A presente proposta trata da possibilidade de articulação arquitetônica das infraestruturas aquáticas - como formas de reestruturação e qualificação dos espaços da cidade - apresentando possibilidades técnicas, ambientais e urbanísticas que viabilizem e justifiquem a concepção de um Hidroanel Metropolitano da Grande Vitória no Estado do Espírito Santo. Ao propiciar meios para a total navegação urbana - tornando o leito fluviomarítimo viável aos fluxos e deslocamentos de pessoas e cargas - se reinaugura uma condição plena para Vitória no que diz respeito à sua unidade geográfica insular de alcance interior através de canais, rios e lagos - que transformados em hidrovias - reforçam o caráter público das margens, como espaço indispensável para a metrópole. A idéia essencial de projeto é de se pensar cidades desenhadas pelas águas - com suas orlas, baías, enseadas, canais, rios e lagos. / This proposal deals with the possibility of architectonic articulation of aquatic infrastructures - as forms of restructuring and qualification of the spaces of the city - presenting technical, environmental and urban possibilities that make feasible and justify the design of a Metropolitan Hydroplane of Greater Vitória in the State of Espírito Santo. By providing means for total urban navigation - making the fluvial-river bed viable to the flows and displacements of people and cargoes - a full condition for Vitória is reopened with respect to its insular geographical unit of interior reach through channels, rivers and lakes - That transformed into waterways - reinforce the public character of the banks, as an indispensable space for the metropolis. The essential idea of a project is to think of cities designed by the waters - with their borders, bays, coves, canals, rivers and lakes.

A presente proposta trata da possibilidade de articulação arquitetônica das infraestruturas aquáticas - como formas de reestruturação e qualificação dos espaços da cidade - apresentando possibilidades técnicas, ambientais e urbanísticas que viabilizem e justifiquem a concepção de um Hidroanel Metropolitano da Grande Vitória no Estado do Espírito Santo. Ao propiciar meios para a total navegação urbana - tornando o leito fluviomarítimo viável aos fluxos e deslocamentos de pessoas e cargas - se reinaugura uma condição plena para Vitória no que diz respeito à sua unidade geográfica insular de alcance interior através de canais, rios e lagos - que transformados em hidrovias - reforçam o caráter público das margens, como espaço indispensável para a metrópole. A idéia essencial de projeto é de se pensar cidades desenhadas pelas águas - com suas orlas, baías, enseadas, canais, rios e lagos. / This proposal deals with the possibility of architectonic articulation of aquatic infrastructures - as forms of restructuring and qualification of the spaces of the city - presenting technical, environmental and urban possibilities that make feasible and justify the design of a Metropolitan Hydroplane of Greater Vitória in the State of Espírito Santo. By providing means for total urban navigation - making the fluvial-river bed viable to the flows and displacements of people and cargoes - a full condition for Vitória is reopened with respect to its insular geographical unit of interior reach through channels, rivers and lakes - That transformed into waterways - reinforce the public character of the banks, as an indispensable space for the metropolis. The essential idea of a project is to think of cities designed by the waters - with their borders, bays, coves, canals, rivers and lakes.

The Arctic Region is currently experiencing an amplified warming if compared to the rest of the world. The soils in this region store approximately half of the global soil organic carbon (OC), mainly locked in the permanently-frozen ground (permafrost). This carbon sink is sensitive to global warming meaning that the predicted warming will likely increase the thaw-release of this ‘old’ carbon. However, what happens to this remobilized OC once it is transported to the Arctic Ocean, including the potential conversion to greenhouse gasses causing a positive feedback to climate warming, remains unclear. In this work, we further investigate the fate of terrestrial derived OC (terrOC) in the Eurasian Arctic Region. The key findings of this work are: • Glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) and bacteriohopanepolyols (BHPs) are present in marine sediments of the Eurasian Arctic Region and the associated Branched and Isoprenoidal tetraether (BIT) and Rsoil indices can be used to trace terrOC in marine realm. However, a slight modification in the Rsoil index is suggested (R’soil). • Analyses indicate that the behaviour of BIT is largely controlled by a marine GDGT contribution while the R’soil index is mainly controlled by the removal of soil marker BHPs. Although both indices suggest a non-conservative behavior for the terrOC, this leads to differences in the estimations for the percentage terrOC present. A multi-proxy approach is essential since the use of a single-proxy approach can lead to over/under estimation.• Comparison of BIT and 13Csoc indices across the East Siberian Shelf indicates that the BIT index is possibly reflecting a predominantly fluvial input while 13Csoc represents a mixed fluvial and coastal erosion input.• The macromolecular terrOC composition varies along a west-east Eurasian Arctic climosequence and is mainly controlled by the river runoff of surface derived terrOC and wetland coverage (sphagnum vs. higher plants) but is not affected by the presence/absence of continuous permafrost. • The phenols/(phenols+pyridines) ratio was suggested as a proxy to trace terrOC at the macromolecular level along the Kolyma River-East Siberian Sea transect. The results indicate a non-conservative behavior of the macromolecular terrOC comparable to the bulk of the terrOC.All molecular analyses/based proxies used showed that the remobilized terrOC in the Eurasian Arctic region behaves non-conservatively potentially causing a positive feedback to global climate change.

The thrust of this thesis proceeds from two main presuppositions. The first is that the Old Testament wisdom books are generally ignored or not given enough attention in the studies about water and water-related phenomena. The second is that the romantic perspective on elements of the natural world is dominant in eco-theological studies. To highlight this twofold problem, a sample survey into the works of the scholarly biblical dictionaries, encyclopedias, books and articles as well as ecotheological studies is offered in the second chapter of this thesis. In an attempt to (partly) address this problem, this study argues that, firstly, despite a scarcity of scholarly interest in water and water-related phenomena in the Old Testament wisdom books, this body of literature contains a rich variety of references to water and water-related phenomena. Secondly, it is shown in this study that an overly-romantic view of nature does not do justice to the richness, complexity, and variety of portrayals of elements of nature in the texts themselves. In this sense, this study aims at retrieving ecological wisdom from particular texts that give voice to both the life-giving and life-threatening potential of water and water-related phenomena in the Old Testament wisdom books. The exploration is facilitated by elements of the historical-critical and literary approaches through an ecological framework informed by four of the six eco-justice principles of the Earth Bible Project. The thesis suggests that scholars who attempt ecological readings of the Bible will gain more if they also take less favoured texts into consideration. The exploration of water and water-related phenomena in the Old Testament wisdom books, therefore, goes beyond what studies on water or water-related phenomena have hitherto done. Furthermore, a study on both aspects of water as a life-giving and life-threatening entity demonstrates that an eco-friendly view of nature does not do justice to the biblical texts themselves. This will be seen through the third, fourth, fifth and sixth chapters. / Old Testament and Ancient Near Eastern Studies / D. Th. (Old Testament)

The thrust of this thesis proceeds from two main presuppositions. The first is that the Old Testament wisdom books are generally ignored or not given enough attention in the studies about water and water-related phenomena. The second is that the romantic perspective on elements of the natural world is dominant in eco-theological studies. To highlight this twofold problem, a sample survey into the works of the scholarly biblical dictionaries, encyclopedias, books and articles as well as ecotheological studies is offered in the second chapter of this thesis. In an attempt to (partly) address this problem, this study argues that, firstly, despite a scarcity of scholarly interest in water and water-related phenomena in the Old Testament wisdom books, this body of literature contains a rich variety of references to water and water-related phenomena. Secondly, it is shown in this study that an overly-romantic view of nature does not do justice to the richness, complexity, and variety of portrayals of elements of nature in the texts themselves. In this sense, this study aims at retrieving ecological wisdom from particular texts that give voice to both the life-giving and life-threatening potential of water and water-related phenomena in the Old Testament wisdom books. The exploration is facilitated by elements of the historical-critical and literary approaches through an ecological framework informed by four of the six eco-justice principles of the Earth Bible Project. The thesis suggests that scholars who attempt ecological readings of the Bible will gain more if they also take less favoured texts into consideration. The exploration of water and water-related phenomena in the Old Testament wisdom books, therefore, goes beyond what studies on water or water-related phenomena have hitherto done. Furthermore, a study on both aspects of water as a life-giving and life-threatening entity demonstrates that an eco-friendly view of nature does not do justice to the biblical texts themselves. This will be seen through the third, fourth, fifth and sixth chapters. / Biblical and Ancient Studies / D. Th. (Old Testament)