In recent years, there have been several proposals for large-scale human genotyping projects in the developing world. The dissertation presented here explores the motivations, opportunities and challenges of initiating locally led, large-scale genotyping projects documenting human genomic variation in the developing world. I analyze two case studies: the Indian Genome Variation Consortium in India and the University of Cape Town, Department of Human Genetics and the African Genomics Education Initiative in South Africa. These case studies, together with similar projects in Mexico and Thailand provide compelling reasons for pursuing these projects: the potential to address local health needs and reduce health care costs; the opportunity to stimulate economic development through investments in genomic sciences, and the availability of unique population resources. In an effort to capture the value of these investments and promote an equal stake in international collaborations, Mexico and India have developed guidelines and laws to protect local human genetic material as a sovereign resource, referred to here as ‘genomic sovereignty’. Critics have suggested that it can impede international collaborations and reduce access to external funding. I provide an in depth analysis of genomic sovereignty and how it may contribute to each country’s aim of achieving health equity through investments in genomics, its relation to heritage and patrimony, and its potential limitations. The debate is critical, as the knowledge generated from large-scale human genomic research will need to be interpreted in larger international collaborative efforts before it can lead to health benefits. Qualitative case study methodology is employed and the primary data source consists of interviews conducted with key informants. The research described here provides a source of empirical description and analysis that is informing the framing of policies, principles and practices on how research infrastructure and capacity are being established for human genomic sciences in developing countries.

In recent years, there have been several proposals for large-scale human genotyping projects in the developing world. The dissertation presented here explores the motivations, opportunities and challenges of initiating locally led, large-scale genotyping projects documenting human genomic variation in the developing world. I analyze two case studies: the Indian Genome Variation Consortium in India and the University of Cape Town, Department of Human Genetics and the African Genomics Education Initiative in South Africa. These case studies, together with similar projects in Mexico and Thailand provide compelling reasons for pursuing these projects: the potential to address local health needs and reduce health care costs; the opportunity to stimulate economic development through investments in genomic sciences, and the availability of unique population resources. In an effort to capture the value of these investments and promote an equal stake in international collaborations, Mexico and India have developed guidelines and laws to protect local human genetic material as a sovereign resource, referred to here as ‘genomic sovereignty’. Critics have suggested that it can impede international collaborations and reduce access to external funding. I provide an in depth analysis of genomic sovereignty and how it may contribute to each country’s aim of achieving health equity through investments in genomics, its relation to heritage and patrimony, and its potential limitations. The debate is critical, as the knowledge generated from large-scale human genomic research will need to be interpreted in larger international collaborative efforts before it can lead to health benefits. Qualitative case study methodology is employed and the primary data source consists of interviews conducted with key informants. The research described here provides a source of empirical description and analysis that is informing the framing of policies, principles and practices on how research infrastructure and capacity are being established for human genomic sciences in developing countries.

Zuzana (23:46): Project is rekonstruction of building number 24 and new building on space of building number 25 (technical condition of this building doesn´t alowed any use) in area of former bata´s factory in Zlín. Big importancy of this area mirrors in way of redefining urbanism and character of reconstruction of n.24. New building recpect this situation with own volume and heigh, but look of the building shows its new presents and high-tech character of functions inside. Project creates a space for three parts of Business centre- teaching centres for actual companies, universal spaces to rent whith laboratories and offices and science centre for Tomas Bata University. Area contains also undergroun parking, restaurant and another retail spaces. Idea is to create atractiv space for work, interaction and relax-all very important factor for difficult psychical work.

Novelty is a widespread notion that has not been given commensurate critical attention. This research is an ethnographically-inclined exploration of practices surrounding the accomplishment of novelty in an institution for which novelty is a central notion: the patent system of the United Kingdom. The research is based on interviews with patent examiners at the UK patent office, interviews with patent attorneys at various legal firms, and documentary analysis of legislation and numerous legal judgments. The thesis brings to bear themes from Science and Technology Studies and ethnomethodology to assess the extent to which they can account for the practices surrounding novelty in the UK patent system. As a fundamental legal requirement for the patentability of inventions, novelty is a central part of the practices of patent composition, assessment and contestation. Rather than being a straightforward technical criterion, however, novelty is shown to be a complex and heterogeneous phenomenon emerging from interwoven legal, bureaucratic and individual practices. The local resolution of whether or not a given invention is new, and the cross-institutional coherence of novelty as a practicable notion, raise questions concerning ontology, accountability, scale and inconcludability, and provide an opportunity for empirically grounded engagement with these longstanding analytical concerns.

This dissertation investigates the ways scientific and biotechnological advancement impact and change Jewish law and ethics. It analyzes the contemporary Jewish bioethical debate concerning the identification of maternity and paternity in four cases of assisted reproductive technologies (ART): in vitro fertilization, gestational surrogacy, cloning, and mitochondrial replacement therapy. Unprecedented modes of procreation engender new definitions of parenthood, challenging a longstanding Jewish framework of theology, law, and ethics. Part I develops a conceptual scaffolding for the discrete analyses of Part II, and considers the philosophical bases of parenthood, the gendered nature of Jewish legal bioethics, the relationship of law and ethics, and ways of relating religion and science. For each case of ART, Part II examines the biological science and technology in historical context, locates Jewish bioethical concerns within the larger bioethical discussion, and critically reviews the epistemological and axiological dimensions of the legally oriented analyses of a select group of leading Jewish bioethicists, chosen for their copious writings on ART and contextualizing oeuvres: Rabbi J. David Bleich, Rabbi Michael J. Broyde, Rabbi Elliot N. Dorff, and the collaborative writings of Dr. John D. Loike and Rabbi Moshe D. Tendler. Insights from Jewish feminist bioethical criticism and other notable Jewish bioethical works enhance the analyses. Through a focused study of the redefinition of parenthood in Jewish law and bioethics, I demonstrate four ways in which advances in science impact Jewish law and ethics. One, scientific awareness leads to greater sophistication and nuance of analysis. Two, Jewish bioethicists grapple with religion and science relations, and speak directly to these overarching considerations. Three, the epistemological and axiological influence of religion and science relations correlate with greater openness to new technologies, theoretical conceptualizations, and their practical applications. Four, advances in science change Jewish legal and bioethical analyses and outcomes through (at least) four possible methodological mechanisms – namely, theoretic holism, innovative interpretation, indeterminate gaps, and realist realignment. Jewish bioethics are thus shown to illumine the intricate interrelationship between religion and science and its impact on Jewish law and ethics.

Approved for public release, distribution is unlimited / The ability to transition technology developments to operational systems is of great importance to the Department of the Navy (DoN). One way to achieve increased transitions is to operate more efficiently - more "like a business." Over the years significant programmatic and policy changes have been introduced in the DoN. One of these changes was the initiation of a new science and technology (S & T) transition process for delivering new capabilities in a more focused manner -- the Future Naval Capability (FNC) process. This thesis examines the FNC technology transition process from a business process perspective. A number of common business parameters are researched and used for comparison to the FNC Process. The goals and objectives of the FNC Process are documented and feedback is obtained from the stakeholder community. Although the FNC Process is new, and remains a work-in-progress, the results of this thesis reveal frustration and concern from all stakeholder communities regarding continued difficulties with the process for delivering new capabilities to the warfighter. In comparing FNC Process parameters to those in the commercial sector this research identifies areas where the FNC operations differ from the private sector. In those areas where useful comparisons can be made the FNC metrics fall short. To realize the increased transitions desired, fundamental changes are still needed. / Civilian, Naval Air Systems Command, United States Navy

A globalização propiciou que novas estruturas de empresas tomassem forma. Visando ampliar seus mercados, as maiores companhias do mundo começaram a internacionalizar suas atividades. As primeiras atividades a serem realizadas fora do país de origem foram as mais simples, como produção, comercialização e distribuição, no entanto, graças ao avanço da tecnologia, ações mais nobres puderam ser realizadas em outras regiões. Essas mudanças estruturais forçaram as empresas multinacionais a ampliar suas fronteiras tecnológicas, passando agora a pesquisar e desenvolver produtos e processos para o mercado global, mas sempre dando o merecido destaque às peculiaridades regionais que muitas vezes decidem quem terá sucesso. A força que a internacionalização das atividades de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento tomou e sua importância tanto para o crescimento da companhia como para o desenvolvimento do país que recebe investimentos destinados a esse fim merecem ser estudadas. Com isso o objetivo desse trabalho é comparar o grau de internacionalização das atividades de P&D nas subsidiárias das empresas estrangeiras localizadas no Brasil com aquelas localizadas na Índia e na China através de indicadores de C&T. / The globalization propitiated that new structures of companies took form. Aiming at success in new markets, the biggest companies of the world started to internationalize its activities. The first activities to be made through of the native country ware simple, as production, commercialization and distribution, however, with the advance of the technologies, nobler actions could have been carried through in other regions. These structural changes forced the multinationals companies to extend its technological borders, passing to search and to develop products and processes for the global market, but giving the deserved emphasis to the regional peculiarities that many times decide who will have success.. The internationalization of the activities of Research and Development and its importance for the growth of the companies and for the development of the country that receives investments deserve to be studied. The objective of this dissertation is to compare the degree of internationalization of the activities of R&D in branch offices of foreign companies located in Brazil with those located in India and China using Science and Technology data.

The present research seeks to investigate how the continuous training for the use of ICT can contribute to the pedagogical practice of mathematics teachers, based on theoretical assumptions of mathematics teaching, as well as the following specific objectives: Identify public policies for continuing education of teachers for the use of ICT that have passed through the municipality of Estância; To describe the ICTs used by teachers of mathematics in the classroom and to analyze the insertion of ICT in mathematics classes by teachers who participated in continuing education courses and their results in the teaching-learning process. In order to reach the proposed objectives, a qualitative research approach was chosen, with a methodological design of a case study using questionnaire and observation techniques applied to teachers who teach the Mathematics discipline in a municipal public school in Estância / SE. For this, a theoretical framework was built, supported by the studies of Borba (2014), Castells (2006), Fazenda (2011), Kenski (2006 and 2007), Lévy (1997), Nóvoa (1995), Triviños ), Rosa Neto (2001), Vasconcelos (2017) among other authors who base the questions about the use of ICT in Mathematics teaching. The realization of this study made it possible to know the context in which the research took place, the actions of the subjects involved and the space of research on ICT as an instrument in the pedagogical practice of the Mathematics teacher. When analyzing the insertion of ICT in Mathematics classes by teachers who participated in continuing education courses and their results in the teaching-learning process, it was possible to perceive that they are used in the practice of teachers, but there are still teachers who remain unrelated to it them as a pedagogical resource. Finding that, in a subtle way, some changes in the pedagogical practice of teachers regarding the use of ICT in their classes were identified. / A presente pesquisa busca investigar como a formação continuada para o uso das TIC pode contribuir para a prática pedagógica de professores de matemática, a partir de pressupostos teóricos do ensino da matemática, bem como, os seguintes objetivos específicos: Identificar as políticas públicas de formação continuada de professores para ao uso das TIC que perpassaram no município de Estância; Descrever as TIC utilizadas pelos professores de matemática em sala de aula e analisar sobre a inserção das TIC nas aulas de matemática por professores que participaram de cursos de formação continuada e seus resultados no processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Para atingir os objetivos propostos optou-se por uma abordagem de pesquisa qualitativa, com delineamento metodológico de estudo de caso utilizando-se das técnicas de questionário e observação aplicadas aos professores que lecionam a disciplina de Matemática em uma escola pública municipal de Estância/SE. Para tanto, foi construído um quadro teórico, tendo como suporte os estudos de Borba (2014), Castells (2006), Fazenda(2011), Kenski (2006 e 2007), Lévy (1997), Nóvoa (1995), Triviños (2012), Rosa Neto (2001), Vasconcelos (2017) dentre outros autores que fundamentam as questões abordadas sobre a utilização das TIC no ensino de Matemática. A realização desse estudo possibilitou conhecer o contexto em que ocorreu a pesquisa, as ações dos sujeitos inseridos e o espaço da investigação sobre as TIC como instrumento na prática pedagógica do professor de Matemática. Ao analisar a inserção das TIC nas aulas de Matemática por professores que participaram de cursos de formação continuada e seus resultados no processo de ensinoaprendizagem foi possível perceber que as mesmas são utilizadas na prática dos professores, porém existem ainda docentes que permanecem alheios a inseri-las enquanto recurso pedagógico. Chegando à conclusão que, de maneira sutil, foram identificadas algumas alterações na prática pedagógica dos professores no que se refere a utilização das TIC em suas aulas. / São Cristóvão, SE

A globalização propiciou que novas estruturas de empresas tomassem forma. Visando ampliar seus mercados, as maiores companhias do mundo começaram a internacionalizar suas atividades. As primeiras atividades a serem realizadas fora do país de origem foram as mais simples, como produção, comercialização e distribuição, no entanto, graças ao avanço da tecnologia, ações mais nobres puderam ser realizadas em outras regiões. Essas mudanças estruturais forçaram as empresas multinacionais a ampliar suas fronteiras tecnológicas, passando agora a pesquisar e desenvolver produtos e processos para o mercado global, mas sempre dando o merecido destaque às peculiaridades regionais que muitas vezes decidem quem terá sucesso. A força que a internacionalização das atividades de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento tomou e sua importância tanto para o crescimento da companhia como para o desenvolvimento do país que recebe investimentos destinados a esse fim merecem ser estudadas. Com isso o objetivo desse trabalho é comparar o grau de internacionalização das atividades de P&D nas subsidiárias das empresas estrangeiras localizadas no Brasil com aquelas localizadas na Índia e na China através de indicadores de C&T. / The globalization propitiated that new structures of companies took form. Aiming at success in new markets, the biggest companies of the world started to internationalize its activities. The first activities to be made through of the native country ware simple, as production, commercialization and distribution, however, with the advance of the technologies, nobler actions could have been carried through in other regions. These structural changes forced the multinationals companies to extend its technological borders, passing to search and to develop products and processes for the global market, but giving the deserved emphasis to the regional peculiarities that many times decide who will have success.. The internationalization of the activities of Research and Development and its importance for the growth of the companies and for the development of the country that receives investments deserve to be studied. The objective of this dissertation is to compare the degree of internationalization of the activities of R&D in branch offices of foreign companies located in Brazil with those located in India and China using Science and Technology data.

全球化趨勢帶動兩岸經貿交流互動，中國大陸從世界工廠成為世界市場，外資紛紛轉往中國大陸投資設廠。然而，因為台灣與中國大陸擁有相同語言及文化背景，也使得台灣企業及科技人才比其它企業擁有更多的優勢及機會。台灣企業大舉投資中國大陸並在中國設立生產基地，台灣科技人才必需扮演中間溝通、技術移轉的角色。而台灣科技人才也將面臨因此現況帶來的機會與挑戰。作者將提出經濟全球化與全球及對兩岸的影響、台灣企業投資大陸設廠及台灣科技人才到中國大陸工作的原因;並透過深度訪談了解台灣科技人才的想法及意見及提出在就業上的建議給台灣科技人才及台灣企業人力資源管理政策上的建議以留住人才、減少因產業外移中國大陸而造成人才流失。 / Globalization helps cross-strait economic exchange. China is transitioning from just being a “world-factory” to also being a “world-market.” Foreign investments have been flowing into China; foreign companies set up branches and factories in China. When Taiwanese enterprises move their production lines to China, Taiwanese S&T talent needs to play roles in communications, training and skill transfers. Taiwanese investors and companies, however, have the advantage over their global competitors of sharing the same language and culture with China, which affords Taiwanese enterprises and talent (skilled workers) more opportunities than other countries. At the same time, there are some challenges that Taiwanese science and technology talent needs to face. The author will first describe the patterns of economic globalization in the world, especially between Taiwan and China. The author will then present some of the reasons that Taiwanese enterprises invest in China engage in science and technology work in China. The author will supplement the trend analysis with details from in-depth interviews with some Taiwanese industry S&T workers to propose suggestions to Taiwanese professionals, to human resource management and for trans-national labor policy -- with a particular eye towards retention of talent and know-how and to avoid “brain-drain”.