Forty-seven gifted and non-gifted African American and Caucasian students in grades third through fifth were rated by their teachers on the Universal Academic, Cognitive, Creativity, and Emotion Screening Scale (UACCESS) (McCallum & Bracken, in press). Internal consistency was high with Chronbach’s alphas ranging from .97 to .99 and correlation coefficients for the six scales ranged from .42 to .92. Factorial MANOVA’s for each composite scale showed no significant score differences between African American and Caucasian students. There was a significant difference in scores based on placement, with higher scores in favor of gifted students on both the General Aptitude Composite (Wilk’s Lambda=. 70, F(3,41) = 5.87, p <. 01 and the Specific Academic Aptitude Composite (Wilk’s Lambda=. 73, F(3,41) = 5.03, p <. 01. There were no interaction effects for placement x race. A discriminant analysis using the six UACCESS scales resulted in 76.6% of participants being correctly classified as gifted or non-gifted. There were no score differences across gender. Based on the results of this study, the UACCESS shows some promise as an effective gifted screening instrument to supplement the referral/nomination process.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-06T22:59:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 1997 / Existem evidencias de aumento na prevalencia de transtornos depressivos na populacao geral e de que tem havido incidencia progressivamente mais precoce de depressao no transcorrer deste seculo. A grande maioria dos trabalhos cientificos sobre depressao nao focaliza especificamente populacoes de adolescentes e adultos jovens, sendo a literatura mais escassa ainda quando se trata de populacoes clinicas. Embora exista um grande contingente de estudos a respeito de farmacodependencia nesta faixa etaria, poucos se detem nos aspectos relativos a comorbidade psiquiatrica e as dificuldades diagnosticas nesta populacao. As escalas de rastreamento populacional para depressao tem sido amplamente utilizadas em etapas iniciais de identificacao de casos em levantamentos epidemiologicos, a despeito dos questionamentos sobre a concordancia do desempenho destas escalas com resultados de procedimentos diagnosticos mais complexos realizados em uma segunda etapa. Alem disto, poucos estudos examinaram o desempenho destas escalas em populacoes de adolescentes e adultos jovens, sendo a literatura cientifica extremamente restrita quando se trata de populacoes clinicas. Utilizamos neste estudo a CES-D, escala para depressao do Centro de Estudos Epidemiologicos dos EUA, por ser uma das escalas de rastreamento populacional mais utilizadas nos ultimos vinte anos. Propusemo-nos a estudar as propriedades psicometricas e a estrutura fatorial da escala em duas populacoes de adolescentes e adultos jovens. Uma populacao de 523 estudantes universitarios da cidade de São Paulo e uma amostra de 50 farmacodependentes que procuraram tratamento em um ambulatorio da rede publica assistencial (PROAD) responderam a CES-D. A amostra de farmacodependentes e uma sub-amostra da populacao de estudantes foram tambem submetidas a uma entrevista psiquiatrica. Avaliamos o desempenho da escala de rastreamento comparativamente ao diagnostico psiquiatrico segundo o RDC (Research Diagnostic Criteria) nas duas amostras. Comparando-se os dois grupos, as estimativas de prevalencia entre os estudantes universitarios foram de 7,9 % para transtornos depressivos atuais e de 19 % para transtornos depressivos ao longo da vida, enquanto que entre os farmacodependentes encontramos frequencias de 32 % para transtornos depressivos atuais e de 44 % para transtornos depressivos ao longo da vida. Com relacao a escala de rastreamento, concluimos que entre os estudantes universitarios (populacao nao clinica) a escala apresentou melhor desempenho quando utilizamos o ponto de corte 15, contrastando com a amostra de farmacodependentes (populacao clinica), na qual o ponto de corte 24 correspondeu ao melhor desempenho da escala. Quanto ao estudo da estrutura da escala, duas questoes da CES-D foram excluidas por apresentarem baixa correlacao com a 18 questoes remanescentes. Entretanto, a CES-D apresentou boa consistencia interna (alfa de Cronbach=0,85) e a analise da estrutura fatorial resultou em solucao de quatro dimensoes da escala, demonstrando assim relativa estabilidade quando utilizada em populacoes jovens em nosso meio. Baseando-nos nestes resultados, concluimos que a CES-D pode ser de utilidade em uma primeira etapa de levantamento de casos, desde que sejam consideradas algumas de suas limitacoes. Finalmente, levantamos algumas sugestoes a respeito da utilizacao deste tipo de instrumento em populacoes distintas daquelas para as quais foram concebidos. / An increase in prevalence and an earlier age of onset of depression throughout the twentieth century has been documented. Nevertheless, most scientific literature on depression do not focus specifically on adolescents or young adults. Depression studies involving populations of youngsters are even more difficult to find. Although there are many studies on addiction among young adults and adolescents, only a few go deeper in discussing comorbidity issues and diagnostic problems within these groups. Screening scales have been widely used as a first step tool for case identification in epidemiological surveys, despite the fact that some studies raised the problems of poor agreement between the results of scale screening and second step diagnostic procedures. Furthermore, validation studies of these scales are still lacking for both clinical and non-clinical populations of youngsters. In the present study we used the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) , one of the most used depression screening tools in the two last decades, aiming to evaluate its psychometric performance and factor structure when used with two different populations of young adults and adolescents. Fifty drug addicts attending a public outward clinic (PROAD) and 523 college students in the city of São Paulo were administered the scale. All drug addicts and a sample of college students underwent psychiatric interviews aiming to assess psychiatric diagnosis according to Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC). Psychiatric diagnosis were used as a gold standard for evaluating CES-D performance in both samples. Among college students we found an estimated prevalence of 7.9 % for present depressive disorders and 19 % for lifetime depressive disorders. Among substance addicts, 32 % were diagnosed as being presently depressed and 44 % met diagnostic criteria for lifetime diagnosis of depression. While studying the concurrent validity of CES-D we observed that the scale was at its best performance when using a cut-off of 15 among college students and a cut-off of 24 when among addicts. Structure analysis evidenced that two questions could be excluded from the scale since they displayed low correlation with the remaining 18 questions. Nevertheless, internal consistency of the scale was high (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.85) and factor analysis resulted in a four dimension solution, findings which are similar to those found in previous studies involving general population. Despite some limitations, we concluded CES-D can be a useful tool to be used as a first step screening instrument for depression case identification among young adults and adolescents. Finally, we also pointed out some difficulties which may arrive when using an instrument under different conditions for which it was originally meant to be used. / BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-01-28T14:23:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 danielalexandregouveagomes.pdf: 1397863 bytes, checksum: c8dd2724000b5ba816907d9cb9b77578 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-01-28T14:25:16Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 danielalexandregouveagomes.pdf: 1397863 bytes, checksum: c8dd2724000b5ba816907d9cb9b77578 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-28T14:25:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 danielalexandregouveagomes.pdf: 1397863 bytes, checksum: c8dd2724000b5ba816907d9cb9b77578 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-01-31 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O Transtorno de Ansiedade Social (TAS) é uma patologia muito comum nos dias atuais, figurando como o principal transtorno de ansiedade e uma das doenças mentais mais prevalentes na população mundial. É caracterizada por medo ou ansiedade excessiva e constante diante de situações sociais, que podem ser de desempenho, de interação ou de observação, em que o indivíduo apresenta temor em ser avaliado negativamente por outras pessoas, podendo ser exposto a humilhações e ao escrutínio. O objetivo do trabalho foi o desenvolvimento de um instrumento de rastreio dos sintomas do TAS, capaz de identificar os sujeitos com maior probabilidade de desenvolvimento da doença. O estudo dividiu-se em duas fases: primeiro tivemos a construção do instrumento, e segundo, a aplicação do mesmo em 297 pessoas. Foram aplicados um questionário sócio-demográfico, a Escala de Ansiedade Social de Liebowitz, o Mini Inventário de Fobia Social e a escala desenvolvida pelos autores. Os resultados preliminares mostraram excelentes índices de consistência interna e a análise fatorial foi considerada satisfatória. Houve associação entre a pontuação da escala e alguns indicadores sócio-demográficos, de acordo com a literatura científica da área. / The Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) is a very common condition presently, appearing as the primary anxiety disorder and one of the most prevalent mental diseases worldwide. It is characterized by constant and excessive fear or anxiety about social situations, which can be of performance, interaction or observation, in which a person has fear of being negatively evaluated by others, and may be exposed to humiliation and scrutiny. The objective of this work is the development of a screening instrument of the symptoms of SAD, which is able to identify as well subjects with greater likelihood of developing the disease. The study was divided into two phases: the first refers to the construction of the instrument and the second consists on the application of the test to 297 subjects. One socio-demographic questionnaire, the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, the Mini Social Phobia Inventory and the scale developed by the authors. Preliminary results showed excellent internal consistency and factor analysis was considered satisfactory. There was an association between the scale score and some socio-demographic indicators, according to scientific literature in the area.

Background Lack of coordination between screening studies for common mental disorders in primary care and community epidemiological samples impedes progress in clinical epidemiology. Short screening scales based on the World Health Organization (WHO) Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), the diagnostic interview used in community epidemiological surveys throughout the world, were developed to address this problem. Method Expert reviews and cognitive interviews generated CIDI screening scale (CIDI-SC) item pools for 30-day DSM-IV-TR major depressive episode (MDE), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), panic disorder (PD) and bipolar disorder (BPD). These items were administered to 3058 unselected patients in 29 US primary care offices. Blinded SCID clinical reinterviews were administered to 206 of these patients, oversampling screened positives. Results Stepwise regression selected optimal screening items to predict clinical diagnoses. Excellent concordance [area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC)] was found between continuous CIDI-SC and DSM-IV/SCID diagnoses of 30-day MDE (0.93), GAD (0.88), PD (0.90) and BPD (0.97), with only 9–38 questions needed to administer all scales. CIDI-SC versus SCID prevalence differences are insignificant at the optimal CIDI-SC diagnostic thresholds (χ2 1 = 0.0–2.9, p = 0.09–0.94). Individual-level diagnostic concordance at these thresholds is substantial (AUC 0.81–0.86, sensitivity 68.0–80.2%, specificity 90.1–98.8%). Likelihood ratio positive (LR+) exceeds 10 and LR− is 0.1 or less at informative thresholds for all diagnoses. Conclusions CIDI-SC operating characteristics are equivalent (MDE, GAD) or superior (PD, BPD) to those of the best alternative screening scales. CIDI-SC results can be compared directly to general population CIDI survey results or used to target and streamline second-stage CIDIs.

Background Lack of coordination between screening studies for common mental disorders in primary care and community epidemiological samples impedes progress in clinical epidemiology. Short screening scales based on the World Health Organization (WHO) Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), the diagnostic interview used in community epidemiological surveys throughout the world, were developed to address this problem. Method Expert reviews and cognitive interviews generated CIDI screening scale (CIDI-SC) item pools for 30-day DSM-IV-TR major depressive episode (MDE), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), panic disorder (PD) and bipolar disorder (BPD). These items were administered to 3058 unselected patients in 29 US primary care offices. Blinded SCID clinical reinterviews were administered to 206 of these patients, oversampling screened positives. Results Stepwise regression selected optimal screening items to predict clinical diagnoses. Excellent concordance [area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC)] was found between continuous CIDI-SC and DSM-IV/SCID diagnoses of 30-day MDE (0.93), GAD (0.88), PD (0.90) and BPD (0.97), with only 9–38 questions needed to administer all scales. CIDI-SC versus SCID prevalence differences are insignificant at the optimal CIDI-SC diagnostic thresholds (χ2 1 = 0.0–2.9, p = 0.09–0.94). Individual-level diagnostic concordance at these thresholds is substantial (AUC 0.81–0.86, sensitivity 68.0–80.2%, specificity 90.1–98.8%). Likelihood ratio positive (LR+) exceeds 10 and LR− is 0.1 or less at informative thresholds for all diagnoses. Conclusions CIDI-SC operating characteristics are equivalent (MDE, GAD) or superior (PD, BPD) to those of the best alternative screening scales. CIDI-SC results can be compared directly to general population CIDI survey results or used to target and streamline second-stage CIDIs.