Profissional em Letras, na Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (PROFLETRAS - UFU), propusemos o uso de dois dicionários escolares como subsídios didáticos aos alunos de uma turma de 8° ano do Ensino Fundamental de uma escola da rede pública estadual de Catalão/ GO, para que, com a possibilidade de exploração do material, tenham uma reflexão linguística significativa a fim de desenvolver a competência lexical. Para tanto, foi desenvolvida uma pesquisa-ação, dado o seu caráter interventivo e interpretativo. Dessa forma, a revisão teórica se embasou na perspectiva de Biderman (2003), Barbosa (1996), Dias (2004), Farias (2007), Irandé (2012), Krieger (2012), Murakawa (1998), Dolz, Noverraz e Schneuwly (2004) e em documentos como os PCN (1998) e PNLD (2012), entre outros estudiosos. A proposta didática compreendeu: observação do conhecimento e uso dos dicionários escolares pelos alunos, conhecimento das propostas lexicográficas dos dicionários Aurélio Júnior (2011) e Caldas Aulete (2011), enviados pelo MEC e realização de módulos de atividades, a fim de propor aos alunos o uso eficiente dos dicionários escolares como ferramenta didática no dia a dia das práticas em sala de aula. O material produzido pelos alunos com base no uso dos dicionários escolares constituiu os dados para análise da efetividade do trabalho aplicado, evidenciando que a proposta didática de trabalho com o dicionário escolar configurou-se como um instrumento pedagógico indispensável. Diante do exposto, concluímos que o ensino do léxico possibilitado pelo uso do dicionário escolar é viável e deve ser uma constante na escola. / The present study was originated from the fact that the school dictionaries are not yet being exploited by the Portuguese language teachers, that lead the students to not knowing how to use this material effectively. For this reason, in this study, the relevance of teaching how to use a school dictionary is investigated, as well as its lexicographical proposal, considering that there is a straight relation among the difficulties in developing activities proposed in class, in didactic books, and in the students' vocabulary. With the quoted pedagogical intervention proposal, developed in the Masters Professional in Language, at Uberlândia Federal University (PROFLETRAS - UFU), the proposal of use of two school dictionaries as didactics aids to the students of an 8th grade class of fundamental school at a state public school in Catalão/GO is intended, so that, with the material exploration possibility, they have a significant linguistic reflection so to develop lexical competition. For this matter, an actionresearch was developed, due to its interventional and interpretative character. In this way, the theoretical review is based on the perspectives of Biderman (2003), Barbosa (1996), Dias (2004), Farias (2007), Irandé (2012), Krieger (2012), Murakawa (1998), Dolz, Noverraz e Schneuwly (2004) among other scholars, and in documents such as the PCN (1998) and PNLD (2012). The Didactic Sequence comprised: knowledge observation and school dictionaries usage by the students; knowledge of the lexicographical proposal of the Aurélio Júnior (2011) and Caldas Aulete (2011) dictionaries, given by MEC; and fulfillment of activity modules, to propose to the students the efficient use of the school dictionaries as an every day didactic tool for the in-class practices. The material produced by the students based on the use of school dictionaries constitute the data for analysis of the effectiveness of the applied study, evidencing that the Didactic Sequence of the work with school dictionaries was configured as an indispensable pedagogical instrument. On the above, it is concluded that the lexicon teaching enabled by the use of school dictionaries is viable and must be a constant at school. / Dissertação (Mestrado)