Το θέμα που πραγματεύεται η παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία είναι τα διαλύματα ως αντικείμενο μελέτης των φυσικών επιστημών στους μαθητές του Ελληνικού Δημοτικού Σχολείου. Το θεωρητικό μέρος της εργασίας βασίζεται στη θεωρία της εποικoδόμησης της γνώσης (εποικοδομισμός) που έχει στο επίκεντρο το μαθητή. Η μάθηση θεωρείται προϊόν κοινωνικών αλληλεπιδράσεων που επικρατούν κατά τη μαθησιακή διαδικασία κατά τη διάρκεια της διδασκαλίας. Έτσι λοιπόν, ύστερα από μια ιστορική εισαγωγή ορισμένων θεωρητικών στοιχείων αναφορικά με τα μείγματα και τα διαλύματα, αναφερόμαστε στις νοητικές αναπαραστάσεις των μαθητών σύμφωνα με τη βιβλιογραφία. Επιπλέον, παρατίθενται οι στόχοι αναφορικά με τα μείγματα και τα διαλύματα ανά τάξη που περιλαμβάνονται στα Αναλυτικά Προγράμματα Σπουδών καθώς επίσης και στα Διαθεματικά Ενιαία Προγράμματα Σπουδών. Στο δεύτερο μέρος, δηλαδή το ερευνητικό, παρουσιάζεται η μεθοδολογία της έρευνας, τα ερευνητικά ερωτήματα, το δείγμα των μαθητών που συμμετέχουν σε αυτή, το εργαλείο της έρευνας και τα υλικά που χρησιμοποιήθηκαν για τη διεξαγωγή της. Συνεχίζοντας, στο τρίτο μέρος παρουσιάζονται και αναλύονται τα αποτελέσματα, ενώ τέλος στο τέταρτο μέρος οδηγούμαστε στα τελικά συμπεράσματα της έρευνάς μας καθώς επίσης και σε προτάσεις για περαιτέρω έρευνες και μελέτες. / The subject that it deals with the present diplomatic thesis are the solutions as object of study of natural sciences in the students of Greek Municipal School. The theoretical part of the thesis is based on the constructivism theory knowledge (epoikodomismos) that has in the epicentre of the student. The learning is considered product of social interactions that prevails at the training process at the duration of teaching. Thus therefore, after a historical import of certain theoretical elements in regard to the mixtures and the solutions, we were reported in the intellectual representations of students according to the bibliography. Moreover, are mentioned the objectives in regard to the mixtures and the solutions per order that is included in the Analytic Programs of Study as well as in Diathematika United Programs of Study. In the second part is presented the methodology of research, the inquiring questions, the sample of students that participate in this, the tool of research and the materials that were used for the conduct. Continuing, in the third part the results are presented and analyzed , while end in the fourth part we were led to the final conclusions of our research as well as to proposals on further researches and studies.

No description available.

Cette étude qui a trouvé appui sur les sciences de l’éducation s’est attachée à mesurer les résultats de la politique publique de formation des maîtres déclinée au niveau d’un établissement, implanté dans l’Académie de Montpellier, sur une période de quinze ans, en conjoignant des méthodes d’évaluation selon quatre axes. - L’axe d’observation de l’action publique a recensé les éléments constitutifs de la politique nationale, suivi la construction de la politique de formation, évalué sa pertinence par rapport à son objectif initial, apprécié les résistances. - L’axe d’observation du pilotage de l’établissement a traité de la capacité de la direction à animer la communauté universitaire autour de ce projet en intégrant la complexité du fonctionnement de l’IUFM. Les relations internes au sein de la communauté universitaire et celles avec les partenaires ont fait l’objet d’une attention soutenue. - L’axe d’observation consacré aux usagers a privilégié l’analyse des flux entrants (attractivité des formations, admission des étudiants) et des flux sortants (résultats aux concours). - L’axe d’observation de la formation a permis de vérifier la qualité de la formation organisée par l’établissement, évaluée par rapport à plusieurs référentiels. S’y est ajouté le recueil de l’opinion des fonctionnaires stagiaires sur la construction de leurs compétences. Enfin, l’hypothèse selon laquelle il n’y pas eu d’évaluation globale, locale et «scientifique» conduisant à la décision d’intégrer l’IUFM dans une université a été vérifiée. / This study based on the sciences of education attempts to measure the results of the public policy of the training of teachers carried out in a higher education institution established in the Academy of Montpellier over a period of fifteen years, by combining assessment methods along four axes. - The observation axis of public action lists the constituent elements of the national policy, it follows the building up of the training policy, it assesses its suitability in comparison to the initial target, it rates resistance. - The observation axis of the operational management of this institution deals with the capacity of the management to liven up the university community around this project by integrating the complex functioning of the UFM. The internal relationships within the university community and those with partners have been the object of a steady attention- The observation axis dedicated to the users gives priority to inflows analysis (attractiveness of the trainings, the admission of students) and the outflows (the results in.the competitive exams). - The observation axis of the training has permitted to check the quality of the training organized by the institution assessed in comparison to several reference frames. The collection of the opinion of the state-employed trainees on the construction of their skills has been added. Finally, the hypothesis according to which there has been no global, local nor “scientific” evaluation leading to the decision to integrate the IUFM into a university has been confirmed.

Thesis (M. Ed.)--University of Hong Kong, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 232-243).

Thesis (M.Ed.)--University of Hong Kong, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 232-243). Also available in print.

Η πτυχιακή αυτή εργασία, παρουσιάζει το σχεδιασμό και την εκτέλεση της μελέτης ενός συνδυασμού έντεκα περιπτώσεων. Οι έντεκα αυτές περιπτώσεις είναι μαθητές με διαγνωσμένες ειδικές εκπαιδευτικές ανάγκες ενός ειδικού σχολείου. Υλοποιήθηκε στο Τεχνικό Επαγγελματικό Εργαστήριο (ΤΕΕ) ειδικής αγωγής Πάτρας στο χρονικό διάστημα του σχολικού έτους 2009-2010 και στοχεύει σε τέσσερις αναπηρίες που παρουσιάζουν οι μαθητές του συγκεκριμένου σχολείου. Τη νοητική υστέρηση, την κώφωση, την κινητική αναπηρία και τον αυτισμό. Το θέμα της είναι η διερεύνηση των γνωστικών δυνατοτήτων των συγκεκριμένων παιδιών στα πλαίσια μιας διδασκαλίας της έννοιας «ενέργεια» μέσω του μοντέλου των «ενεργειακών αλυσίδων» (Lemeignan et al, 1997, Κολιόπουλος 2006, Ριζάκη 2006). Στα Ελληνικά σχολεία ειδικής αγωγής, η διδασκαλία της ενέργειας στηρίζεται σε ένα αναλυτικό πρόγραμμα σχεδιασμένο σύμφωνα με τις αρχές της παραδοσιακής αντίληψης (Κολιόπουλος 2006), κάτι που ισχύει και για όλα τα υπόλοιπα γυμνάσια και λύκεια της χώρας. Μια επιστημονική ομάδα που έχει αναπτύξει υλικό κατάλληλο για την υλοποίηση ενός προγράμματος διδασκαλίας με θέμα την ενέργεια, σε αυτή την κατεύθυνση, είναι η ομάδα του Δ. Κολιόπουλου του Πανεπιστημίου Πατρών. (http://energyineducation.blogspot.com) Το υλικό αυτό, έχει χρησιμοποιηθεί με επιτυχία στα γενικά σχολεία, πρωτοβάθμιας και δευτεροβάθμιας εκπαίδευσης, ενώ δεν έχει χρησιμοποιηθεί ποτέ μέχρι τώρα σε σχολείο ειδικής αγωγής. Το βασικό ερώτημα της συγκεκριμένης μελέτης, είναι αν αυτό το υλικό που έχει αναπτυχθεί από την ομάδα Κολιόπουλου, κατάλληλα τροποποιημένο, μπορεί να χρησιμοποιηθεί για τα παιδιά με ειδικές εκπαιδευτικές ανάγκες, στα πλαίσια της ειδικής εκπαίδευσης που παρέχεται στα παιδιά αυτά και συγκεκριμένα στα πλαίσια του μαθήματος της Φυσικής που διδάσκεται στα ΤΕΕ Ειδικής Αγωγής. Μπορούμε να αναπτύξουμε μια σειρά διδακτικών ενοτήτων προσαρμοσμένων στις δυνατότητες των παιδιών με ειδικές διδακτικές ανάγκες που να οδηγήσουν στην οικοδόμηση μιας ποιοτικής μορφής ενεργειακής αλυσίδας; Στόχος λοιπόν της συγκεκριμένης εργασίας είναι η ανάπτυξη μιας σειράς διδακτικών ενοτήτων κατάλληλων για κάθε περίπτωση αναπηρίας, που να οδηγήσουν με όσο το δυνατό πιο αποτελεσματικό τρόπο στη διερεύνηση του αν υπάρχει ή μπορεί να αναπτυχθεί από τα παιδιά με ειδικές εκπαιδευτικές ανάγκες ο τρόπος σκέψης (Γ.Α.Σ.) που είναι απαραίτητος για τη διδασκαλία της έννοιας «ενέργεια» με χρήση ενός συγκεκριμένου εννοιολογικού προτύπου (μοντέλο των ενεργειακών αλυσίδων) με τέτοια χαρακτηριστικά, που το κάνουν συμβατό με την αρχή του σεβασμού των παραστάσεων των παιδιών για τη συγκεκριμένη έννοια. / -

<p dir="ltr">Bias and fairness issues in artificial intelligence algorithms are major concerns as people do not want to use AI software they cannot trust. This work uses college admissions data as a case study to develop methodology to define and detect bias, and then introduces a new method for interactive bias mitigation.</p><p dir="ltr">Admissions data spanning six years was used to create machine learning-based predictive models to determine whether a given student would be directly admitted into the School of Science under various scenarios at a large urban research university. During this time, submission of standardized test scores as part of a student’s application became optional which led to interesting questions about the impact of standardized test scores on admission decisions. We developed and analyzed predictive models to understand which variables are important in admissions decisions, and how the decision to exclude test scores affects the demographics of the students who are admitted.</p><p dir="ltr">Then, using a variety of bias and fairness metrics, we analyzed these predictive models to detect biases the models may carry with respect to three variables chosen to represent sensitive populations: gender, race, and whether a student was the first in his/her family to attend college. We found that high accuracy rates can mask underlying algorithmic bias towards these sensitive groups.</p><p dir="ltr">Finally, we describe our method for bias mitigation which uses a combination of machine learning and user interaction. Because bias is intrinsically a subjective and context-dependent matter, it requires human input and feedback. Our approach allows the user to iteratively and incrementally adjust bias and fairness metrics to change the training dataset for an AI model to make the model more fair. This interactive bias mitigation approach was then used to successfully decrease the biases in three AI models in the context of undergraduate student admissions.</p>

This diploma thesis explores the dissolution of the Law Faculty of the Masaryk University in Brno, which took place after the 1949/1950 academic year. The cancellation of the faculty was finalized by the new Higher Education Act no. 58/1950 Coll., which was passed on May 18, 1950. The act also ruined all traditional academic freedoms in the Czechoslovakia. The Communists claimed that there is no need to have so many lawyers in the new socialistic country. Therefore the legal studies remained only in Prague and Bratislava. Several faculty members were dismissed from the Law Faculty of the Masaryk University right after the overturn in 1948 due to their activity during the previous regime. Those who remained could stay at the university only for two more years. However, after the cancellation of the faculty even those professors were not allowed to pursue their life mission. A majority of them ended up working in the Academy of Sciences. The Law Faculty of the Masaryk University remained cancelled for 19 years.

Trata-se de um levantamento documental e bibliográfico realizado com a finalidade de elaboração de um quadro descritivo das atividades realizadas no Centro Regional de Pesquisas Educacionais de São Paulo (CRPE/SP), durante os anos de 1956 a 1961, período em que Fernando de Azevedo foi seu Diretor Geral. Através do levantamento das pesquisas, cursos e demais atividades desenvolvidas pelo CRPE/SP no período correspondente à sua instalação e primeiros anos de funcionamento, destaca-se a importância de Anísio Teixeira na criação desta instituição que tinha como objetivo central a reconstrução educacional brasileira através da utilização dos conhecimentos provenientes das ciências sociais. No entender de Anísio Teixeira e do grupo de intelectuais que se reuniu em função das atividades que se desenvolveram no Centro ? Fernando de Azevedo, Florestan Fernandes, Dante Moreira Leite, entre outros ? as práticas educacionais alcançariam condições científicas na medida em que se utilizassem do instrumental teórico e metodológico próprio das ciências sociais para a investigação e reflexão a respeito de seus problemas. O trabalho de descrição das atividades desenvolvidas no Centro permitiu a seleção de quatro temas que se mostraram recorrentes nos trabalhos produzidos pelos intelectuais vinculados à essa instituição. São eles: Educação e Ciências Sociais; Desenvolvimento Sócio-Econômico, Mudança Cultural e Educação; Pesquisa Cientifica e Planejamento Educacional; e, Tramitação da Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional. Acrescenta-se ao trabalho descritivo e à apresentação dos temas mais discutidos algumas considerações a respeito do contexto ideológico da época, abordando o desenvolvimentismo do governo Juscelino Kubitschek, a ideologia do desenvolvimento do ISEB e o posicionamento do Centro em relação às discussões que aconteciam. Em decorrência disso, também são destacadas as divergências entre os intelectuais paulistas e isebianos, assim como o vínculo existente entre o Centro e a Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras da USP. Além da utilização da bibliografia existente a respeito do Centro, o levantamento documental realizou-se através da consulta ao Arquivo CRPE/SP do Centro de Memória da Educação da USP; ao Arquivo Fernando de Azevedo do Instituto de Estudos Brasileiros da USP; ao Arquivo Anísio Teixeira do Centro de Pesquisa e Documentação de História Contemporânea do Brasil/CPDOC da Fundação Getúlio Vargas; aos Relatórios Anuais de Atividades do Centro, pertencentes ao Arquivo Histórico do INEP; aos números da revista Pesquisa e Planejamento (boletim do CRPE/SP) e Educação e Ciências Sociais (boletim do CBPE) referentes ao período estudado; e, à série Estudos e Documentos (publicada pelo CRPE/SP). A descrição das atividades do Centro e o estudo do vínculo existente entre esta instituição e a Faculdade de Filosofia da USP possibilitou a avaliação do seu sucesso no cumprimento dos objetivos estabelecidos no início de suas atividades, assim como permitiu avaliar o seu papel no processo de formação de pesquisadores que se dedicariam ao estudos dos problemas educacionais brasileiros a partir de então. / A survey of documents and bibliography was made, for the purpose of elaborating a descriptive overview of the activities occurring in the Centro Regional de Pesquisas Educacionais de São Paulo (CRPE/SP) ? Regional Center for Education Researches of São Paulo ? during the years from 1956 to 1961, the period when Fernando de Azevedo was the General Director. By a survey of the researches, courses and other activities developed by the CRPE/SP, in the period corresponding to its establishment and first years of operation, it is presented the importance of Anísio Teixeira in the creation of this institution that had as its main objective the reconstruction of Brazilian education through the use of knowledge obtained from the social sciences. The concepts of Anísio Teixeira and the group of scholars gathered for the activities taking place at the Center ? Fernando de Azevedo, Florestan Fernandes, Dante Moreira Leite, among others ? were that educational practices would reach scientific status as they used theoretical and methodological means, typical of the social sciences, to investigate and ponder about its problems. The work of description of the activities developed at the Center allowed the selection of four themes that have showed up repeatedly in the work produced by the scholars associated with the institution. They are: Education and Social Sciences; Socioeconomic Development, Cultural Changes and Education; Scientific Research and Educational Planning; and Procedural Steps of the Law of Policies and Basis of Nationwide Education (LDBEN). Added to the descriptive work and presentation of the themes under discussion, there are also considerations about the ideological context of these times, taking into account the drive for development of the Juscelino Kubitschek presidency, the ideology of development of the ISEB and the position of the Center relative to the debates then underway. As a consequence of that, the divergences between \"paulistas\" and \"ISEBian\" scholars are also presented, as well as the bonds existing between the Center and the Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras da USP. Besides using the available bibliography about the Center, the survey of documents was made by access to the Archives of the CRPE/SP in the Centro de Memória da Educação (Center for the Preservation of the Memories of Education) of USP; the Fernando Azevedo Archives in the Institute Brazilian Studies of USP; the Anísio Teixeira Archives of the Center for Research and Documentation of the Recent History of Brazil (CPDOC) of the Getulio Vargas Foundation; the Annual Reports on the Activities of the Center, in the Historic Files of INEP; to issues of the Pesquisa e Planejamento (Research & Planning) magazine (bulletin of the 10 CRPE/SP) and the Educação e Ciências Sociais (Education & Social Sciences) magazine (bulletin of the CBPE) published in the period being studied; and the Estudos e Documentos (Studies & Documents) series (published by the CRPE/SP). The description of the activities of the Center and the study of the bond present between the institution and the Faculdade de Filosofia da USP enabled us to evaluate its success in the achievement of the objectives set at the beginning of its activities, and also allowed an assessment of its role in the process of formation of researchers who dedicated themselves to the study of Brazilian educational problems from that time onwards.

Trata-se de um levantamento documental e bibliográfico realizado com a finalidade de elaboração de um quadro descritivo das atividades realizadas no Centro Regional de Pesquisas Educacionais de São Paulo (CRPE/SP), durante os anos de 1956 a 1961, período em que Fernando de Azevedo foi seu Diretor Geral. Através do levantamento das pesquisas, cursos e demais atividades desenvolvidas pelo CRPE/SP no período correspondente à sua instalação e primeiros anos de funcionamento, destaca-se a importância de Anísio Teixeira na criação desta instituição que tinha como objetivo central a reconstrução educacional brasileira através da utilização dos conhecimentos provenientes das ciências sociais. No entender de Anísio Teixeira e do grupo de intelectuais que se reuniu em função das atividades que se desenvolveram no Centro ? Fernando de Azevedo, Florestan Fernandes, Dante Moreira Leite, entre outros ? as práticas educacionais alcançariam condições científicas na medida em que se utilizassem do instrumental teórico e metodológico próprio das ciências sociais para a investigação e reflexão a respeito de seus problemas. O trabalho de descrição das atividades desenvolvidas no Centro permitiu a seleção de quatro temas que se mostraram recorrentes nos trabalhos produzidos pelos intelectuais vinculados à essa instituição. São eles: Educação e Ciências Sociais; Desenvolvimento Sócio-Econômico, Mudança Cultural e Educação; Pesquisa Cientifica e Planejamento Educacional; e, Tramitação da Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional. Acrescenta-se ao trabalho descritivo e à apresentação dos temas mais discutidos algumas considerações a respeito do contexto ideológico da época, abordando o desenvolvimentismo do governo Juscelino Kubitschek, a ideologia do desenvolvimento do ISEB e o posicionamento do Centro em relação às discussões que aconteciam. Em decorrência disso, também são destacadas as divergências entre os intelectuais paulistas e isebianos, assim como o vínculo existente entre o Centro e a Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras da USP. Além da utilização da bibliografia existente a respeito do Centro, o levantamento documental realizou-se através da consulta ao Arquivo CRPE/SP do Centro de Memória da Educação da USP; ao Arquivo Fernando de Azevedo do Instituto de Estudos Brasileiros da USP; ao Arquivo Anísio Teixeira do Centro de Pesquisa e Documentação de História Contemporânea do Brasil/CPDOC da Fundação Getúlio Vargas; aos Relatórios Anuais de Atividades do Centro, pertencentes ao Arquivo Histórico do INEP; aos números da revista Pesquisa e Planejamento (boletim do CRPE/SP) e Educação e Ciências Sociais (boletim do CBPE) referentes ao período estudado; e, à série Estudos e Documentos (publicada pelo CRPE/SP). A descrição das atividades do Centro e o estudo do vínculo existente entre esta instituição e a Faculdade de Filosofia da USP possibilitou a avaliação do seu sucesso no cumprimento dos objetivos estabelecidos no início de suas atividades, assim como permitiu avaliar o seu papel no processo de formação de pesquisadores que se dedicariam ao estudos dos problemas educacionais brasileiros a partir de então. / A survey of documents and bibliography was made, for the purpose of elaborating a descriptive overview of the activities occurring in the Centro Regional de Pesquisas Educacionais de São Paulo (CRPE/SP) ? Regional Center for Education Researches of São Paulo ? during the years from 1956 to 1961, the period when Fernando de Azevedo was the General Director. By a survey of the researches, courses and other activities developed by the CRPE/SP, in the period corresponding to its establishment and first years of operation, it is presented the importance of Anísio Teixeira in the creation of this institution that had as its main objective the reconstruction of Brazilian education through the use of knowledge obtained from the social sciences. The concepts of Anísio Teixeira and the group of scholars gathered for the activities taking place at the Center ? Fernando de Azevedo, Florestan Fernandes, Dante Moreira Leite, among others ? were that educational practices would reach scientific status as they used theoretical and methodological means, typical of the social sciences, to investigate and ponder about its problems. The work of description of the activities developed at the Center allowed the selection of four themes that have showed up repeatedly in the work produced by the scholars associated with the institution. They are: Education and Social Sciences; Socioeconomic Development, Cultural Changes and Education; Scientific Research and Educational Planning; and Procedural Steps of the Law of Policies and Basis of Nationwide Education (LDBEN). Added to the descriptive work and presentation of the themes under discussion, there are also considerations about the ideological context of these times, taking into account the drive for development of the Juscelino Kubitschek presidency, the ideology of development of the ISEB and the position of the Center relative to the debates then underway. As a consequence of that, the divergences between \"paulistas\" and \"ISEBian\" scholars are also presented, as well as the bonds existing between the Center and the Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras da USP. Besides using the available bibliography about the Center, the survey of documents was made by access to the Archives of the CRPE/SP in the Centro de Memória da Educação (Center for the Preservation of the Memories of Education) of USP; the Fernando Azevedo Archives in the Institute Brazilian Studies of USP; the Anísio Teixeira Archives of the Center for Research and Documentation of the Recent History of Brazil (CPDOC) of the Getulio Vargas Foundation; the Annual Reports on the Activities of the Center, in the Historic Files of INEP; to issues of the Pesquisa e Planejamento (Research & Planning) magazine (bulletin of the 10 CRPE/SP) and the Educação e Ciências Sociais (Education & Social Sciences) magazine (bulletin of the CBPE) published in the period being studied; and the Estudos e Documentos (Studies & Documents) series (published by the CRPE/SP). The description of the activities of the Center and the study of the bond present between the institution and the Faculdade de Filosofia da USP enabled us to evaluate its success in the achievement of the objectives set at the beginning of its activities, and also allowed an assessment of its role in the process of formation of researchers who dedicated themselves to the study of Brazilian educational problems from that time onwards.