This thesis deals with method of activation of didactic games and its application into the teaching process. It's focused on the theoretical description and also on the practical use in the teaching of the French language. This method is introduced as one of the ways how to practice language in funny form, but also to gain new knowledge and language skills. We will describe its major aspects and also its place in the curriculum documents as well. We will emphasize its benefits, but also the possible difficulties in its application into the teaching of foreign language. We will mention the process of the game and the atmosphere appropriate to it's use too. In the practical part we will focus on the activities which are suitable for level A0 to A2 of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages.

This diploma thesis focuses on problems with expressing modality in German language system. It also deals with modality adaptation in contemporary textbooks for teaching German as a foreign language at CEFR level A1-A2. In the beginning the thesis deals with theoretical adaptation of modality and ist possibilities of expressing in grammatical and lexical system of contemporary German Language. The end of theoretical part pays attention to teaching German as a foreign language, especially to problems with grammar arrangement or more precisely modality. The empirical part focuses on analysis of modality presentation in selected textbooks at CEFR level A1-A2 at lower secondary schools and corresponding grammar schools. The attention is aimed at formal, pragmatic and stylistic aspect of presenting the phenomenon, as well as comprehensibility, suitability and reasonability of its adaptation.

Mudar a clássica sala de aula pela cozinha, a carteira pela mesa de jantar; no lugar do lápis a colher-de-pau e no lugar do livro didático um caderno de receitas... O objetivo principal dessa dissertação é propor um curso de língua italiana por meio da culinária que permita ao aluno desenvolver as quatro habilidades lingüísticas de base ouvir, falar, ler e escrever em língua estrangeira nos parâmetros propostos pelo Quadro Europeu Comum de Referência para as Línguas. Para alcançar tal objetivo, o Capítulo I deste trabalho apresenta um breve panorama da culinária italiana, as influências e os sabores que contribuíram para a formação de uma cultura reconhecida mundialmente pela sua culinária. O Capítulo II analisa as teorias de ensino/ aprendizagem centradas no aluno, a didática da ação e a proposta do Quadro Europeu Comum de Referência para as Línguas. A partir da fundamentação teórica apresentada nos dois primeiros capítulos, foi levantada a hipótese de que o aluno brasileiro se identifica com a culinária italiana e essa constitui uma motivação muito válida na aquisição/ aprendizagem da língua italiana ainda na fase inicial de estudo. O Capitulo IIl apresenta o percurso de elaboração do curso: a análise dos livros didáticos, a definição dos objetivos e dos conteúdos e a sistematização das unidades didáticas. O quarto e último capítulo é dedicado à apresentação do curso experimental de italiano por meio da culinária. O curso foi realizado com estudantes de primeiro nível que encontraram na proposta uma oportunidade de conhecer melhor a cultura e os hábitos de um povo, e de adquirir/ aprender os conceitos fundamentais da língua italiana. Aqui é feita a descrição do curso, são apresentadas algumas constatações diante da experiência e os resultados de sua aplicação. As conclusões que seguem a / Swapping the traditional classroom for the kitchen, the desk for the dinner table; instead of the pencil, the wooden spoon, and rather than a Book of Italian, a recipe book... This essay main intention is to propose an Italian as a Foreign Language Course by cooking, while favoring students to develop the four basic skills- speaking, listening, reading and writing in another languageaccording to the Council of Europe Common European Framework. In order to achieve its objective, Chapter I presents an overall sight of the Italian Culinary Arts, with the influences and flavors that helped shape the culture of a country, world widely recognized for its Cuisine. Chapter II analyses the student based teaching/ learning theories, the didactic method and the Council of Europe Common European Framework specifications. From that theoretical background, presented in both previous chapters, the hypothesis that Brazilian students have a connection with the Italian Cuisine has been stated, therefore being a valuable motivation in acquisition/ absorption of the Italian language even in first levels of knowledge. Chapter III explains the sequence for the course preparation: the analysis of the tuition books, definitions of goals and contents and its partition into teaching units. The fourth and last chapter is exclusive for the presentation of experimental cooking classes where Italian as a Foreign Language was taught using the Italian Gastronomy. The subjects were first-level students who, through such proposal, came upon the opportunity of knowing more about the culture and habits of a countrys population, besides gaining basic understanding of the Italian language. It presents the description of those classes, some remarks arisen from the experience and its results. Its following conclusions attest the theory that learning with pleasure always works well.

Η πτυχιακή αυτή εργασία, παρουσιάζει το σχεδιασμό και την εκτέλεση της μελέτης ενός συνδυασμού έντεκα περιπτώσεων. Οι έντεκα αυτές περιπτώσεις είναι μαθητές με διαγνωσμένες ειδικές εκπαιδευτικές ανάγκες ενός ειδικού σχολείου. Υλοποιήθηκε στο Τεχνικό Επαγγελματικό Εργαστήριο (ΤΕΕ) ειδικής αγωγής Πάτρας στο χρονικό διάστημα του σχολικού έτους 2009-2010 και στοχεύει σε τέσσερις αναπηρίες που παρουσιάζουν οι μαθητές του συγκεκριμένου σχολείου. Τη νοητική υστέρηση, την κώφωση, την κινητική αναπηρία και τον αυτισμό. Το θέμα της είναι η διερεύνηση των γνωστικών δυνατοτήτων των συγκεκριμένων παιδιών στα πλαίσια μιας διδασκαλίας της έννοιας «ενέργεια» μέσω του μοντέλου των «ενεργειακών αλυσίδων» (Lemeignan et al, 1997, Κολιόπουλος 2006, Ριζάκη 2006). Στα Ελληνικά σχολεία ειδικής αγωγής, η διδασκαλία της ενέργειας στηρίζεται σε ένα αναλυτικό πρόγραμμα σχεδιασμένο σύμφωνα με τις αρχές της παραδοσιακής αντίληψης (Κολιόπουλος 2006), κάτι που ισχύει και για όλα τα υπόλοιπα γυμνάσια και λύκεια της χώρας. Μια επιστημονική ομάδα που έχει αναπτύξει υλικό κατάλληλο για την υλοποίηση ενός προγράμματος διδασκαλίας με θέμα την ενέργεια, σε αυτή την κατεύθυνση, είναι η ομάδα του Δ. Κολιόπουλου του Πανεπιστημίου Πατρών. (http://energyineducation.blogspot.com) Το υλικό αυτό, έχει χρησιμοποιηθεί με επιτυχία στα γενικά σχολεία, πρωτοβάθμιας και δευτεροβάθμιας εκπαίδευσης, ενώ δεν έχει χρησιμοποιηθεί ποτέ μέχρι τώρα σε σχολείο ειδικής αγωγής. Το βασικό ερώτημα της συγκεκριμένης μελέτης, είναι αν αυτό το υλικό που έχει αναπτυχθεί από την ομάδα Κολιόπουλου, κατάλληλα τροποποιημένο, μπορεί να χρησιμοποιηθεί για τα παιδιά με ειδικές εκπαιδευτικές ανάγκες, στα πλαίσια της ειδικής εκπαίδευσης που παρέχεται στα παιδιά αυτά και συγκεκριμένα στα πλαίσια του μαθήματος της Φυσικής που διδάσκεται στα ΤΕΕ Ειδικής Αγωγής. Μπορούμε να αναπτύξουμε μια σειρά διδακτικών ενοτήτων προσαρμοσμένων στις δυνατότητες των παιδιών με ειδικές διδακτικές ανάγκες που να οδηγήσουν στην οικοδόμηση μιας ποιοτικής μορφής ενεργειακής αλυσίδας; Στόχος λοιπόν της συγκεκριμένης εργασίας είναι η ανάπτυξη μιας σειράς διδακτικών ενοτήτων κατάλληλων για κάθε περίπτωση αναπηρίας, που να οδηγήσουν με όσο το δυνατό πιο αποτελεσματικό τρόπο στη διερεύνηση του αν υπάρχει ή μπορεί να αναπτυχθεί από τα παιδιά με ειδικές εκπαιδευτικές ανάγκες ο τρόπος σκέψης (Γ.Α.Σ.) που είναι απαραίτητος για τη διδασκαλία της έννοιας «ενέργεια» με χρήση ενός συγκεκριμένου εννοιολογικού προτύπου (μοντέλο των ενεργειακών αλυσίδων) με τέτοια χαρακτηριστικά, που το κάνουν συμβατό με την αρχή του σεβασμού των παραστάσεων των παιδιών για τη συγκεκριμένη έννοια. / -

Mudar a clássica sala de aula pela cozinha, a carteira pela mesa de jantar; no lugar do lápis a colher-de-pau e no lugar do livro didático um caderno de receitas... O objetivo principal dessa dissertação é propor um curso de língua italiana por meio da culinária que permita ao aluno desenvolver as quatro habilidades lingüísticas de base ouvir, falar, ler e escrever em língua estrangeira nos parâmetros propostos pelo Quadro Europeu Comum de Referência para as Línguas. Para alcançar tal objetivo, o Capítulo I deste trabalho apresenta um breve panorama da culinária italiana, as influências e os sabores que contribuíram para a formação de uma cultura reconhecida mundialmente pela sua culinária. O Capítulo II analisa as teorias de ensino/ aprendizagem centradas no aluno, a didática da ação e a proposta do Quadro Europeu Comum de Referência para as Línguas. A partir da fundamentação teórica apresentada nos dois primeiros capítulos, foi levantada a hipótese de que o aluno brasileiro se identifica com a culinária italiana e essa constitui uma motivação muito válida na aquisição/ aprendizagem da língua italiana ainda na fase inicial de estudo. O Capitulo IIl apresenta o percurso de elaboração do curso: a análise dos livros didáticos, a definição dos objetivos e dos conteúdos e a sistematização das unidades didáticas. O quarto e último capítulo é dedicado à apresentação do curso experimental de italiano por meio da culinária. O curso foi realizado com estudantes de primeiro nível que encontraram na proposta uma oportunidade de conhecer melhor a cultura e os hábitos de um povo, e de adquirir/ aprender os conceitos fundamentais da língua italiana. Aqui é feita a descrição do curso, são apresentadas algumas constatações diante da experiência e os resultados de sua aplicação. As conclusões que seguem a / Swapping the traditional classroom for the kitchen, the desk for the dinner table; instead of the pencil, the wooden spoon, and rather than a Book of Italian, a recipe book... This essay main intention is to propose an Italian as a Foreign Language Course by cooking, while favoring students to develop the four basic skills- speaking, listening, reading and writing in another languageaccording to the Council of Europe Common European Framework. In order to achieve its objective, Chapter I presents an overall sight of the Italian Culinary Arts, with the influences and flavors that helped shape the culture of a country, world widely recognized for its Cuisine. Chapter II analyses the student based teaching/ learning theories, the didactic method and the Council of Europe Common European Framework specifications. From that theoretical background, presented in both previous chapters, the hypothesis that Brazilian students have a connection with the Italian Cuisine has been stated, therefore being a valuable motivation in acquisition/ absorption of the Italian language even in first levels of knowledge. Chapter III explains the sequence for the course preparation: the analysis of the tuition books, definitions of goals and contents and its partition into teaching units. The fourth and last chapter is exclusive for the presentation of experimental cooking classes where Italian as a Foreign Language was taught using the Italian Gastronomy. The subjects were first-level students who, through such proposal, came upon the opportunity of knowing more about the culture and habits of a countrys population, besides gaining basic understanding of the Italian language. It presents the description of those classes, some remarks arisen from the experience and its results. Its following conclusions attest the theory that learning with pleasure always works well.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:57:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lilian Maria de Oliveira.pdf: 908120 bytes, checksum: 5a6728e19d1b6e86a3ba06b5c6795667 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-10-19 / Colégio Albert Sabin / This study aims to emphasize the importance of using Problem Solving as a focused tool for solving significantly the most diverse mathematical content. For that, it was researched different approaches of Problem Solving and It was analyzed the book "Tudo é Matemática" written by Luiz Roberto Dante and compared with the notebook (the student book) the Curricular Proposal from State of São Paulo, both of them are specific for taught at the 8th-grade, focusing specifically on Notable Products. The theoretical framework was based on the ideas of Chevallard, regarding the Didactic Transposition Theory which focuses on the relation between mathematical scholarship and mathematics teaching, establishing a necessary gap between scientific knowledge and the knowledge built in the classroom. The analysis of the courseware was focused on the techniques of Content Analysis from Bardin, considering the criteria of the Guide Textbook - PNLD 2011. Through the analysis of both materials, it was observed that it is much more possible to face activities of reproduction or repetition of algorithms than activities that involve challenging situations. In this research, the definition of 'Problem' is based on the idea of Echeverría. The author characterizes a Problem as a situation to be solved, for whom it does not have the immediate resources for the solution; but it is needed to articulate concepts and procedures. Therefore, the Problem Solving can be used as a tool to achieving the process of teaching / learning mathematical content, providing a link between concepts that are treated in different representations / O presente trabalho tem como principal objetivo ressaltar a importância de se utilizar a Resolução de Problemas como um meio para se trabalhar de forma significativa os mais diversos conteúdos matemáticos. Para tal, foi realizada uma investigação sobre diferentes abordagens de Resolução de Problemas e a análise do livro didático Tudo é Matemática , de Luiz Roberto Dante estabelecendo uma comparação com o Caderno (do aluno) da Proposta Curricular do Estado de São Paulo, ambos do oitavo ano, focando especificamente em Produtos Notáveis. A fundamentação teórica foi baseada nas ideias de Chevallard no que se refere à Teoria da Transposição Didática que foca na relação entre o professor, o aluno e o saber, estabelecendo um necessário distanciamento entre o saber científico e o saber tratado em sala de aula. A análise do material didático baseou-se nas técnicas de Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin, considerando os critérios abordados no Guia de Livros Didáticos PNLD 2011. Por meio da análise de desses materiais, foi possível perceber que atividades de reprodução ou de repetição de algoritmos se apresentam em maior número e as situações desafiadoras estão em quantidade bem mais reduzida. Neste trabalho de pesquisa, a definição de problema tem como base a ideia de Echeverría que caracteriza um problema como sendo uma situação que se pretende resolver, porém não se dispõe de recursos imediatos para a solução, o que necessário articular conceitos e procedimentos. Portanto, a Resolução de Problemas pode ser utilizada como um meio para a concretização do processo de ensino/aprendizagem de conteúdos matemáticos, proporcionando a articulação entre conceitos que são tratados em diferentes representações

Den här studien behandlar hur lärare arbetar med olika didaktiska metoder för elevers läsinlärning. Syftet är att utreda vilken eller vilka läsinlärningsmetoder 24 verksamma F-3 lärare i Sverige säger sig använda samt om de upplever sig besitta tillräcklig kunskap om vald metod och hur de har fått kunskap om den eller dem. Frågeställningarna är således: vilken didaktisk metod använder lärare vid läsinlärning i yngre åldrar? Upplever lärarna sig ha tillräcklig kunskap om vald metod/metoder? Vad uppger lärarna om på vilket sätt de har tillägnat sig denna kunskap? Metodansatsen för studien är kvalitativ då tidigare forskning om läsinlärning har satts i kontext med insamlad empiri i form av enkätundersökning och intervjuer. Respondenterna är avidentifierade och anonymiserade för att dessa inte ska spåras. Resultatet av enkätundersökningen och intervjuerna visar att lärarna som deltog kombinerar olika didaktiska metoder för att öka elevers läsinlärningsprogression. Resultatet visar även att lärare säger sig ha kunskaper om metoderna de använder, dock vill majoriteten av respondenterna utveckla sina kunskaper genom kompetensutveckling. En annan faktor är även vikten av att föra reflekterande samtal med kollegor för att öka sina egna kunskaper och professionen i läraryrket. Slutsatsen är således att lärarna i studien gör medvetna val av didaktiska metoder och de besitter kunskaper kring metoderna.