Orientador: Mariley Simões Floria Gouveia / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T13:54:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lucena_AlessandraRodriguesGarciade_M.pdf: 655322 bytes, checksum: 1e1876af15c51ce7f813caa16b9cf59c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: O presente trabalho tem como objetivo promover a reflexação sobre práticas pedagógicas desenvolvidas pela autora ao longo de sua carreira no magistério público com o intuito de identificar e discutir sobre as possibilidades de formação continuada no espaço escolar. Para isso, foi feita uma análise dos elementos que constituem o processo educativo, os quais estão presentes em seu cotidiano, tais como: planejamento, conteúdo, relação professor e aluno, procedimentos metodológicos e avaliação a fim de verificar se houve alterações e se estas influenciaram o trabalho pedagógico promovendo avanços em sua formação continuada. Para auxiliar a análise dos dados, a autora apoiou-se nos seguintes autores: Freire, Martins, Freitas, Fisher e Gouveia. Após a análise dos dados da presente pesquisa, verifiquei que o processo de agir, refletir, planejar, agir novamente, problematizar a prática social, vinculado a minha participação no programa de pós-graduação, possibilitou a compreensção do cotidiano escolar, facilitando a construção de novas propostas de trabalho e, estas ações, foram fazendo parte da minha formação contínua, promovendo um aprender constante / Abstract: The aim of this work is to promote the reflection on pratical pedagogical developed by the autor throughout is career in the public teaching with intention to identify and to argue on the possibilities of continued formation in a school atmosphere. For this, an analysis of the elements was made that constitute the educative process, such as: methodological planning, content, relation teacher and pupil, procedures and evaluation in order to verify if had alterations and if these had influenced the pedagogical work promotiong advances in its continued formation. For this analyse the author got a support in the studies of Freire, Martins, Freitas, Fischer and Gouveia. After the date analyses of the present survev it was verified that the process of doing it, reflecting, planning, making it again, overview the social practice together with this participating in the post-graduation program helped to comprehend the dailv school atmosphere, making it easy to construct new working proposals and this acting make part of my own continued formation promoting a constant learning / Mestrado / Ensino, Avaliação e Formação de Professores / Mestre em Educação

M.Ed. / This study was conducted with the main aim to inquire into the possibilities of the integration of themes on HIV/AIDS into the Natural Sciences (Grades 7-9) and Life Sciences (Grades 10-12) curriculum in such a way that learners can become aware of the danger of an epidemic such as caused by HIV/AIDS, and start to take care of themselves. The researcher also wanted to explore the views of educators as stakeholders’ perseverance and strategies for combating the pandemic spread of the HIV/AIDS amongst our youth and everyone else. It is generally accepted that many schools are already experiencing the effects of the disease as teachers, learners and members of their families fall ill and even die. This often results in the disruption of the normal school programme. At present, the assumption can be made that there is no integration of themes, knowledge and life skills on HIV/AIDS and the Natural Sciences (Grade 7-9) and Life Sciences (Grade 10-12) curriculum, and no teaching about the consequences of this disease. It is clear that HIV/AIDS, Natural Sciences (Grade 7-9) and Life Sciences (Grade 10-12) programmes should be designed to enable young learners to develop the skills, knowledge, attitudes and values that will prepare them to identify and solve problems and make decisions for their own benefit. At the same time, Natural Sciences (Grade 7-9) and Life Sciences (Grade 10-12) help learners to develop basic personal and community health knowledge and skills that would benefit the whole community. They will also learn about their rights and responsibilities and the causes and impact of problems that may affect their health and safety because the HIV/AIDS programmes can also be incorporated into the Natural Sciences (Grade 7-9) and Life Sciences (Grade 10-12) curriculum. Natural Sciences (Grade 7-9) and Life Sciences (Grade 10-12), and themes on HIV/AIDS, link closely to the knowledge and experiences the learners bring with them to school. The programmes should affirm both this prior knowledge and experience, and assist in the development of new life skills out of it. The Department of Education is expecting that the issue of HIV/AIDS should be taught in school. The problem that arises is HOW TO link or integrate HIV/AIDS and Natural Sciences (Grade 7-9) and Life Sciences (Grade 10-12). The educators need to be capacitated through in-service training and workshops to enable them to handle the issue of HIV/AIDS with all the sensitivity it deserves. Where teachers can draw on their relevant professional experiences and expertise to integrate and strengthen their Natural Sciences (Grade 7-9) and Life Sciences (Grade 10-12) skills, they should do so without hesitation. At the same time they should address the development of appropriate life skills and knowledge on HIV/AIDS to deal with the consequences of the disease and how to fight it. / Dr. M.C. van Loggerenberg

This study was conducted in order to understand Grade 10 Life Science teachers’ perceptions and experiences of teaching human reproduction topics in the Ohangwena political region in the northern part of Namibia. It also explored how the culture of the majority of the inhabitants of Ohangwena region who are Oshiwambo speaking impacts the teaching of human reproduction topics. The study was prompted by the fact that the Grade 10 Life Science syllabus requires learners to learn details of human reproduction although in Oshiwambo culture such things are not discussed openly. And this section has proven to be one of the poorly answered sections in the Grade 10 national examinations. A total of thirty five (35) Grade 10 Life Science teachers participated in this study. It is a qualitative case study underpinned by an interpretive paradigm. The unit of analysis for this study was teachers’ perceptions and experiences of teaching the topic of human reproduction. Data were generated through document analysis, questionnaires and tape recorded semi-structured interviews. Such data were analysed inductively by sorting them into categories and then into emerging themes. Categories included teachers’ views and experiences of being taught and teaching human reproduction, how culture influenced the manner in which teaching and learning of human reproduction takes place as stated in the socio-cultural theory, and how teachers of different gender perceived and experienced the teaching of human reproduction according to the feminist standpoint theory. The emerging themes were colour coded and then developed into analytical statements. Data triangulation, member checking, and follow up interviews ensured data validity and trustworthiness. This study revealed that the cultural belief of the Owambo people that prohibits adults to talk to children about things related to sex because it encourages them to practice sex is still strong among individuals in the community including teachers themselves. As a result, teachers are not comfortable with teaching human reproduction topics. From the findings, it is recommended that teachers should be empowered to teach Life Science, specifically human reproduction topics, with confidence. Furthermore, parents should be made aware of the importance of including human reproduction topics in the school curriculum so that they can motivate their children to study it with an open mind.

The teaching of abstract concepts requires higher cognitive thinking skills and thus presents a challenge for most subjects in the curriculum, in particular, science subjects. Teachers often complain that they struggle to develop higher cognitive skills in learners in such topics. As a result, learners fail to understand science concepts and then complain that science is boring and hence lose interest in the subject. The main reason for this study was to investigate how Grade 7 Natural Science teachers mediate the learning of abstract topics, in particular, atoms and molecules which are regarded as the building blocks in chemistry. This study further sought to develop a teaching unit of work on atoms, molecules and the Periodic Table in partnership with the participating teachers, in order to help improve teaching and learning of the topic. The study is located within an interpretive paradigm. Within this paradigm, a qualitative case study approach was adopted whereby two Grade 7 Natural Science teachers in the Khomas Region were the research participants. This approach enabled me to seek for answers beyond the obvious classroom experiences by using document analysis, semi-structured interviews and classroom observation (which were video-taped and transcribed). The theoretical frameworks underpinning this study focused on mediation of learning and social constructivism as expounded by Vygotsky, in conjunction with Shulman’s pedagogical content knowledge. Hence, emphasis was placed on the teaching strategies used by teachers, such as elicitation of prior knowledge during the lessons, language used, interaction of learners and ways how teachers deal with the challenges faced by them in the mediation of learning. An inductive analysis to discover patterns and themes was applied during the data analysis process. The themes were further turned into analytical statements to interpret the data. The validation process was achieved by using a variety of data gathering techniques. I watched the videotaped lessons with the observed teachers and I made use of member checking in the form of stimulated recall interviews and transcripts of the interviews. Thus, a summary of discussions were given back to the respondents to verify their responses and check for any misinterpretations. Different chapters of my study were given to colleagues to read through as a means of the validation process. Herein lies the importance of a critical friend in qualitative research. The findings of the study revealed that concepts of high cognitive demand should not be oversimplified when introduced to learners, as learners might find it difficult to define and conceptualise concepts as they do not have proper insights into the concepts. The findings further illuminated that teachers should develop a strong subject content knowledge as well as pedagogical content knowledge to have the best strategies in place to mediate learning of this topic. The study concludes, with Phase 2, that the exposure of and cooperation between teachers plays an indispensable role in their professional development. Essentially, this enables teachers to make use of different teaching styles as they scaffold learners in the process of making sense of, in particular, abstract science concepts. Finally, this study recommends that teachers need to engage in on-going professional development opportunities and be equipped with suitable learning support and other necessary physical resources, as a way of motivation and to be in a position to deal with all the many challenges they have to face during the mediation of learning.

This study was carried out to investigate how Grade 10 Life Science teachers in three schools in the Omusati region of Namibia are including Environmental Learning (EL) in terms of the curriculum policy. A qualitative approach was used to generate data through document analysis, interviews and classroom observations to investigate the application of the policy of including environmental learning in classroom curriculum practice. The research was primarily directed towards examining constraints and enabling factors in the context of the three schools that participated in the study. The study revealed that teaching strategies for the inclusion of environmental learning were not widely evident, suggesting disparities between the policy of enabling environmental education through the inclusion of environmental learning across the curriculum. It was notable that teacher knowledge and interest in environmental education influence how they include environmental learning and that assessment practices narrow the scope of environmental learning in ways that do not include critical thinking and problem solving skills. The study concludes that despite diverse constraints inhibiting inclusion, the evidence suggests that the inclusion of environmental learning in Namibia’s Life Science curriculum can enable environmental education. The above main findings are used to make recommendations toward strengthening environmental content knowledge of teachers and to improve assessment practices. It was also noted that some of the environmental learning constraints could be transformed into enablers with more teacher support and by making a better link between environmental learning theories and practices. This will involve a redirection of the curriculum documents as well as the provision of other learning support materials to support environmental learning. The study has enabled me to conclude that what is happening should be encouraged so that it continues and is strengthened although the implementation of environmental learning is not as clear as the policy had mapped out.

Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Management Sciences Specialising in Marketing, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa, 2017. / The South African Space Industry is growing rapidly but is lacking in commercialization. Based on the literature review, the industry is not introduced to citizens at the stage at which they begin to plan their careers. Many learners venture into careers due to peer influence and choose careers that they do not have knowledge of. There are also barriers to communication between the industry and the Department of Higher Education, as shown by the fact that there are few high school students who have progressed to participate in the space industry. The main aim of the study was to explore high school students’ awareness of the South African space industry; how career opportunities have been promoted to these students; and what has influenced such awareness, or lack thereof. The objectives of the study were to identify students’ levels of awareness of the South African space industry; to identify students’ perceptions of employment opportunities in the South African space industry; to identify the knowledge of the educational requirements to gain employment in the space industry; to determine the demographic differences of levels of awareness of the space industry in South Africa (male/female, grades 10, 11 and 12, types of schools); and to identify the marketing communication factors that influence students’ levels of awareness about the South African space industry. A quantitative, descriptive study was employed, and structured questionnaires were administered to 171 respondents. Purposive and quota sampling methods were used for the study. The SPSS statistical package (version 23 for windows) was used to analyze the data. The study was conducted in selected high schools located in rural, urban and sub-urban areas within the EThekwini municipality region. In terms of validity, relevant statistical tests were undertaken to ensure the validity and reliability of the instrument. Confidentiality and anonymity was ensured. In term of ethical issues, permission was granted from the KwaZulu Natal Department of Education. Some of the main findings of the study were that the majority of respondents indicated awareness of the space industry as a discipline in the field of science and technology. The respondents had limited knowledge about career opportunities. However, due to inadequate resources in rural schools the respondents’ knowledge about career opportunities was insufficient in these schools. Due to the lack of resources, the respondents did not have sufficient information to choose a career opportunity in space. Furthermore, differences in terms of resources (electricity supply, Internet access, classroom size, furniture and fittings, travelling time to and from school) and the location of school were noted. It was also noted that respondents are unclear about how and where to apply for space-related subjects. The space industry was found lacking in terms of marketing itself in South Africa. Thus, the marketing communication strategy needs to be developed and taken into consideration. It is recommended that the South African space industry should develop more outreach programmes; engage with the Department of Higher Education; sponsor science and technological projects; provide more scholarships; and create a Space Science University (SSU). / M

M.Ed. / For many years, Environmental Education was marginalised in the school curriculum, as it was seen to belong with subjects like geography and biology. This alienated it from the majority of teachers who are not trained in science related subjects. Thus only few pupils, who happened to have studied under science oriented institutions or teachers, were exposed to this field of knowledge. On 24 March 1997, the national Ministry of Education launched a new Outcomes Based Education (OBE) system for South Africa, called Curriculum 2005. This marked the end of different education systems that had existed in South Africa, and also opened new avenues for cross curricular issues such as Environmental Education, which did not form part of the school curriculum in the past. The primary aims of the study are: to investigate ways in which Environmental Education could benefit and support Curriculum 2005; to document the process that led to the infusion of Environmental Education into the school curriculum; and to determine needs and problems of teachers implementing Curriculum 2005 and suggest possible solutions for their problems. The data for this study was collected by using qualitative techniques of consultative synthesis; group open-ended interviews; public forums; field studies; observations and literature research related to different aspects of Environmental Education activities. In addition, a questionnaire was used in four regions that constitute the Northern Cape Provincial Education Department. The realities are that teacher education programmes in many institutions do not include courses in Environmental Education. Education about the environment has not been a visible priority in many countries, including South Africa. As indicated in this study, the situation in the Northern Cape clearly gives evidence of this. On the other hand, teachers had serious misgivings about their competence to teach Environmental Education. The enthusiasm reflected by teachers in the province, their potential and willingness to learn, are but a few indications of the possible success of Environmental Education in the province. The major/main problem identified is the OBE terminology which seems to hamper the implementation of Curriculum 2005. Thus, the success of Environmental Education in South African formal education depends on how well teachers adapt to, understand, are prepared for and committed to Curriculum 2005. I believe that if Curriculum 2005 succeeds, Environmental Education will also succeed. If it fails, Environmental Education will probably fail too, since is regarded as an integral part of the curriculum.

The Texas high school class of 2005 faced a defining test that had no precedent in Texas and little nationally. Social studies testing is a relatively new addition to the world of high stakes testing currently impacting United States high schools. Although other diploma dependent areas of mandated testing have some testing history and, therefore, related paradigms for curriculum and instructional assistance, the area of social studies largely lacks that perspective. Texas Education agency provided specific school grant monies and training for the purpose of preparation for the social studies exams. This quasi-experimental study examines the scores to learn whether or not any statistically significant differences in social studies scores would exist between the schools that participated in the TEKS/Tools Training Program and the schools that did not participate in the TEKS/Tools Training Program. The two primary at-risk groups in Texas, Hispanic and low SES, were analyzed for statistically significant differences in scores. Independent t tests and ANCOVA were used to analyze the score differences between program schools and non-program schools. Results relate to individual school staffing and implementation. The at-risk groups remained flat in score gains whether they were part of the program schools or not. Results relate to differences in learning and teaching for at risk groups. A separate trend analysis was used on the program target school which was the only school with three years of scores to determine improvement from grade 9 to 10 to 11 on the social studies TAKS test scores. Results from the repeated measures analysis indicated a statistically significant linear trend in the program target school's TAKS social studies mean gain scores across the 9th, 10th, and 11th grade levels.

Orientador : Celso Dal Re Carneiro / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T04:04:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Barbosa_Ronaldo_D.pdf: 6179679 bytes, checksum: f9e58239d6d71487ea9e87d7e2781770 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: A inovação educacional é antigo slogan pedagógico que abriga diferentes concepções sobre aproveitamento de novos recursos tecnológicos na escola. Vultosos investimentos são feitos em software e equipamentos sem no entanto alcançar o resultado esperado da "inovação". Para inovar, não basta atender à condição de aporte de recursos ou tecnologias; outros fatores são decisivos. A tese integra a linha de pesquisa denominada Projeto Geo-Escola, que privilegia o aprendizado de Geociências no ensino básico e as tecnologias de informação e comunicação (TICs). A pesquisa explora um modelo de inovação derivado da epistemologia do filósofo e cientista húngaro M. Polanyi e um modelo de estímulo da inovação em empresas - a espiral de conhecimento - desenvolvida por I. Nonaka e H. Takeuchi. Na abordagem, a inovação educacional relaciona-se a duas noções interconectadas: o projeto de aprendizagem com abordagem investigativa e a escola criadora de conhecimentos. A escola criadora de conhecimentos, por sua vez, conecta uma rede de relações que estimula professores, estudantes e gestores a trabalhar juntos, desenvolver aprendizado e elaborar conhecimentos. O substrato da proposta de inovação é múltiplo, porque se fundamenta em: (a) teorias de aprendizagem significativa, passíveis de ser revisitadas pelas oportunidades abertas pelas TICs na Educação, (b) peculiaridade dos raciocínios geocientíficos, (c) finalidades da educação científica e (d) abordagem pedagógica investigativa inspirada em trabalhos de campo em Geologia. O cerne da iniciativa é promover um insight da inovação junto a docentes que desenvolvem projetos multidisciplinares por meio das Geociências com base na realidade local e no interesse dos estudantes e da comunidade. A partir dos primeiros giros da espiral, o Projeto Geo-Escola é criticamente analisado em dois momentos de desenvolvimento: os módulos Campinas e Monte Mor, ambos no Estado de São Paulo. Somam-se às experiências a participação do autor no projeto de formação de professores intitulado Teia do Saber e no módulo São José do Rio Preto, SP. Adaptado à esfera da Educação, com destaque maior ou menor a cada fator analisado, o modelo de inovação extraído do mundo empresarial favorece o planejamento de novos projetos colaborativos entre universidade e escolas públicas. Ao ser encampada, a iniciativa prossegue viva nas mãos e mentes dos professores inovadores das escolas conveniadas, conforme está bem demonstrado nas etapas realizadas em São José do Rio Preto e Monte Mor (SP). / Abstract: Educational innovation is a pedagogical slogan that gathers different conceptions for exploitation of new technological resources in schools. Large investments have been made in software and equipment, but the expected "innovative result" has not been achieved. Therefore, to reach a real innovation, it is not enough to allocate resources or technology, because other factors are decisive. This thesis integrates the research line called Geo-School Project, which develops proposals of educational innovation by focusing on learning of Geosciences in basic education and Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs). The research explores a model of innovation derived from the epistemology of the Hungarian philosopher and scientist M. Polanyi and the model focused on stimulating innovation in organizations - the spiral of knowledge -developed by I. Nonaka and H. Takeuchi. Within this approach, an educational innovation relates to two interconnected notions: the learning project with an investigative approach and schools that create knowledge. The knowledge generated by schools connects a network of relationships that encourages teachers, students and administrators to work together and to develop learning and knowledge structures. The proposed innovation relies in theories of meaningful learning, as revisited by the: (a) opportunities offered by ICTs in education, (b) singularity of geoscientific reasoning; (c) purposes of science education and (d) investigative pedagogical approaches to fieldwork in Geology. The insight of innovation comes from the teachers themselves, who develop multidisciplinary educational projects on Geosciences, based on local realities and the interests of the students and the community. From the first turns of the spiral, the Geo-School Project is analysed in two stages of development: the modules of Campinas and Monte Mor, SP. In addition to these experiences, the author's participation in the design of the "Teia do Saber", a teacher training program, and the module São José do Rio Preto, SP. Each step is presented and discussed through the lens of the innovation model adapted to the educational environment. The innovation model, as extracted from the business world, when adapted to education, helps new collaborative projects between university and public schools. As it is incorporated, the initiative flows through the hands and minds of the innovating school teachers, as it has been well demonstrated in the steps performed in São José do Rio Preto and Monte Mor (SP). / Doutorado / Ensino e Historia de Ciencias da Terra / Doutor em Ensino e História de Ciências da Terra

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