Thesis (M.S.)--Missouri State University, 2008. / "August 2008" Includes bibliographical references (leaves 31-36). Also available online.

No description available.

No description available.

Dans les bourgs de la Navarre péninsulaire entre le XIIIe et XIVe siècles est apparue une scripta juridique occitane dont l'usage était lié à l'établissement des Francos, population bénéficiant de privilèges particuliers et provenant originellement du nord des Pyrénées. Le développement de cette langue en dehors d'un territoire occitanophone lui a conféré des caractéristiques qui la rendent d'emblée reconnaissable; et si elle conserve des traits la rattachant au languedocien, elle partage des points communs avec d'autres variétés du diasystème, étendu au catalan, ainsi qu'avec le navarro-roman au contact duquel elle a évolué. / In the districts of peninsular Navarre during the XIIIth and XIVth centuries appeared an Occitan scripta whose use was linked to the settlement of Francos, a population with special privileges and coming from the north of the Pyrenees. The development of this language outside Occitan territory gave it characteristics immediately recognizable, and although it keeps features connected to Languedoc, it shares particularities with other varieties of the diasystem, Catalan included, as well as it borrows some from Navarro-Romance in contact with which it has evolved. / En los burgos de la Navarra peninsular entre los siglos XIII y XIV apareció una scripta jurirídica occitana cuyo uso se relacionó con el establecimiento de los Francos, una población que gozaba de privilegios y que procedía originalmente del norte de los Pirineos. El desarrollo de este idioma fuera de un territorio occitano le dio características que lo hacen inmediatamente reconocible y aunque conserve características relacionadas al lenguadociano, comparte también rasgos con otras variedades del diasistema, catalán incluso, y con el romance navarro al contacto del cual evolucionó. / En los borgs de la Navarra peninsular entre los sègles XIII e XIV apareshó ua scripta juriridica occitana d'un usatge ligat a l'establiment deus Francos, ua poblacion qui gaudiva de privilètgis e qui vienè deu nòrd deus Pirenèus. Lo desvolopament d'aquera lenga en dehòra d'un territòri occitan que'u dé caracteristicas qui la hèn reconéisher de tira; per aquò, se consèrva trèits qui'u hè tanhent deu lengadocian que desparteish tanben punts comuns dab d'autas varietats deu diasistèma, catalan comprés, e dab lo navarroromanic au contacte deu quau evoluí. / Nafarroa Garaian, XIII. eta XIV. mendeetan,okzitandar idatzi juridiko bat agertu da, Frankoen instalazioari lotua dena, pribilegioak dituen Pirineo iparraldetik etorri populua. Okzitanofono eremu kanpotik garatu den hizkuntza hunek ondorioz ezaugarri bereziak ditu eta lengadoziarratik heldu zaizkionak oraindik atxiki baditu, diasistemiko beste taldeekin pundu amankomunak ere baditu, zabalduz katalanari baita ere nafartar-erromanoarekin, azken hunekin ukan kontaktuekin aldaketak ezagutuz.

The detrimental effects of oxidative stress caused by the accumulation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) have been acknowledged as major factors in aging, senescence and several neurodegenerative diseases and conditions such as Parkinson’s disease and stroke (ischemia/reperfusion). Mammalian models are extremely susceptible to these stresses that follow the restoration of oxygen after anoxia; however, some organisms including the freshwater turtle Trachemys scripta can withstand several bouts of anoxia and repeated reoxygenation without any apparent pathology. T. scripta thus provides us with an alternate vertebrate model in which we can investigate physiological mechanisms of neuroprotection without the damaging effects that come with oxidative stress. The major objective of this study was to investigate the protective mechanisms in the turtle brain under conditions of anoxia and oxidative stress. Specifically, the focus is on the Methionine Sulfoxide Reductase system (Msr), an antioxidant and cellular repair system, and how it is regulated to protect the brain against such stressors. Previous studies in my lab have demonstrated that Msr mRNA and protein levels are differentially upregulated during anoxia and reoxygenation. To investigate the regulation of Msr, FOXO3a was directly induced by transfecting a human FOXO3a plasmid into turtle brain cell cultures, as FOXO3a has been shown to regulate MsrA levels in other animal models. Pharmacological manipulation of FOXO3a was also performed using the green tea extract Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) as it has been shown to increase expression of FOXO3a during oxidative stress conditions in other models. I found that an induction of human FOXO3a increased FOXO3a levels and showed protection against cell death during oxidative stress. Furthermore, treatment of cells with EGCG increased expression of FOXO3a only when the cells were exposed to oxidative stress and decreased cell death. Induction of FOXO3a and EGCG treatment did not increase MsrA levels, however MsrB3 levels were upregulated under both treatments but only in the presence of oxidative stress. These results suggest that MsrA and MsrB3 protect the cells from oxidative stress damage through different molecular pathways and that EGCG may be a therapeutic target to treat diseases related to damage by oxidative stress. / Includes bibliography. / Dissertation (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2018. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

<p>A unique feature of the fetal gonad is its ability to form two distinct organs, the testis and the ovary, from a single bipotential primordium. The outcome of this decision, which is made by a population of somatic cells known as the bipotential supporting cell precursors, determines whether an embryo will develop as a phenotypic male or female. Though several molecular pathways have been shown to be required for female fate determination in vertebrates, the intricacies of ovarian morphogenesis are not well understood. A key event in ovarian development occurs around birth, when meiotic germ cells and somatic granulosa cells organize into primordial follicles, the structures that generate mature oocytes for ovulation in adult females. We investigated the embryonic origins and proliferative properties of granulosa cells in the fetal mouse ovary and found that the precursors emerge from the ovarian surface epithelium and then enter mitotic arrest in a specification process that extends from the bipotential stage to the end of the postnatal follicle assembly period. Maintenance of cell cycle arrest in granulosa cell precursors appears to be regulated by Wnt signaling. The first granulosa cells to be specified were exclusively incorporated into the subset of follicles that begin to grow immediately upon assembly. We show that this first group of granulosa progenitors derives from the supporting cell precursors present in the bipotential gonad. Interestingly, both XX and XY supporting cell precursors were mitotically arrested towards the end of the bipotential period, indicating that adoption of supporting cell fate might be regulated by the cell cycle. We also show that antagonism of Notch signaling may be required for these precursor cells to exit the cell cycle and differentiate.</p><p>In Witschi's classic model of vertebrate gonad development, the cortex and medulla of the undifferentiated gonad expand and differentiate in a mutually exclusive manner to yield the mature ovary and testis (Witschi 1951). Estrogen acts on both the cortex and medulla to promote female fate determination and ovary development in non-mammalian vertebrates. However, the downstream receptors and targets through which estrogen exerts its effects on the gonad have not yet been elucidated. We selected the red-eared slider turtle Trachemys scripta as a model with which to address this question. We first characterized the cellular composition of the turtle gonad before and after sex determination, identifying four populations of somatic cells distinguishable by their location within the gonad as well as the complement of transcription factors expressed. This information was then applied to an investigation of estrogen signaling pathways in the turtle ovary. We show that i) estrogen likely acts through its canonical receptors rather than a non-canonical pathway involving ERK signaling; ii) early exposure to estrogen resulted in the premature downregulation of a testis-specific gene, SOX9, in the medulla; iii) less estrogen is needed to promote ovarian differentiation in the cortex of the gonad than to repress testicular differentiation of the medulla, consistent with the localized production of estrogen in the medulla; and iv) estrogen's repressive effect on SOX9 expression may be mediated by Wnt signaling. </p><p>Our findings add complexity to the standard model of how the male and female supporting cell lineages are established in mice, reveal evolutionary conservation between mice and turtles in the timing of granulosa cell specification relative to sex determination., and refine our understanding of how estrogen acts to promote ovarian development in non-mammalian species.</p> / Dissertation

Thesis (M.S.)--Ohio University, June, 2006. / Title from PDF t.p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 104-111)

Thesis (M.S.)--Texas State University-San Marcos, 2008. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 22-25). Also available on microfilm.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Ohio University, August, 2006. / Title from PDF t.p. Includes bibliographical references.

Uppsatsens syfte är att genom en kvalitativ undersökning belysa scriptayrket. Fyrascriptor har deltagit i djupintervjuer där de med egna ord beskrivit sitt arbete. De områdensom diskuterats är hur de blev scriptor, scriptans arbetsuppgifter, hur samarbetet ser ut medkollegor i filmteamet, egenskaper som är viktiga att ha som scripta, att det finns en okunskapom yrket samt bristen på en naturlig väg in i yrket. Detta kombineras med en teoretisk delsom belyser scriptan historiskt samt ur ett genusperspektiv. Det studien kommit fram till äratt det finns en historisk bakgrund som lett till att scriptan som yrke har haft fler kvinnliga änmanliga utövare. Genus har dock inte påverkat de intervjuade scriptorna när de valt sitt yrke.Scriptorna beskriver i intervjuerna en stor okunskap om deras yrke, mycket av det beror på attdet saknas utbildningar och litteratur om yrket. Till skillnad från andra yrken inom film ärscriptans yrke inte kopplat till kreativt arbete eller teknik, det är en av anledningarna tillokunskapen kring yrket. Det finns idag ingen naturlig väg för att bli scripta, något som ärunikt när det kommer till yrken inom filmindustrin. Likväl är scriptan den enda positionen påen filminspelning utan en egen assistent. En scripta-assistent skulle kunna vara en naturligväg för personer med intresse för yrket att arbeta sig uppåt. Dock håller inte alla intervjuadescriptor med om behovet av en scripta-assistent, men med en ökande produktionstakt kan detbehovet förändras.