As social technologies become more integrated into students’ lives, new means of communication have emerged, along with novel problem behaviors with significant consequences for students’ well-being. One of these is the sending of sexualized images via cell phone, referred to as “sexting”. An understanding of how and why some students choose to sext is important for schools to appropriately prepare for sexting-related incidents. This study explored some of the personal and environmental correlates of the behavior, including gender, thrill-seeking, impulsivity, perceived school experience, and related attitudes about the normalcy and risk of the behavior. Participants were college undergraduates from a large urban university, retrospectively reporting about their high school experience. Results indicated that the majority of students did not send sexts in high school. However, of those who did, students who sexted exclusively with romantic partners had significantly more positive engagement in school. Students with lower feelings of connectedness, academic motivation, and social belonging in high school tended to sext in riskier ways. Additionally, recent high school graduates were asked if and how schools should effectively educate students about the risks of sexting. These perspectives were assessed through survey questions and a focus group discussion session. Results suggested that students do recognize the potential consequences of the behavior, regardless of what teachers tell them. They feel that, rather than using “scare tactics”, school personnel should try to understand the social and relational context in which the behavior occurs. Limitations of this research are discussed, along with implications and recommendation for practice and future research. / School Psychology

A oferta da educação básica à população do campo no Brasil se caracteriza por uma precariedade histórica. Não obstante, entre as reivindicações e conquistas dos movimentos sociais pró reforma agrária, acentuadamente da segunda metade da década de 1980 em diante, destacaram-se os esforços para a construção de uma escola que atendesse a população do campo, comprometendo-se com os ideais de luta pela terra e igualdade social, visando a conscientização do homem do campo em relação aos seus direitos e contribuindo para o contínuo processo de construção e manutenção da cidadania. Este trabalho se propõe a investigar os possíveis impactos da experiência escolar na vida de alguns alunos egressos de uma Escola do Campo, reconhecida como de qualidade através de determinados indicadores, localizada em um assentamento de reforma agrária no município de Araraquara-SP. Por meio de entrevistas semi-diretivas, ouvimos oito ex-alunos da referida escola, buscando saber, principalmente, como eles avaliam essa experiência e que elementos da mesma os influenciaram, contribuindo para as suas condições atuais de vida. A análise dos relatos teve como referência algumas considerações sobre a juventude rural, as relações campo-cidade na vida dos jovens e alguns conceitos elaborados por Pierre Bourdieu que demonstram os limites da educação escolar no sentido de influenciar a trajetória pessoal dos alunos, bem como os argumentos de outros autores que, a nosso ver, complementam essa discussão. Os resultados obtidos indicam que a trajetória escolar e profissional dos egressos é marcada por dificuldades diversas, tais como a distância do assentamento em relação à cidade e a deficiência do transporte público, bem como a ausência de políticas públicas favoráveis aos habitantes do assentamento. Entretanto, os entrevistados ressaltaram a influência positiva da passagem pela escola do assentamento sobre suas trajetórias pessoais. Metade deles, inclusive, em alguma medida, atribui suas escolhas profissionais e/ou acadêmicas a essa experiência. / The provision of education to rural population in Brazil is characterized by a historical precariousness. Nevertheless, among the claims and achievements of the agrarian reform social movements, especially in the second half of the 1980s, there were the efforts to build a school that would serve the rural population. They committed themselves with the ideals of struggle for land and social equality, with the purpose of educate the rural workers regarding to their rights and contribute to the ongoing process of building and maintaining citizenship. This work aims to investigate the possible impacts of school experience in the life of some former students of a rural school recognized as a quality one, through certain indicators, located on a land reform settlement in Araraquara city, State of São Paulo. Through semi-directive interviews, we heard eight former students of the school, trying to learn, particularly, how they assess this experience and what elements of it influenced them, contributing to their current living conditions. The analysis of the reports was based on a few considerations about rural youth, rural-urban relations in the lives of young people and some concepts elaborated by Pierre Bourdieu that indicate the limits of schooling in influencing the personal trajectory of the students as well as arguments of other authors who, in our view, complement this discussion. The results indicate that the school and professional path of the former students is marked by various difficulties, such as the distance between the agrarian reform settlement and the city, the deficiency of public transportation and the absence of public policies in favor to the inhabitants of the agrarian reform settlement. However, respondents emphasized the positive influence of the passage by that particular rural school in their personal trajectories. Even half of them, in some extent, attribute their professional and / or academic choices to this experience.

Essa dissertação tem como tema central a implementação do Ensino Médio Politécnico no Rio Grande do Sul (2012 – 2014). Busca compreender a experiência escolar do estudante no Ensino Médio em um contexto de politécnico. Para isso, delimitou-se como sujeitos desse estudo os estudantes do terceiro ano do Ensino Médio na escola Instituto Estadual Rio Branco de Porto Alegre. Através da aplicação de um questionário com 72 estudantes, foi possível entender como eles avaliam essa reestruturação curricular. Também foram realizadas 10 entrevistas semi-estruturadas com os estudantes. Procurou-se abordar as principais inovações do currículo politécnico: trabalho enquanto princípio educativo, protagonismo, ensino pela pesquisa e interdisciplinaridade. O estudo da experiência escolar destes jovens aponta para os seguintes resultados: observou-se que o ensino pela pesquisa enquanto metodologia conseguiu envolver os estudantes em assuntos que eles gostavam de pesquisar; os estudantes foram mais protagonistas dos seus estudos. Por outro lado, os estudantes avaliaram que o politécnico prejudicou o estudo das disciplinas tradicionais e a preparação para o vestibular. Concluiu-se que a reestruturação curricular do Ensino Médio Politécnico possibilitou uma maior relação de sentido dos jovens com a escola. / This dissertation is focused on the implementation of the Polytechnic High School in the state of Rio Grande do Sul (2012-2014). It is aimed to understand the schoolar experience of High School students under the context of polytechnic teaching. Regarding to that conditions, the third year students from Instituto Estadual Rio Branco of Porto Alegre city were elected as the subjects of this work. Through the application of 72 questionnaires, besides of 10 semi-structured interviews with those students, it was possible to understand how they evaluated the curriculum restructuring. The main innovations of the polytechnic curriculum were discussed: work as an educational principle, protagonism, teaching by research and interdisciplinarity. The study about the school experiences of youths indicates the following results: it was observed that teaching by research, as a methodology, could engage students in subjects they liked to research; the students were more protagonists of their studies. On the other hand, the students evaluated that the Polytechnic was negative for the study of traditional disciplines and in the preparation for the university entrance tests. It was concluded that the curricular restructuring of the Polytechnic High School allowed a greater sense relation between the youth and the school.

A oferta da educação básica à população do campo no Brasil se caracteriza por uma precariedade histórica. Não obstante, entre as reivindicações e conquistas dos movimentos sociais pró reforma agrária, acentuadamente da segunda metade da década de 1980 em diante, destacaram-se os esforços para a construção de uma escola que atendesse a população do campo, comprometendo-se com os ideais de luta pela terra e igualdade social, visando a conscientização do homem do campo em relação aos seus direitos e contribuindo para o contínuo processo de construção e manutenção da cidadania. Este trabalho se propõe a investigar os possíveis impactos da experiência escolar na vida de alguns alunos egressos de uma Escola do Campo, reconhecida como de qualidade através de determinados indicadores, localizada em um assentamento de reforma agrária no município de Araraquara-SP. Por meio de entrevistas semi-diretivas, ouvimos oito ex-alunos da referida escola, buscando saber, principalmente, como eles avaliam essa experiência e que elementos da mesma os influenciaram, contribuindo para as suas condições atuais de vida. A análise dos relatos teve como referência algumas considerações sobre a juventude rural, as relações campo-cidade na vida dos jovens e alguns conceitos elaborados por Pierre Bourdieu que demonstram os limites da educação escolar no sentido de influenciar a trajetória pessoal dos alunos, bem como os argumentos de outros autores que, a nosso ver, complementam essa discussão. Os resultados obtidos indicam que a trajetória escolar e profissional dos egressos é marcada por dificuldades diversas, tais como a distância do assentamento em relação à cidade e a deficiência do transporte público, bem como a ausência de políticas públicas favoráveis aos habitantes do assentamento. Entretanto, os entrevistados ressaltaram a influência positiva da passagem pela escola do assentamento sobre suas trajetórias pessoais. Metade deles, inclusive, em alguma medida, atribui suas escolhas profissionais e/ou acadêmicas a essa experiência. / The provision of education to rural population in Brazil is characterized by a historical precariousness. Nevertheless, among the claims and achievements of the agrarian reform social movements, especially in the second half of the 1980s, there were the efforts to build a school that would serve the rural population. They committed themselves with the ideals of struggle for land and social equality, with the purpose of educate the rural workers regarding to their rights and contribute to the ongoing process of building and maintaining citizenship. This work aims to investigate the possible impacts of school experience in the life of some former students of a rural school recognized as a quality one, through certain indicators, located on a land reform settlement in Araraquara city, State of São Paulo. Through semi-directive interviews, we heard eight former students of the school, trying to learn, particularly, how they assess this experience and what elements of it influenced them, contributing to their current living conditions. The analysis of the reports was based on a few considerations about rural youth, rural-urban relations in the lives of young people and some concepts elaborated by Pierre Bourdieu that indicate the limits of schooling in influencing the personal trajectory of the students as well as arguments of other authors who, in our view, complement this discussion. The results indicate that the school and professional path of the former students is marked by various difficulties, such as the distance between the agrarian reform settlement and the city, the deficiency of public transportation and the absence of public policies in favor to the inhabitants of the agrarian reform settlement. However, respondents emphasized the positive influence of the passage by that particular rural school in their personal trajectories. Even half of them, in some extent, attribute their professional and / or academic choices to this experience.

This master’s research has investigated a sample from the reality of the education in the state of Alagoas, through a case study carried out in a school located far from Maceió downtown. The objective was to question the role of the school when faced with manifestations of bullying, once within this context its presence is justified by using external factors such as the familiar institution, the personality of the person or the society. The theoretical reflections carried out have dialogued with the reflections brought about by Charlot (2000; Id., 2005; Id,2009), Dubet (1994; Id. 2003), Elias (1994; et. al. 2000), Goffman (2004, Id.,2014), Foucault (1996, Id.,2004; Id. 2007; Id. 2008), Eizirik & Comerlato (1995), Sacristan (2005), Arroyo (2013), Ramos do Ó (2007), among others. Together with the information obtained through observations of the daily life of the school and interviews in narrative mode with the teachers, it has been verified that the phenomenon of bullying is a mechanism which validates and naturalizes the logics which organized today‟s society. On the other hand, the school inserted in this society produces discontinuities which harm the development of educational processes which significantly contribute to the overcoming of the logics contained in the bullying practiced inside the school. / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A presente pesquisa de mestrado investigou um recorte da realidade da educação no estado de Alagoas através do estudo de caso realizado em uma escola na periferia da cidade de Maceió. O objetivo foi questionar o papel da escola diante das manifestações de bullying, uma vez que dentro deste contexto se justifica a presença do fenômeno utilizando fatores exteriores como a instituição familiar, a personalidade do indivíduo, ou a sociedade. As reflexões teóricas realizadas dialogaram com as reflexões trazidas por, Charlot (2000; Id., 2005; Id,2009), Dubet (1994; Id. 2003), Elias (1994; et. al. 2000), Goffman (2004, Id.,2014), Foucault (1996, Id.,2004; Id. 2007; Id. 2008), Eizirik & Comerlato (1995), Sacristan (2005), Arroyo (2013), Ramos do Ó (2007), entre outros. Conjuntamente às informações obtidas através de observações do cotidiano da escola e entrevistas na modalidade narrativa com professores e professoras verificou-se que o fenômeno bullying é um mecanismo que valida e naturaliza as lógicas que organizam a sociedade atual. Em contrapartida, a escola inserida nessa sociedade produz descontinuidades que prejudicam o desenvolvimento dos processos educativos que contribuem significativamente para a superação das lógicas contidas nas práticas de bullying dentro da escola.

Essa dissertação tem como tema central a implementação do Ensino Médio Politécnico no Rio Grande do Sul (2012 – 2014). Busca compreender a experiência escolar do estudante no Ensino Médio em um contexto de politécnico. Para isso, delimitou-se como sujeitos desse estudo os estudantes do terceiro ano do Ensino Médio na escola Instituto Estadual Rio Branco de Porto Alegre. Através da aplicação de um questionário com 72 estudantes, foi possível entender como eles avaliam essa reestruturação curricular. Também foram realizadas 10 entrevistas semi-estruturadas com os estudantes. Procurou-se abordar as principais inovações do currículo politécnico: trabalho enquanto princípio educativo, protagonismo, ensino pela pesquisa e interdisciplinaridade. O estudo da experiência escolar destes jovens aponta para os seguintes resultados: observou-se que o ensino pela pesquisa enquanto metodologia conseguiu envolver os estudantes em assuntos que eles gostavam de pesquisar; os estudantes foram mais protagonistas dos seus estudos. Por outro lado, os estudantes avaliaram que o politécnico prejudicou o estudo das disciplinas tradicionais e a preparação para o vestibular. Concluiu-se que a reestruturação curricular do Ensino Médio Politécnico possibilitou uma maior relação de sentido dos jovens com a escola. / This dissertation is focused on the implementation of the Polytechnic High School in the state of Rio Grande do Sul (2012-2014). It is aimed to understand the schoolar experience of High School students under the context of polytechnic teaching. Regarding to that conditions, the third year students from Instituto Estadual Rio Branco of Porto Alegre city were elected as the subjects of this work. Through the application of 72 questionnaires, besides of 10 semi-structured interviews with those students, it was possible to understand how they evaluated the curriculum restructuring. The main innovations of the polytechnic curriculum were discussed: work as an educational principle, protagonism, teaching by research and interdisciplinarity. The study about the school experiences of youths indicates the following results: it was observed that teaching by research, as a methodology, could engage students in subjects they liked to research; the students were more protagonists of their studies. On the other hand, the students evaluated that the Polytechnic was negative for the study of traditional disciplines and in the preparation for the university entrance tests. It was concluded that the curricular restructuring of the Polytechnic High School allowed a greater sense relation between the youth and the school.

This thesis fits into the theme Youth Culture and School Culture, in the Research Line - School Practice and Public Policy, in the Graduate Program in Education at the Federal University of Santa Maria UFSM/RS. The research aimed to understand how teenagers establish relationships of meaning regarding the school experience lived during High School. In this way, the work has as a general objective to analyze the experiences they consider important about their school experience of High School. The specific objectives aim to understand how school interacts with the students cultures at school; to analyze, from the perspective of the students, the meanings of school in their lives; to research the students motivations when attending school and finally, to analyze the experiences that assess how important experienced in high school about school. The thesis is based on the hypothesis that the current conditions of high school by themselves do not offer meanings for the teenagers. Each one must elaborate on his/her own experiences. The collaborators selected for this study are from three (03) High Schools (third year, one class from each school), in the city of Caxias do Sul: two (02) of them are public state schools - one (01) of them is located downtown -, and the third one is a private school. The research developed a qualitative study through written reports by the students, who wrote e-mails about their experiences at high school, about what they consider important to learn in this level of education and their experiences. It is used textual discourse analysis for this investigation. The theoretical basis comes from Dubet s sociological contributions and some theoretical analyzes from numerous researchers of education and sociology that contribute to the understanding of high school and youth cultures present in schools. The school in presented perspective, a major source of socialization, understood as a continuous process of training and preparation of social subjects, which are put into play different attributes for life in society. Although some students cite a passion for studies, like studying, this manifestation is timid compared to most of the writings of the young. Those are prevalent in school obligation, or in view of future projects, or to continue their studies or to enter the working world. Young people highlight the importance of "getting along in school," to attend a good school, get a good education. / A presente tese se insere na temática Cultura Juvenil e Cultura Escolar, na Linha de Pesquisa - Práticas Escolares e Políticas Públicas, do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria- UFSM/RS. A investigação visou a compreender em que medida o jovem estabelece relações de sentidos quanto à experiência escolar vivida no Ensino Médio. Desse modo, o trabalho teve como objetivo geral: analisar os sentidos atribuídos pelos jovens em relação à sua experiência escolar do Ensino Médio. Os objetivos específicos visaram a: compreender como a escola interage com as culturas juvenis no espaço escolar; analisar, a partir da óptica dos estudantes, os sentidos da escola em suas vidas; pesquisar as motivações encontradas pelos jovens em frequentar a escola e, por fim, analisar as experiências que avaliam como importantes que são vividas no ensino médio em relação à escola. A tese se alicerçou sobre a hipótese de que as atuais condições do Ensino Médio por si só não oferecem sentidos para a população jovem, cabendo a cada um elaborar sentidos a partir de suas próprias experiências. Os colaboradores selecionados para este trabalho são oriundos de três (03) escolas de Ensino Médio (terceiro ano, uma turma de cada escola), da cidade de Caxias do Sul: duas (02) escolas públicas estaduais, sendo uma (01) localizada em bairro da região central da cidade e a outra escola em bairro afastado do centro; e a terceira, uma (01) escola particular. A pesquisa desenvolveu um estudo de cunho qualitativo. Procedeu-se a análise da escrita dos alunos, por meio da Análise Textual Discursiva. A escrita dos alunos, constituiu-se na forma de e-mail sobre suas experiências com o ensino médio, sobre o que consideram importante aprender neste nível de ensino e sobre as experiências ali obtidas. Como referenciais teóricos destacam-se as contribuições sociológicas de Dubet e análises teóricas de inúmeros pesquisadores de vertentes educacionais e sociológicas que contribuem para a compreensão do ensino médio e das culturas juvenis presentes nas escolas. A escola é, na perspectiva apresentada, uma grande fonte de socialização, entendida como um processo contínuo de formação e preparo dos sujeitos sociais, em que são postos em cena diferentes atributos para a vida em sociedade. Embora alguns estudantes citem a paixão pelos estudos, o gostar de estudar, essa manifestação é tímida em relação à maioria dos escritos dos jovens. Prevalece que estão na escola por obrigação, ou em vista dos projetos de futuro, seja para dar continuidade aos estudos, ou para se inserir no mundo do trabalho. Os jovens destacam a importância de se dar bem nos estudos , de frequentar uma boa escola, ter uma boa formação.

Essa dissertação tem como tema central a implementação do Ensino Médio Politécnico no Rio Grande do Sul (2012 – 2014). Busca compreender a experiência escolar do estudante no Ensino Médio em um contexto de politécnico. Para isso, delimitou-se como sujeitos desse estudo os estudantes do terceiro ano do Ensino Médio na escola Instituto Estadual Rio Branco de Porto Alegre. Através da aplicação de um questionário com 72 estudantes, foi possível entender como eles avaliam essa reestruturação curricular. Também foram realizadas 10 entrevistas semi-estruturadas com os estudantes. Procurou-se abordar as principais inovações do currículo politécnico: trabalho enquanto princípio educativo, protagonismo, ensino pela pesquisa e interdisciplinaridade. O estudo da experiência escolar destes jovens aponta para os seguintes resultados: observou-se que o ensino pela pesquisa enquanto metodologia conseguiu envolver os estudantes em assuntos que eles gostavam de pesquisar; os estudantes foram mais protagonistas dos seus estudos. Por outro lado, os estudantes avaliaram que o politécnico prejudicou o estudo das disciplinas tradicionais e a preparação para o vestibular. Concluiu-se que a reestruturação curricular do Ensino Médio Politécnico possibilitou uma maior relação de sentido dos jovens com a escola. / This dissertation is focused on the implementation of the Polytechnic High School in the state of Rio Grande do Sul (2012-2014). It is aimed to understand the schoolar experience of High School students under the context of polytechnic teaching. Regarding to that conditions, the third year students from Instituto Estadual Rio Branco of Porto Alegre city were elected as the subjects of this work. Through the application of 72 questionnaires, besides of 10 semi-structured interviews with those students, it was possible to understand how they evaluated the curriculum restructuring. The main innovations of the polytechnic curriculum were discussed: work as an educational principle, protagonism, teaching by research and interdisciplinarity. The study about the school experiences of youths indicates the following results: it was observed that teaching by research, as a methodology, could engage students in subjects they liked to research; the students were more protagonists of their studies. On the other hand, the students evaluated that the Polytechnic was negative for the study of traditional disciplines and in the preparation for the university entrance tests. It was concluded that the curricular restructuring of the Polytechnic High School allowed a greater sense relation between the youth and the school.

The research was directed at developing guidelines for counsellors who work with retained middle childhood learners. The supposition of the study was that retained middle childhood learners require support in accepting the retention. For the purpose of this study a qualitative research approach with an exploratory and descriptive nature was used. The intervention research model of Rothman and Thomas (1994) was applied. A combination of Gestalt philosophical principles, existing literature and semi-structured interviews with educators, educational psychologists and middle childhood learners with experience of grade retention were used to develop guidelines. The researcher concluded that retained middle childhood learners require support in the process of accepting the grade retention. Counsellors who work with retained middle childhood learners lack knowledge on how to support the retained child. Guidelines for counsellors who work with retained middle childhood learners were developed to successfully address the lack of knowledge in the field. / Social Work / (M.Diac.(Play Therapy))

Thesis (MEdPsych)--University of Stellenbosch, 2011. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In the twenty years since Namibia declared independence many changes have taken place, especially in die educational system. One of these changes has been in pre-school education. Public pre-school institutions have been done away with. Only private institutions remain to attempt to furnish the demand in this field. Limited access to pre-school education has an impact on school-readiness as learners from different educational backgrounds start Grade 1 together. The primary purpose of this study is to collect the experiences of Grade 1 teachers, to analise those experiences and to describe them with reference to the diverse pre-school backgrounds of the learners. Grade 1 teachers interact with learners from three backgrounds: those with formal pre-school education; those with non-formal pre-school education; and those with no pre-school education. The Grade 1 teacher's experiences is the problem studied and it is done with reference to these forms of pre-school education. It focuses on the opinions of the teachers as formulated in their own words. A child's environment and early experiences, especially the level of education - or deprival thereof - has a marked effect on learning and development. Education in the early years of childhood can deliver an outstanding return on investment for a country. Phases of education should build on one another using syllabusses and working methods that work together. The logic is that a child should first be able to crawl before learning to walk and thus follow the right steps to the phonetics, spelling and writing required in Grade 1. The cost of neglecting some of the elementary steps will be borne by the Grade 1 teacher when he/she is forced to set time aside to repair the foundation that should have been in laid in the pre-school years. A qualitative research method was used to attain and analise the information in this study. Data was collected by studying relevant literature, using questionaires in interview situations and by conducting interviews with stakeholders. Data was analysed by doing content analysis of the transcripts from individual interviews and focus groups. The research takes the form of an interpretative epistemological construct as it focuses on the essence of the experiences of the Grade 1 teacher. It is an exploratory study that made use of a sample of the designated group. Contributing factors, such as government policy, the curriculum, training of teachers, language, poverty, school, parents and learners, reveal guidelines for improving the classroom experiences of Grade 1 teachers. This can be applied advantageously to the development of the educational sector. The study suggests that teachers and parents should collaborate more closely. It is further suggested that the curriculum be ammended to accommodate learners from diverse backgrounds leading to a more positive experience for Grade 1 teachers. The findings show that the experiences of Grade 1 teachers are not taken into account by many people, especially judging by the available literature. It is important to acknowledge what these teachers experience as well as the role it plays in their classrooms. Their experiences lead to certain reactions and changes. The point made by this study is that Grade 1 teachers display a definitive experience in their classrooms and that it has an effect on their learners. The point of departure is to let the Grade 1 teacher distinguish between the different groups of learners in the classroom and empower him/her to support each individual to ensure a positive experience. Not all teachers will have such a positive experience with a diverse group. Before the burden becomes too heavy alternative teaching methods should be employed. There is a shortage of research in this field and further study on the experiences of the Grade 1 teacher is needed to deepen the provision of support. Although this is a limited study, it can possibly encourage further research. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In die twintig jaar sedert Namibië se onafhanklikheidswording het baie veranderinge in die land plaasgevind, veral in die onderwysstelsel. Een van die veranderinge was die afskaf van openbare voorskoolse instellings. Slegs die private sektor voorsien steeds in dié behoefte. Die beperkte toegang tot voorskoolse onderrig het egter 'n invloed op skoolgereedheid. Die leerders wat Graad 1 betree, kom uit verskillende onderrigsagtergronde. Die primêre doelwit van hierdie studie is om die ervaringe van Graad 1-onderwysers te ondersoek, te analiseer en te beskryf aan die hand van hierdie diverse voorskoolse agtergronde van die leerders. Die Graad 1-onderwyser het te doen met leerders uit drie agtergronde: dié met formele voorskoolse onderrig; dié met nie-formele voorskoolse onderrig; en dié met geen voorskoolse onderrig nie. Met verwysing na dié vorme van voorskoolse onderrig word die probleem van die Graad 1-onderwyser se ervaring in die klaskamer ondersoek. Dit fokus op die opinies van die Graad 1-onderwysers geformuleer in hul eie woorde. 'n Kind se omgewing en vroeë ervaringe, veral die vlak van opvoeding - of die ontneming daarvan - het 'n groot effek op 'n kind se leer en ontwikkeling. Opvoeding in die vroeë kinderjare is 'n belegging wat uitstaande resultate vir die land kan oplewer. Onderwysfases behoort op mekaar te volg met leerplanne en werkmetodes wat aanvullend saamwerk tot die kind se opvoeding. Die logika daaragter is dat 'n kind eers moet kruip voordat hy kan loop en net so behoort 'n kind die regte stappe te volg ten einde gereed te wees vir die klank-, spel- en skryfwerk wat in Graad 1 vereis word. Die afskeep van sekere elementêre stappe kan tot gevolg hê dat die Graad 1-onderwyser waardevolle tyd sal moet afstaan om die basis, wat gedurende die pre-primêre fase (of in die voorskoolse instelling) gelê moes word, dan nou in Graad 1 te lê. Dit beklemtoon die groot taak wat op die Graad 1-onderwyser se skouers rus. 'n Kwalitatiewe navorsingsontwerp is gebruik vir die verkryging en ontleding van inligting vir hierdie studie. Die data insamelingsmetodes sluit 'n literatuuroorsig, onderhoudsvraelyste en onderhoude met die betrokke rolspelers in. Data is geanaliseer met behulp van inhoud-analise van die transkripte uit die individuele en fokusgroep-onderhoude. Die navorsingstipe is 'n interpretatiewe epistemologiese konstruk omdat dit fokus op die essensie van die ervaringe van die Graad 1-onderwyser. Dit is 'n verkennende ondersoek en daar is gebruik gemaak van 'n doeldienende streekproefneming. Uit die aanleidende faktore soos regeringsbeleid, kurrikulum, opleiding van onderwysers, taal, armoede, skool, ouers en leerders kom daar riglyne na vore vir die verbetering van die ervaringe van die Graad 1-onderwyser in die klas. Dit kan met vrug aangewend word in die ontwikkeling van die onderwyssektor. Die studie maak die aanbeveling dat daar 'n nouer samewerking tussen onderwysers en ouers moet wees. Verder word voorgestel dat die kurrikulum aangepas word om diverse leerders te akkommodeer wat positiewe ervaringe vir die Graad 1-onderwyser tot gevolg sal hê. Die bevindinge toon aan dat die ervaringe van Graad 1-onderwysers in hul klaskamers nie deur baie mense in ag geneem word nie, veral as daar gekyk word na die literatuur. Dit is belangrik om te sien wat hul ervaar en watter rol dit speel in hul klaskamers. Hul ervaringe lei tot sekere reaksies en aanpassings wat hulle daagliks beleef. Die punt wat met hierdie studie gemaak word, is dat Graad 1-onderwysers 'n definitiewe ervaring in hul klaskamers openbaar wat só weer 'n uitwerking op die leerders het. Die uitgangspunt is om die Graad 1-onderwyser te laat onderskei tussen die verskillende groepe leerders in die klaskamer en sodoende in staat te stel om elkeen in die klas so te ondersteun vir 'n positiewe ervaring. Nie alle onderwysers gaan altyd met diverse leerders so 'n positiewe siening en ervaring hê nie. Voordat dit vir hul te veel raak moet alternatiewe benaderings en metodes gebruik word om leerders te onderrig. Ook wat hierdie aspek betref, is daar 'n tekort aan navorsing en is verdere ondersoeke oor die ervaringe van die Graad 1-onderwyser nodig, om sodoende die nodige ondersteuning te kan bied. Alhoewel hierdie 'n beperkte studie is, kan dit moontlike verdere navorsing aanmoedig.