This thesis explores the subject of Japanese colonial language education in Taiwan and assimilation between 1895 and 1945. It examines the overall nature of Japanese colonial rule in Taiwan through its colonial policies, followed by a review of the history of Japanese colonial language education in Taiwan, the investigation of the Japanese colonial position on language education and assimilation, the establishment of the implementation of Japanese language education in Taiwan in areas of teaching methodologies and textbook compilation, and the determination of the effects of Japanese language education on assimilation in Taiwan. The thesis further seeks to determine the link between a Taiwanese identity and the Taiwanese who were ruled and educated under Japanese colonial rule. The views of both the elite and common Taiwanese who lived through the colonial era are examined.The aim of this thesis is to test the hypothesis whether Japanese colonial education in Taiwan achieved assimilation among the Taiwanese as claimed by Japanese colonial authorities. Through the official facts and figures provided by Japanese colonial authorities, they seemed to prove a successful case of assimilation among the Taiwanese. However, through close scrutiny of these official facts and figures and reality backed up by the oral accounts of the Taiwanese and conscientious observations by the Japanese, it is found that the claims made by Japanese colonial authorities in the case of assimilation through Japanese language education are highly contestable. By interviewing those who experienced Japanese language education during the colonial period, further insights into the formation of post-colonial Taiwanese identities are gained. This study contributes to studies on Taiwans subsequent socio-linguistic developments in the post-colonial period.

O presente estudo concentra-se na análise da problematização que as autoras de Novas Cartas Portuguesas, Tanta Gente, Mariana e Tarde de mais Mariana fazem acerca da condição feminina. Todas essas obras apresentam várias personagens \"Marianas\", que poderiam ser apenas uma, traduzindo a idéia de protótipo de mulher. Inicialmente, o trabalho evidencia o entrelaçamento de fatores extra-literários que compõem o cenário histórico-social que, de forma direta ou indireta, condicionaram o comportamento feminino. Em seguida, focaliza os aspectos da ficção portuguesa de autoria feminina, evidenciando o espaço que a sociedade determina para a mulher e o posicionamento desta frente às estruturas mantenedoras de sua domesticidade. Em síntese, esse estudo versa sobre as mulheres marianas: personagens de diferentes existências, idades e experiências, mas que estão aprisionadas na sua, ainda inferior, condição feminina. / This study concentrates on the analysis of problem making by the authors of Novas Cartas Portuguesas, Tanta Gente, Mariana and Tarde Demais Mariana concerning female conditon. All these works present several \"Mariana\" characters that could be only one, expressing the idea of women prototype. The work initially makes clear the entwinement of extra-literary factors that compose the historic-cultural scenario that has directly or indirectly conditioned female behaviour. In the sequence, it focus on aspects of Portuguese fiction by female authors, making clear the space society keeps for women and their position before the supporting structures of this domesticity. To sum up, this study investigates about \"Mariana like\" women: characters with different sorts of experience, age and existence, but that are imprisoned in their still inferior female condition.

My ambition with his exam is to study how young girls are being depicted in swedish novels of 2010. I have analyzed how the identity and the search for identity are produced in these books. To be able to make my analysis of these books I have used Maria Nikolajeva’s book Barnbokens byggklossar. From wich I have worked out a few questions that I have used my analysis in the portrayal of these girls. All the girls are between 12-14 years old and they all are struggeling to find out who and what they realy are. To put my results and analysis in a bigger perspective i have compared them with earlier research of how girls have been depicted in novels through history. Throughout history girl books have had the purpuse to bring up girls into being good girls. In the novels of 2010 we can see that girls now are being depicted differently. But one thing they all have in common is their search for identity and for finding who they realy are. They all are struggeling to trust who they realy are and to find the courage to stand up for themselvs and their identity.

O presente estudo concentra-se na análise da problematização que as autoras de Novas Cartas Portuguesas, Tanta Gente, Mariana e Tarde de mais Mariana fazem acerca da condição feminina. Todas essas obras apresentam várias personagens \"Marianas\", que poderiam ser apenas uma, traduzindo a idéia de protótipo de mulher. Inicialmente, o trabalho evidencia o entrelaçamento de fatores extra-literários que compõem o cenário histórico-social que, de forma direta ou indireta, condicionaram o comportamento feminino. Em seguida, focaliza os aspectos da ficção portuguesa de autoria feminina, evidenciando o espaço que a sociedade determina para a mulher e o posicionamento desta frente às estruturas mantenedoras de sua domesticidade. Em síntese, esse estudo versa sobre as mulheres marianas: personagens de diferentes existências, idades e experiências, mas que estão aprisionadas na sua, ainda inferior, condição feminina. / This study concentrates on the analysis of problem making by the authors of Novas Cartas Portuguesas, Tanta Gente, Mariana and Tarde Demais Mariana concerning female conditon. All these works present several \"Mariana\" characters that could be only one, expressing the idea of women prototype. The work initially makes clear the entwinement of extra-literary factors that compose the historic-cultural scenario that has directly or indirectly conditioned female behaviour. In the sequence, it focus on aspects of Portuguese fiction by female authors, making clear the space society keeps for women and their position before the supporting structures of this domesticity. To sum up, this study investigates about \"Mariana like\" women: characters with different sorts of experience, age and existence, but that are imprisoned in their still inferior female condition.

Last spring I did a study where I studied how young girls where being depicted in Swedish novels of 2010. My ambition with this exam is to study how young teenage boys are being depicted in Swedish novels of 2010 and to compare this study and the results with the results from my study last spring. Throughout history we can see that boy’s novels have had the purpose to bring up boys into being adventurous. In the novels of 2010 we can see that boys now are being depicted in another more modern and contemporary way. From my analysis we can see that all the books have many things in common. One of them is the young boys search for identity and for finding who they really are. They all are struggling with their trust to themselves and their self-confidence. We can see that all the books show how young boys today are struggling to find the courage to stand up for themselves and their identity. In my comparison with the results of both of my studies we can see many similarities. Both studies shows young teenagers search for identity and for finding the courage to show how they really are and for standing up for themselves. We can that despite gender the young teenagers are all having the same reflections and feelings.

Ankara, being the capital, has been the most important city for the New Modern Turkish State on its way of establishing the modernity project of Turkey. The development of the urban planning projects proceeded on the basis of this aimed concept of the new society, carrying the privilege of being the symbol of the modern republic, prosperity and wealth. Ke&ccedil / i&ouml / ren is one of the main districts of Ankara. The main aim of this study is to analyze and describe the ideological departure of Ke&ccedil / i&ouml / ren from the concept of the &ldquo / modern&rdquo / Ankara, within the last ten years. Here the attitude of the municipality and its role as the agent of civil power leading the architectural and urban transformation of Ke&ccedil / i&ouml / ren from a district full of gecekondu to one full of &ldquo / decorated sheds&rdquo / will be discussed. Here, the term &ldquo / decorated shed&rdquo / , introduced by Robert Venturi, will be used for the explanation of the new architectural and urban elements Furthermore, the attitude of the society and the architects and contractors who are responsible for the actual case will be brought into argumentation. In this sense, other subsidiary terms will be used to explain the process of the case are / populism and politics, nationalism, the ideology of the Turkish nation (T&uuml / rkl&uuml / k), Turanism, Islamism and orientalism. Additionally, an important building in the district, the Estergon Castle, which has different characteristics from the other parts of the district, will be explained with the terms &ldquo / hyper-reality&rdquo / and &ldquo / kitsch&rdquo / by the explanations of Umberto Eco and Dorfles.

Essa dissertação tem como objetivo analisar três livros de Lee Maracle, autora canadense de origem indígena, com base nas teorias autobiográficas, pós-coloniais e feministas, visitando brevemente a história canadense, para contextualizar a produção literária desta autora. A primeira publicação de Maracle ocorreu em 1975, com o lançamento de sua autobiografia Bobbi Lee Indian Rebel. Esta dissertação, entretanto, visa discutir a segunda edição desse livro, ampliada em 1990. A narrativa autobiográfica permite-nos conhecer as lutas, dificuldades e corrente situação dos povos indígenas canadenses, para que, no próximo momento possamos analisar a evolução da escrita de Maracle, na publicação de seus romances. Sundogs (1992) foi o primeiro romance da autora. Por meio de sua narradora em primeira pessoa, Marianne, Sundogs desdobra a trilha da jovem protagonista na busca de sua identidade indígena. O mais recente romance de Maracle, Daughters are Forever (2002), apresenta uma introdução mitológica da formação de Turtle Island, a América, baseada nas tradições orais indígenas. O romance narra a trajetória de Marilyn, uma assistente social, por volta de seus quarenta e cinco anos, que sofre pelo seu distanciamento de suas filhas, causado por sua própria maternidade inadequada. O nítido aperfeiçoamento das técnicas literárias ao longo dos anos, transforma Lee Maracle em uma das vozes de uma minoria oprimida que quebra o silêncio através da literatura indígena, denunciando a realidade de seu povo marginalizado há séculos / This dissertations objective is analyzing three books by Lee Maracle, First Nations Canadian author, based on postcolonial and feminist theories, briefly visiting the Canadian history, in order to contextualize Maracles literary production. Maracles first publication took place in 1975, with the release of her autobiography Bobbi Lee Indian Rebel. This dissertation, however, intends to discuss the second edition of this book, enlarged in 1990. The autobiographical narrative allows us to become familiar with the struggles, difficulties and actual situation of Canadian Indigenous peoples, which permits our subsequent analysis of the evolution of Maracles writing at the publication of her novels. Sundogs (1992) was the authors first novel. By the first-person narrator, Marianne, Sundogs unfolds the young protagonists search for her Indigenous identity. The latest novel by Maracle, Daughters are Forever (2002), presents a mythological introduction to the formation of Turtle Island, America, based on Native oral traditions. The novel narrates Marilyns trajectory, a mid-fifties social worker that suffers from her daughters distancing, due to her poor motherhood. The clear improvement of literary techniques along the years transforms Lee Maracle in one of the oppressed voices that breaks the silence through Indigenous literature, denouncing the reality of her, for centuries, marginalized people

Essa dissertação tem como objetivo analisar três livros de Lee Maracle, autora canadense de origem indígena, com base nas teorias autobiográficas, pós-coloniais e feministas, visitando brevemente a história canadense, para contextualizar a produção literária desta autora. A primeira publicação de Maracle ocorreu em 1975, com o lançamento de sua autobiografia Bobbi Lee Indian Rebel. Esta dissertação, entretanto, visa discutir a segunda edição desse livro, ampliada em 1990. A narrativa autobiográfica permite-nos conhecer as lutas, dificuldades e corrente situação dos povos indígenas canadenses, para que, no próximo momento possamos analisar a evolução da escrita de Maracle, na publicação de seus romances. Sundogs (1992) foi o primeiro romance da autora. Por meio de sua narradora em primeira pessoa, Marianne, Sundogs desdobra a trilha da jovem protagonista na busca de sua identidade indígena. O mais recente romance de Maracle, Daughters are Forever (2002), apresenta uma introdução mitológica da formação de Turtle Island, a América, baseada nas tradições orais indígenas. O romance narra a trajetória de Marilyn, uma assistente social, por volta de seus quarenta e cinco anos, que sofre pelo seu distanciamento de suas filhas, causado por sua própria maternidade inadequada. O nítido aperfeiçoamento das técnicas literárias ao longo dos anos, transforma Lee Maracle em uma das vozes de uma minoria oprimida que quebra o silêncio através da literatura indígena, denunciando a realidade de seu povo marginalizado há séculos / This dissertations objective is analyzing three books by Lee Maracle, First Nations Canadian author, based on postcolonial and feminist theories, briefly visiting the Canadian history, in order to contextualize Maracles literary production. Maracles first publication took place in 1975, with the release of her autobiography Bobbi Lee Indian Rebel. This dissertation, however, intends to discuss the second edition of this book, enlarged in 1990. The autobiographical narrative allows us to become familiar with the struggles, difficulties and actual situation of Canadian Indigenous peoples, which permits our subsequent analysis of the evolution of Maracles writing at the publication of her novels. Sundogs (1992) was the authors first novel. By the first-person narrator, Marianne, Sundogs unfolds the young protagonists search for her Indigenous identity. The latest novel by Maracle, Daughters are Forever (2002), presents a mythological introduction to the formation of Turtle Island, America, based on Native oral traditions. The novel narrates Marilyns trajectory, a mid-fifties social worker that suffers from her daughters distancing, due to her poor motherhood. The clear improvement of literary techniques along the years transforms Lee Maracle in one of the oppressed voices that breaks the silence through Indigenous literature, denouncing the reality of her, for centuries, marginalized people

Cette thèse prend pour objet l’ensemble de l’œuvre en prose d’Alphonse Daudet pour rendre compte des multiples aspects qu’y assume le thème de la crise, cette dernière étant entendue moins comme un concept philosophique que comme le noyau fédérateur d’une représentation de l’histoire, articulant le domaine social et la sphère privée, largement redevable d’un imaginaire d’époque. L’analyse s’articule autour de trois axes principaux : d’abord, la composante historicisée de la crise, que favorise l’ancrage temporel propre au roman daudétien, est étudiée dans sa dimension chronologique, en relation aux événements marquants de l’époque, tels que la guerre de 1870, la Commune, le parlementarisme. Dans un deuxième temps, la problématisation de la quête identitaire et de la saisie idéologique des personnages permet de déceler les ressorts d’une crise se manifestant à l’intérieur du domaine privé, pour glisser progressivement vers la scène sociale. L’étude d’un personnage tel que l’artiste-écrivain fonctionne ainsi comme medium dans la représentation de ce passage qui aboutit, dans les derniers romans daudétiens, à une forme de nihilisme propre à la fin de siècle qui réactive l’héritage schopenhauerien et les théories darwiniennes. Une importance particulière a enfin été accordée au microcosme familial : l’hypothèse que cette institution sociale fonctionne comme espace privilégié d’inversion des valeurs a été démontrée à l’aide d’une analyse méthodique des fonctions thématiques de l’enfant et son parcours de formation, ainsi que du rôle de la mère et du père. La prise en compte de l’enjeu de la filiation et de l’institution du mariage a corroboré l’hypothèse consistant à considérer la famille comme un terrain potentiel de dysfonctionnement sur le plan privé, paradigmatique d’une crise de valeurs qui traverse les rôles sociaux. / The purpose of this thesis is to account for a variety of topics in Alphonse Daudet’s novels referring to the concept of crisis in values from a corpus of texts between 1866 and 1897. To offer a rewriting of the patterns of Daudet’s social perspective, I provide an original view of the crisis by articulating three different aspects: first, the references to the historical background underline a historical form of crisis that I analyze from a chronological point of view. Second, the ideological perception of the characters and their evolution reveal a process of search for identity characterized by an inner form of crisis which is extended to the entire society. The analysis of a typical character such as the artist and writer shows the extension of this devaluation in the social sphere: Daudet’s last novels explore the legacy of Schopenhauer’s and Darwin’s theories. The third part is based on the hypothesis that the social pattern of the family reveals a form of inversion in values. This hypothesis is confirmed by the study of the narrative function of three specific roles : the child and his process of development, motherhood and fatherhood as far as their evolution as a couple and the relationship with childhood is presented. The conclusion is the emergence of a dysfunction that might also affect the intimate sphere. Thus, reconstructing the structure of Daudet’s point of view as far as society is perceived might offer us new models of interpreting his role as a writer and the function of writing.

Journaliste, essayiste, prosateur, poète, romancier mais aussi à ses heures réalisateur, photographe ou architecte, Curzio Malaparte (1898-1957) reste, malgré un succès public durable qui dépasse largement les frontières italiennes, un oublié de l’histoire littéraire du XXe siècle. S’il suscite actuellement un regain d’intérêt c’est surtout dans la mesure où sa participation aux deux guerres mondiales ainsi que sa trajectoire du fascisme au communisme et au catholicisme en font le miroir des contradictions de son temps. Or, est-ce bien là son principal mérite ? La présente étude propose un parcours à la fois chronologique et thématique dans l’œuvre malapartienne en s’appuyant sur l’analyse du rapport entre l’univers et la page écrite. La curiosité insatiable que l’écrivain projette sur le monde qui l’entoure dégénère, au contact de l’événement-guerre, en plongée macabre dans les atrocités de l’histoire. Les pages cruelles et hallucinées de Kaputt (1944) ou de La pelle (1949) marquent l’apogée d’une écriture qui voudrait rendre compte de la réalité tout en refusant de s’en satisfaire. Face au visage décevant de l’histoire, Malaparte échafaude un rêve de « recommencement » à la fois individuel (grâce au « mythe de l’auto-engendrement ») et collectif (dans une perspective eschatologique), mais ne renonce jamais définitivement à poursuivre dans le monde cette quête désespérée de sens qui nous le rend si proche. / Curzio Malaparte (1898-1957) was not only a journalist, essayist, prose writer, poet and a novelist but also a director, photographer and architect when time permitted. Yet despite his success both in Italy and beyond, he remains largely unknown in 20th century literary history. If he is enjoying a resurgence in popularity today it is due to his involvement in two world wars as well as his trajectory from fascism to communism and onward to Catholicism, a mirrored contradiction to his era. Or does his significance lie therein ? This thesis follows both a chronological and thematic path through his work focusing on the relationship between the universe and the written page. The insatiable curiosity the writer projects on the world around him disintegrates into history’s most gruesome atrocities following the onset of war. The cruel and uncanny pages of Kaputt (1944) and La Pelle (1949) mark the culmination of a style of writing that tries to both account for and interrogate reality. In the disappointing face of history, Malaparte constructs a dream for a new beginning that is at once individual (thanks to the « myth of self-generation ») and collective (from an eschatological perspective), yet he never renounces definitively the pursuit of this desperate quest for meaning that brings him so close to us.