Les manuels de FLE sont utilisés au service de l’enseignement du français dans les universités de nombreux pays et notamment au Vietnam. Ils sont des supports de base en classe et les enseignants sont autorisés à emprunter des exercices de compréhension ou d’expression proposés dans ces manuels afin de faire développer les compétences de langue des apprenants. Le retour sur l’histoire de ces manuels montre qu’ils se renouvellent sans cesse via l’actualisation et l’enrichissement des informations, des connaissances et par la présence d’une grande variété d’images. Parmi celles-ci, les photographies de presse sont considérées comme un moyen de communication chargé de capter l’attention et d’accompagner le discours tenu sur un événement, un fait, une information particulière. Nous avons ainsi extrait et analysé toutes les photographies de presse présentes dans les manuels en recherchant systématiquement les symboles, les connotations culturelles susceptibles d’être difficile à comprendre pour les apprenants de culture étrangère. L’étude porte ainsi sur 46 manuels scolaires publiés entre 1994 et 2015 et propose l’analyse qualitative de 284 images de presse. Au-delà de leur fonction illustrative et informative, elles ont aussi pour mission de véhiculer des messages culturels, de représenter les différences entre la culture française et la culture étrangère à travers des symboles culturels plus ou mois implicites. Sans prétendre être exhaustif, cette étude propose un nouveau regard sur la réalité d’une modalité éditoriale. / French manuals are used in teaching French, a foreign language, in many universities in Vietnam. They are basic supporting materials in class, and teachers are authorized to borrow comprehension and expression exercises in these manuals to develop the learners’ language competence.For several decades the manuals have progressively been renewed for updating and enriching information as well as diversifying images. Lots of images presented in these manuals are being used as documents for pedagogical aim or objectives for learning activities. Especially, press photographs, research subject in this study, which are considered as a means of communication, can indeed attract learners’ attention. Besides their informative function, they have another mission, a vehicle for cultural messages, which represent differences between French culture and Vietnamese culture through symbols and cultural implicites. The study concerns 46 textbooks published between 1994 and 2015 and proposes the qualitative analysis of 284 images of press. Aiming to propose a new look at the reality of editorial modality, we have analyzed the press photographs in which cultural connotations are evoked, which are difficult for learners from another culture to comprehend.

La présente étude explore l’application par l’école en Roumanie et en France de deux méthodes de gestion de la diversité ethnoculturelle, notamment l’intégration et l’assimilation. L’école aspire à modeler un bon citoyen en enseignant un socle de valeurs reflétant la tradition culturelle en France et religieuse en Roumanie ; d’une part, les manuels français d’éducation civique, juridique et sociale ainsi que les manuels d’éducation religieuse roumains illustrent une stratégie d’assimilation. D’autre part, l’éducation civique en Roumanie et l’éducation au fait religieux en France reflètent une stratégie d’intégration. L’assimilation est implantée par une pédagogie passive, qui a tendance à créer des élèves passifs, tandis que l’intégration s’appuie sur des méthodes pédagogiques actives, favorisant la formation des citoyens actifs. L’identité culturelle des minorités issues de l’immigration ainsi que des minorités nationales influence leur intégration dans le pays d’accueil, affectant directement la cohésion sociale. L’obéissance et la conformité aux règles, nécessaires pour le bon fonctionnement de la démocratie, représentent uniquement un pas primitif vers l’intégration culturelle, économique, politique, sociale et religieuse, qui est étroitement liée au sentiment d’appartenance et partiellement illustrée par l’acquisition de la citoyenneté. En Roumanie, comme en France, l’assimilation se justifie par le besoin de préserver certaines valeurs traditionnelles, cependant, elle favorise le développement de l’intolérance et de la méfiance, effet qui s’atténue légèrement avec l’âge. La réussite de l’intégration requiert un effort réciproque de la part des minorités ainsi que des personnes non-minoritaires. Tous les citoyens, indifféremment de leurs origines sont encouragés à participer à la construction et à la réalisation du projet national. / This thesis explores the utilisation of integration and assimilation by the Romanian and the French public school in order to manage ethnocultural diversity. The school aspires to create a good citizen through teaching core values that reflect the cultural tradition in France and the religious tradition in Romania; as such, both French Civics textbooks as well as Romanian Religion textbooks reflect a strategy of assimilation. Inversely, Romanian Civics textbooks and French History of religions textbooks illustrate a strategy of integration. In both countries, assimilation is implemented using a passive pedagogy, having a tendency to create passive students, while integration is reflected by active learning methods that aspire to model students into active citizens. The cultural identity of immigrant and national minorities partially determine their integration in the host country, which consequently directly affects social cohesion. Obeying the law and conforming to societal norms, although necessary for the functioning of democracy, both represent solely a primitive step towards cultural, economic, political, social and religious integration, which itself is linked to the feeling of belonging and partially illustrated by the acquisition of citizenship. In Romania as well as in France, assimilation may be justified by the need to preserve certain traditional values; however, this strategy encourages the development of intolerance and weariness, an effect that subsides as children get older. Successful integration requires equal effort from minorities as well as from nationals. All citizens, regardless of their origins, are encouraged to participate in defining and carrying out national objectives.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T16:35:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 marlene.pdf: 3066233 bytes, checksum: f8f7398a09a28ec202b711a8e46fbed2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-04-20 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In this master's degree dissertation, are presented the results of the research held on the reading textbooks written and produced between 1953 to 1957 by Teacher Manoel Bergström Lourenço Filho (1897- 1970), aimed at students of primary public schools of the country. Known as the Pedrinho Graduate Reading Series, consisted of four literature books and a reading primer, namely: Pedrinho (1953), Pedrinho e seus amigos (1954), Aventuras de Pedrinho (1955), Leituras de Pedrinho e Maria Clara (1956), and the primer, Upa, cavalinho! (1957) All published by Companhia Editora Melhoramentos, (SP). For the elaboration of the Series (Lourenço Filho), beyond the texts of his authorship, selected excerpts were taken from work already published by other authors, all of whom appeared throughout the four books of literature in the form of lessons. These textbooks were produced with the intention to stimulate the desire to read with comprehension in a productive form, and the second specifies the actual author on the presentation of the first volume of The first grade to watch the problems of human relations at home, at school, and in the social life (LOURENÇO FILHO, 1961). Approached based upon the assumptions of the Educational History in interface with the books history and the literature, is centered in researched bibliography and documentary. The objective of the present job consists of elaborating in a mapping of the authors chosen by Lourenço Filho to compose the scope of Series. From this survey, only a few authors were highlighted, due to those who contributed more in terms of quantity of lessons published, and identified himself to learn more focus placed on those same lessons. This analyses created possibilities to conclude what, in the historic moment in which what was published and utilized, as selected lectures continued knowing who composed the Primary Education pertaining to various disciplines; however, it was found that Lourenço Filho, whom chose authors to write the Series, emphasized texts that privileged knowledge especially dedicated to the teaching of History and Geography in Brazil as disciplines formed the Brazilian nationality / Nesta dissertação de mestrado, são apresentados os resultados de pesquisa realizada nos manuais escolares de leitura escritos e produzidos entre 1953 e 1957 pelo prof. Manoel Bergström Lourenço Filho (1897 1970), voltados a alunos de escolas primárias públicas do País. Conhecida como Série de Leitura Graduada Pedrinho, era composta por quatro livros de leitura e uma cartilha, a saber: Pedrinho (1953), Pedrinho e seus amigos (1954), Aventuras de Pedrinho (1955), Leituras de Pedrinho e Maria Clara (1956), e a cartilha Upa, cavalinho! (1957), todos publicados pela Companhia Editora Melhoramentos (SP). Para a elaboração da Série, Lourenço Filho, além de textos de sua autoria, selecionou variados trechos de obras já publicados por outros autores e autoras que figuram ao longo dos quatro livros de leitura em forma de lições. Esses manuais escolares foram produzidos com a pretensão de estimular a vontade de ler com compreensão, de forma produtiva, bem como, segundo explicita o próprio autor na apresentação do primeiro volume, ser a primeira série a cuidar dos problemas das relações humanas no lar, na escola e na vida social (LOURENÇO FILHO, 1961). Mediante abordagem baseada nos pressupostos da História da Educação em interface com a História do Livro e da Leitura e centrado em pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, o objetivo do presente trabalho consiste em elaborar um mapeamento dos autores e autoras escolhidos por Lourenço Filho para compor o escopo da Série. A partir desse mapeamento, destaca-se os que mais contribuíram em termos de quantidade de lições publicadas, bem como identificou-se os saberes mais colocados em foco nessas mesmas lições. Esta análise criou possibilidades para concluir que, no momento histórico em que foi publicada e utilizada, as lições selecionadas continham saberes que compunham o Ensino Primário concernentes a diversas disciplinas; entretanto, verificou-se que Lourenço Filho, ao escolher autores para compor a Série, enfatizou textos que privilegiavam especialmente saberes dedicados ao ensino da História e da Geografia brasileiras identificadas como disciplinas formadoras da nacionalidade