Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-16T15:23:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 745606 bytes, checksum: f19b268d555a33a0a131a98d996d81e9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-05 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Paraíba Federal Institute of Technology, Science, and Education IFPB is a part of the Brazilian educational system which has the scientific and technological development as its final activity. It offers technological and professional education in different modalities of teaching and intends to carry out applied research having its human resources organized in groups in order to develop research activities and reinforce knowledge. This research that presents the production indicators of these groups registered at the board of the National Council of Technological and Scientific Development CNPq, and qualified by the IFPB originates from the question: does the IFPB know of the production of its research groups? This questioning takes us to the objective: to get to know the scientific production and the technological results achieved by the research groups. This theme is relevant to the Information Science CI as an area that studies the dynamics of generation, collection, organization, storage, retrieval, interpretation, transmission, transformation, and utilization of information and the relation between information and knowledge leading to studies about technological and scientific production. The object of study is the 24 research groups of the IFPB created by the teaching staff s demands from 1994 onward and named according to the Knowledge Area Table of the Higher Education Staff s Assessment Coordination Capes. The data was manually collected from the résumés that are available at the Lattes Platform from 1994 to 2008 and are displayed by groups classified from 1 to 24 followed by the formation year. The analysis was carried out via the quantitative aspects of the production, dissemination and use of the registered information and applied to production assessment, subdivided into two periods, 1994/2000 and 2001/2008, and by the groups with 10 or more human resources and groups with 5 or less ones. In numerical terms, the groups technological and scientific production presents meaningful indicators with a significant involvement of the students; with the total number of 2.140 journal publications and 536 magazine articles. These media are the most used to disseminate scientific knowledge and technological results. There is 32 software, 5 technological products, and 13 processes or techniques without registration or patent. The groups research projects presented 6 cancelled ones, 106 finished, and 108 in progress. The groups, when developing projects, managed to get partnership and funding from renowned agencies which prove the relevance of the developed projects. We conclude that the production presented meaningful indicators, a result of research development with subsequent publication of the results and that it does not necessarily mean that the quantity of human resources has any direct relation with the production. These indicators justify the activities of the research groups to the IFPB formulate, follow and assess the research policies so that strategies are implemented aiming at a renewal of the researches, the expansion of the quantity of the research groups, and also enabling students and technicians participation as well as motivating the funding by the public aid agencies. / O Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia da Paraíba IFPB é parte do sistema educacional brasileiro, tendo o desenvolvimento científico e tecnológico como atividade fim. Oferta educação profissional e tecnológica nas diferentes modalidades de ensino e se propõe a realizar pesquisa aplicada, tendo seus recursos humanos organizados em grupos, para desenvolver atividades de pesquisa e potencializar o conhecimento. Esta pesquisa, que apresenta os indicadores de produção desses grupos cadastrados no diretório do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico CNPq, e credenciados pelo IFPB, origina-se na pergunta: o IFPB conhece a produção dos seus grupos de pesquisa? Questionamento este que remete ao objetivo: conhecer a produção científica e os resultados tecnológicos alcançados pelos grupos de pesquisa. Esse tema é relevante para a Ciência da Informação - CI como área que estuda as dinâmicas de geração, coleta, organização, armazenamento, recuperação, interpretação, transmissão, transformação e utilização da informação, e a relação que existe entre informação e conhecimento, conduzindo a estudos sobre a produção científica e tecnológica. O objeto de estudo são os 24 grupos de pesquisa do IFPB, criados pelas demandas dos docentes a partir de 1994 e denominados de acordo com a Tabela de Área do Conhecimento da Coordenação de Avaliação de Pessoal de Nível Superior Capes. Os dados foram coletados de forma manual dos currículos que estão disponíveis na Plataforma Lattes no período de 1994 a 2008 e estão apresentados por grupos classificados de 1 a 24, sequenciados pelo ano de formação. A análise foi realizada através dos aspectos quantitativos da produção, disseminação e uso da informação registrada, subdividida em dois períodos, de 1994/2000 e 2001/2008 e pelos grupos com dez ou mais e grupos com cinco ou menos recursos humanos. A produção científica e tecnológica dos grupos, em termos numéricos, apresenta indicadores significativos, com participação expressiva dos estudantes; com um total de 2.140 publicações em anais e 536 artigos em periódicos. Essas mídias são as mais utilizadas para disseminar o conhecimento científico e os resultados tecnológicos. Há 32 softwares, 5 produtos tecnológicos e 13 processos ou técnicas sem registro ou patente. Os projetos de pesquisa dos grupos apresentaram 6 cancelados, 106 concluídos e 108 em andamento. Os grupos, ao desenvolverem projetos, conseguiram parcerias e financiamentos de agências de renome, o que comprova a relevância dos projetos desenvolvidos. Concluímos que a produção apresentou indicadores expressivos, resultado do desenvolvimento de pesquisa com a consequente publicação dos resultados. E que não necessariamente quantidade de recursos humanos tem relação direta com a produção. Esses indicadores justificam as atividades dos grupos de pesquisa para o IFPB formular, acompanhar e avaliar as políticas de pesquisa, para que estratégias sejam implementadas visando à renovação das pesquisas, a expansão da quantidade dos grupos de pesquisa, inclusive, proporcionando a participação de estudantes, técnicos, motivando inclusive financiamento pelas agências públicas de fomento.

The current society called "information society" has as a characteristic the communication at high speed. Thus, with the expansion of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), the way the human being behaves before the world and the other has been altered. In this society, the school environment divides space with computers, internet, tablet, cell phones, etc. Faced with this reality, educators are challenged to rethink their knowledge and teaching methodologies, as well as to review their teaching practices, in order to enable the student to build knowledge in a playful, interactive and critical way. In this perspective, the aim of this research was to understand how teachers of Natural Sciences and Mathematics use the technologies, in High School. Collaborated with the study: six teachers of science teaching and mathematics, thirteen students of the third year of high school and eight specialists in education In an attempt to support this study, we sought support in authors such as Castells, (2006); Freire, (2011); Kenski, (2001, 2003 and 2013); Libâneo, (2004 and 2015); Richardson, (2012); Tardif, (2010) and others that approach the theme. It was decided by qualitative approach, such as a case study, using observation techniques, questionnaire and guided interview. In order to study and interpret the information, we opted for the Bardin content analysis (2011, p.50), considering that this technical of analyzing communications "aims at the knowledge of variables ... through mechanisms of deduction based on indicators reconstructed from a sample of particular messages ". Thus, it was possible to perceive that: there are teachers who remain oblivious to this social reality permeated by ICT; technologies have entered the school environment, teachers and students are engaging in the use of ICT for pedagogical purposes; but it was also visible the permanence of "old practices" that do not reality fit. Against this data, we outline a Technology Pedagogy with the perspective of contributing to significant changes occurring. / A sociedade atual denominada de “sociedade informacional” tem como característica marcante a comunicação em alta velocidade. Assim, com a expansão das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TIC), a maneira do ser humano se comportar diante do mundo e do outro foi alterada. Nessa sociedade, o ambiente escolar divide espaço com computadores, internet, tablet, celulares, etc. Diante dessa realidade, os educadores estão desafiados a repensar os seus saberes e suas metodologias de ensino, assim como rever suas práticas docentes, a fim de possibilitar ao aluno a construção do conhecimento de forma lúdica, interativa e crítica. Nesta perspectiva, buscou-se por meio dessa pesquisa, compreender como os professores de Ciências Naturais e Matemática, utilizam as tecnologias, no Ensino Médio. Colaboraram com o estudo: seis professores do ensino de ciências e matemática, treze alunos do 3º ano do ensino médio e oito especialistas em educação. Na tentativa de subsidiar este estudo, buscamos apoio em autores como Castells, (2006); Freire, (2011); Kenski, (2001, 2003 e 2013); Libâneo, (2004 e 2015); Richardson, (2012); Tardif, (2010) e outros que abordam a temática. Optou-se pela abordagem qualitativa, tipo estudo de caso, com emprego das técnicas de observação, questionário e entrevista guiada. Para o estudo e interpretação das informações optou-se pela análise de conteúdo de Bardin (2011, p.50), tendo em vista que essa técnica de análise das comunicações “visa o conhecimento de variáveis [...] por meio de mecanismos de dedução com base em indicadores reconstruídos a partir de uma amostra de mensagens particulares”. Sendo assim, foi possível perceber que: há docentes que permanecem alheios a essa realidade social permeada pelas TIC; as tecnologias adentraram o meio escolar, professores e alunos estão engajando-se no uso das TIC para fins pedagógicos; mas foi visível, também, a permanência de “velhas práticas” que não condizem com a realidade. Diante desses dados, esboçamos uma Pedagogia das Tecnologias na perspectiva de contribuir para que mudanças significativas aconteçam. / São Cristóvão, SE

Comment penser la relation entre les cultures scientifiques contemporaines et l’usage grandissant de l’ordinateur dans la production des savoirs ? Cette thèse se propose de donner une réponse à telle question à partir de l’analyse historique et sociologique d’un domaine scientifique fondé par le Santa Fe Institute (SFI) dans les années 1980 aux États-Unis : les « sciences des systèmes complexes » (SSC). Rendues célèbres par des publications grand-public, les SSC se répandent au cours des années 1990 et 2000 en Europe et dans d’autres pays du monde. Ce travail propose une histoire de la fondation de ce domaine en se concentrant sur le SFI et sur le Réseau National des Systèmes Complexes français. Avec un regard sociologique ancré dans les Science & Technology Studies et dans le courant pragmatiste, elle pose ensuite des questions sur le statut socio-épistémique de ce domaine, sur les modalités de l’administration de la preuve dans des savoirs fondés sur la simulation numérique et enfin sur les engagements épistémiques tenus par les spécialistes des systèmes complexes. Le matériau empirique – composé d’environ 200 entretiens, plusieurs milliers de pages d’archives et quelques visites de laboratoire – nous amène non seulement à mieux connaître ce champ de recherche – dont le langage est très répandu aujourd’hui, mais peu étudié par les historiens et les sociologues ; il nous porte aussi à questionner trois opinions courantes dans la littérature humaniste à propos des sciences numériques. À savoir : 1) l’ordinateur produit des connaissances de plus en plus interdisciplinaires, 2) il donne vie à des savoirs de type nouveau qui nécessitent une toute autre épistémologie pour être pensés et 3) il fait inévitablement advenir des visions du monde néolibérales. Or, cette thèse déconstruit ces trois formes de déterminisme technologique concernant les effets de l’ordinateur sur les pratiques scientifiques, en montrant d’abord que, dans les sciences computationnelles, les rapports interdisciplinaires ne se font pas sans effort ni pacifiquement ou sur pied d’égalité ; ensuite que les chercheurs et les chercheuses des SSC mobilisent des formes d’administration de la preuve déjà mises au point dans d’autres disciplines ; et enfin que les engagements épistémiques des scientifiques peuvent prendre une forme proche de la vision (néo)libérale, mais aussi des formes qui s’en éloignent ou qui s’y opposent. / How to think the relationship between contemporary scientific cultures and the rising usage of computer in the production of knowledge ? This thesis offers to give an answer to such a question, by analyzing historically and sociologically a scientific domain founded by the Santa Fe Institute (SFI) in the 1980s in the United States : the « complex systems sciences » (CSS). Become well-known thanks to popular books and articles, CSS have spread in Europe and in other countries of the world in the course of the 1990s and the 2000s. This work proposes a history of the foundation of this domain, by focussing on the SFI and on the French Complex Systems National Network. With a sociological take rooted into Science & Technology Studies and into pragmatism, it then asks some questions about the socio-epistemic status of such a domain, about the modalities of production of evidence as they are employed in the context of digital simulation and, finally, about the epistemic engagements hold by complexity specialists. Empirical material – composed by circa 200 interviews, several thousands archival pages and a small number of laboratory visits – allows us not only to improve knowledge about this field – whose language is very common today, but little studied by historians and sociologists ; it also brings us to question three current opinions in the human and social sciences literature regarding digital sciences. That is : 1) that the computer produces more and more interdisciplinary knowledge, 2) that it gives birth to a new type of knowledge which needs an entirely new epistemology to be well understood and 3) that it inevitably brings about neoliberal visions of the world. Now, this thesis deconstructs these three forms of technological determinism concerning the effects of computer on scientific practices, by showing firstly that, in digital sciences, the interdisciplinary collaborations are not made without any effort and in a symetrical and pacific way ; secondly, that CSS’ researchers mobilize a kind of evidence production techniques which are well known in other disciplines ; and, thirdly, that scientists’ epistemic engagements can take (neo)liberal forms, but also other forms that depart from neoliberalism or that stand against it.

Cyber attacks by domestic and foreign threat actors are increasing in frequency and sophistication. Cyber adversaries exploit a cybersecurity skill/knowledge gap and an open society, undermining the information security/privacy of citizens and businesses and eroding trust in governments, thus threatening social and political stability. The use of open digital hacking technologies in ethical hacking in higher education and within broader society raises ethical, technical, social, and political challenges for liberal democracies. Programs teaching ethical hacking in higher education are steadily growing but there is a concern that teaching students hacking skills increases crime risk to society by drawing students toward criminal acts. A cybersecurity skill gap undermines the security/viability of business and government institutions. The thesis presents an examination of opportunities and risks involved in using AI powered intelligence gathering/surveillance technologies in ethical hacking teaching practices in Canada. Taking a qualitative exploratory case study approach, technoethical inquiry theory (Bunge-Luppicini) and Weick’s sensemaking model were applied as a sociotechnical theory (STEI-KW) to explore ethical hacking teaching practices in two Canadian universities. In-depth interviews with ethical hacking university experts, industry practitioners, and policy experts, and a document review were conducted. Findings pointed to a skill/knowledge gap in ethical hacking literature regarding the meanings, ethics, values, skills/knowledge, roles and responsibilities, and practices of ethical hacking and ethical hackers which underlies an identity and legitimacy crisis for professional ethical hacking practitioners; and a Teaching vs Practice cybersecurity skill gap in ethical hacking curricula. Two main S&T innovation risk mitigation initiatives were explored: An OSINT Analyst cybersecurity role and associated body of knowledge foundation framework as an interdisciplinary research area, and a networked centre of excellence of ethical hacking communities of practice as a knowledge management and governance/policy innovation approach focusing on the systematization and standardization of an ethical hacking body of knowledge.

Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-04T12:36:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009 / A pesquisa e o desenvolvimento tecnológico com vistas à inovação contribuíram significativamente para os progressos observados ao longo da últimametade do século XX, influenciando a formação de recursos humanos qualificados e a gestão das instituições de Ciência & Tecnologia. Entretanto, pesquisa, desenvolvimento e inovação são atividades intrinsecamente ligadas. Assim, as políticas de fomento à inovação implicam em apoio à pesquisa técnico-científica e conseqüentemente na manutenção da capacidade técnico-científica das instituições e exige, também, a análise e o constante aperfeiçoamento da gestão da pesquisa e dos programas de fomento à Pesquisa & Desenvolvimento das instituições públicas de pesquisa. Neste sentido, este trabalho se ocupou da análise qualitativa de um programa de apoio às atividades de P&D realizadas pela maior instituição de pesquisa em saúde do país a Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. O objetivo foi a proposição de um modelo de avaliação de bolsas de pesquisa adequado à complexidade organizacional da FIOCRUZ, que sem abrir mão do mérito científico, da produtividade e da eficiência como componentes da avaliação, seja capaz de identificar critérios e indicadores que levem em conta as articulações dos projetos de pesquisa com os objetivos estratégicos da instituição, com as políticas governamentais de estímulo à inovação eo impacto social de suas atividades. Espera-se com o resultado desta proposta contribuir para a efetividade do modelo de gestão de programas de bolsa de P&D na instituição. / The research and technological development with a view to innovation significantly contributed to the progress observed throughout the last half of the twentieth century, influencing the formation of qualified human resources and the management of Science & Technology institutions. However, research, development and innovation are intrinsically linked activities. So, the innovation promotion policies implicate in support to technical -scientific research and consequently in maintenance of technical-scientific capacity of the institutions and also require analysis and a constant improvement of the research management and of Research & Development fomentation programs of research public institutions. In this sense, this work was in charge of the qualitative analysis of a support program to Research & Development activities accomplished by the major health research institution in the country – Oswaldo Cruz Foundation. The aim was the proposition of a research scholarships evaluation model suitable to the organizational complexity of FIOCRUZ , that considering the scientific merit, productivity and efficiency as evaluation components, be capable of identify criteria and indicators which take into account the research projects articulations with the strategic aims of the institution, with governmental policies of incitement to innovation and social impact of its activities. Our hope with the result of this proposal is to contribute to the effectiveness of the Research & Development scholarship programs management model in the institution.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:32:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Eduardo Frare.pdf: 961050 bytes, checksum: ebc8f1878e5b39a9e1c7c67c56a33eed (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-10 / Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa / In the late 1990s, in the context of reform of the Brazilian state was created the model of Social Organization with the aim of expanding the managerial capacity of institutions operating public resources, but whose activities are not exclusive state. In mid 1997, the Brazilian Association of Synchrotron Light Technology - ABTLuS was qualified as an OS to operate the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory - LNLS, organization object of this Case Study. The adoption of the OS model and the requirements for establishing the parameters for results through the Management Contract signed between the ABTLuS and the Ministry of Science and Technology - MCT, has led to new artifacts management were deployed in the LNLS. Among the major contributions of the OS model is the identification of measures to monitor performance in organizations of Science, Technology and Innovation - C, T & I. The survey was conducted using the qualitative method, exploratory and applied using a procedure to collect data, apply in-depth interviews with a member of the Board, four directors or former directors of LNLS, two group leaders and three agents of the external evaluation organization. The collected data were analyzed using content analysis with triangulation. The research identified key performance measures for monitoring the LNLS which were grouped into two perspectives: i) the strategic and ii) of inducing results. The accompanying measures of the strategy are: i) Legitimacy, ii) Research Results; iii) Reliability of Facilities and iv) Open of Facilities. Accompanying measures known inducers of results was composed by the aggregation of the following categories: i) Human Resources, ii) Financial Resources and iii) Managerial Efficiency. Finally, the thesis presents a conceptual model for monitoring the performance measures for organizations, C, T & I and the practical point of view, suggesting a new framework of performance indicators for the LNLS. / No final da década de 1990, no contexto da Reforma do Estado brasileiro, foi criado o modelo de Organização Social com o objetivo de ampliar a capacidade gerencial de instituições que operam recursos públicos, mas cujas atividades não são exclusivas de Estado. Em meados de 1997, a Associação Brasileira de Tecnologia de Luz Síncrotron ABTLuS foi qualificada como OS para operar o Laboratório Nacional de Luz Síncrotron LNLS, entidade objeto desse estudo de caso. A adoção do modelo de OS e as exigências de estabelecer os parâmetros de resultados por meio do contrato de gestão, firmado entre a ABTLuS e o Ministério da Ciência e Tecnologia - MCT, fez com que novos artefatos gerenciais fossem implantados no LNLS. Dentre as principais contribuições do modelo de OS é a identificação de medidas para o acompanhamento de desempenho em organizações de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação C,T&I. A pesquisa foi realizada com o uso do método qualitativo, do tipo exploratório e aplicado, utilizando como procedimento de coleta de dados, entrevistas em profundidade aplicadas com um membro do Conselho de Administração, quatro dirigentes ou ex-dirigentes do LNLS, dois líderes de grupo, e três agentes de avaliação externos à organização. Os dados coletados foram analisados por meio de análise de conteúdo, com triangulação. A pesquisa identificou as principais medidas de desempenho para o acompanhamento do LNLS que foram agrupadas em duas perspectivas: i) a da estratégica propriamente dita e ii) a de indutores de resultados. As medidas de acompanhamento da estratégia foram: i) Legitimidade, ii) Resultados Científicos; iii) Confiabilidade das Instalações; iv) Disponibilidade das Instalações. As medidas de acompanhamento denominadas indutores de resultados foram compostas pela agregação das seguintes categorias: i) Recursos Humanos; ii) Recursos Financeiros; e iii) Eficiência Gerencial. Por fim, a dissertação, apresenta um modelo conceitual para acompanhamento das medidas de desempenho para organizações de C,T&I e do ponto de vista prático sugere-se um novo quadro de indicadores de desempenho para o LNLS.

<p>Recently, the use of cosmic ray muons in critical national security applications, e.g., nuclear nonproliferation and safeguards verification, has gained attention due to unique muon properties such as high energy and low attenuation even in very dense materials. Applications where muon tomography has been demonstrated include cargo screening for detection of special nuclear materials smuggling, source localization, material identification, determination of nuclear fuel debris location in nuclear reactors, etc. However, muon image reconstruction techniques are still limited in resolution mostly due to multiple Coulombscattering (MCS) within the target object. Improving and expanding muon tomography would require development of efficient & flexible physics-based algorithms to model the MCS process and accurately estimate the most probable trajectory of a muon as it traverses the target object. The present study introduces a novel algorithmic approach that utilizes Bayesian probability theory and a Gaussian approximation of MCS to estimate the most probable path of cosmic ray muons as they traverse uniform media.</p> <p>Using GEANT4, an investigation was conducted involving the trajectory of 10,000 muon particles that underwent bombardment from a point source parallel to the x-axis. The proposed algorithm was assessed through four types of simulations. In the first type, muons with energies of 1 GeV, 3 GeV, 10 GeV, and 100 GeV were utilized to evaluate the algorithms’ performance and accuracy. The second type of simulation involved the use of target cubes composed of different materials, including aluminum, iron, lead, and uranium. These simulations specifically focused on muons with an energy of 3 GeV. Next, the third type of simulation entailed employing target cubes with varying lengths, such as 10 cm, 20 cm, 40 cm, and 80 cm, specifically using muons with an energy of 3 GeV and a uranium target. Lastly, all the previous simulations were revised to accommodate a source of poly-energetic muons. This revision was undertaken to create a more realistic source scenario that aligns with the distribution of muon energies encountered in real-world situations.</p> <p>The results demonstrate significant improvements in precision and muon flux utilization when comparing different algorithms. The Generalized Muon Trajectory Estimation (GMTE) algorithm shows around 50% improvement in precision compared to currently used Straight Line Path (SLP) algorithm across all test scenarios. Additionally, GMTE algorithm exhibits around 38% improvement in precision compared to the extensively used Point of Closest Approach (PoCA) algorithm. Similarly for both mono and poly energetic source of muons, the GMTE algorithm shows 10%-35% increase in muon flux utilization for high Z materials and a 10%-15% increase for medium Z materials compared to the PoCA algorithm. Similarly, it demonstrates 6%-9% increase in muon flux utilization for both medium and high Z materials compared to the SLP algorithm across all test scenarios. These results highlight the enhanced performance and efficiency of GMTE algorithm in comparison to SLP and PoCA algorithms.</p> <p>Through these extensive simulations, our objective was to comprehensively evaluate the performance and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm across a range of variables, including energy levels, materials, and target geometries. The findings of our study demonstrate that the utilization of these algorithm enables improved resolution and reduced measurement time for cosmic ray muons when compared with current SLP and PoCA algorithm.</p>