Orientador: Rosângela Barros Zanoni Lopes Moreno / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica, Instituto de Geiociências / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T02:19:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Araujo_MarcoAurelioRachid_M.pdf: 5461103 bytes, checksum: e41104d89a3da94eebab2927738e94b4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Efeito de maré é o nome dado a um fenômeno observado em dados de pressão registrados em acumulações de fluido, incluindo reservatórios de petróleo, e que tem origem na variação do potencial gravitacional a que as massas estão submetidas. As primeiras citações do efeito de maré observado em reservatórios de petróleo ocorreram em meados da década de setenta e já naquela época mostraram-se a correspondência entre a amplitude do efeito de maré e as características do reservatório. A partir da teoria da poroelasticidade de Maurice Biot, desenvolveram-se métodos utilizando o efeito de maré para cálculo de parâmetros de reservatório, tal como a compressibilidade. A extração seletiva do efeito de maré é etapa importante desses métodos. Ao transformar os sinais do domínio do tempo para o domínio da frequência, a transformada de Fourier apresenta-se como ótimo recurso para esse fim, já que o efeito de maré é um sinal sinusoidal de componentes com períodos bem conhecidos. A extração seletiva de sinais utilizando a transformada de Fourier também pode ser importante para auxiliar a determinação de parâmetros de reservatório a partir do gráfico diagnóstico, já que a presença do efeito de maré pode, eventualmente, impedir ou dificultar a interpretação do teste de formação. Esta dissertação descreve os modelos poro elásticos para cálculo de compressibilidade de reservatórios e mostra a aplicação do filtro com transformada de Fourier para extração do efeito de maré e de ruídos presentes em dados de testes de formação. Três exemplos de dados registrados em testes de formação reais realizados em poços localizados em campos offshore são utilizados para extração do efeito de maré e para cálculo de compressibilidade, cujos resultados são comparados com os valores calculados a partir da correlação de Hall. Os resultados mostram ser possível utilizar os modelos poroelásticos para cálculo de compressibilidade do reservatório. A aplicação das técnicas de filtro com transformada de Fourier mostrou robustez para eliminação de ruídos e extração do efeito de maré / Abstract: Tide effect is the name given to a phenomenon observed in the pressure data recorded in accumulations of fluid, including petroleum reservoirs, and that originates from the variation of the gravitational potential to which the masses are subjected. Tidal effects have been observed in petroleum reservoirs since the mid-seventies and even then the correspondence between the amplitude of the tidal effect and the characteristics of the reservoir has been cited. From the Maurice Biot poroelastic theory, methods were developed using the tidal effect to calculate reservoir parameters such as compressibility. The selective extraction of the tidal effect is an important phase of these methods. Fourier transform appears as a great resource for this purpose, since the tidal effect is a sinusoidal signal with well-known periods. The selective extraction of signals using the Fourier transform can also be important to assist in the determination of reservoir parameters, since the presence of the tidal effect may prevent or hinder the interpretation of the formation test from the diagnostic plot. This paper describes the poroelastic models to calculate reservoir compressibility and shows the Fourier transform application to extract tidal effect and noises observed in formation evaluation data. Three set of data recorded in real formation tests, performed in offshore wells, were used to extract the tidal effect and to estimate reservoirs compressibility. The results were compared to Hall correlation results. Moreover, poroelastic models results were compared with Hall correlation results. The Fourier transform technique has been successfully used to extract the tidal effect. Simulated pressure data were also used, which showed leakage complicating. The results show that it is possible to use the poroelastic models to calculate reservoir compressibility. The examples shown that Fourier transform techniques are robust to noise removal and tidal effect extraction / Mestrado / Reservatórios e Gestão / Mestre em Ciências e Engenharia de Petróleo

Ship roll motion has been the subject of many studies, because of the complexities associated with this mode of ship motion, and its impact on operability, safety, and survivability. Estimation and prediction of the energy transfer and dissipation of the hydrodynamic components, added inertia and damping, is essential to accurately describe the roll motions of a ship. This is especially true for ship operations in moderate to extreme sea conditions. In these conditions, a complex process of energy transfer occurs, which alters the physical behavior of the hydrodynamic components, and ultimately affects the amplitude of ship roll motion. Bilge keels have been used on ships for nearly two centuries, to increase damping and reduce the severity of roll motions experienced by a ship in waves. Because ship motions are more severe in extreme sea conditions, large roll angles may occur. With the possibility of crew injury, cargo damage, or even capsize, it is important to understand the behavior of the roll added inertia and damping for these conditions. Dead ship conditions, where ships may experience excitation from beam, or near beam, seas present a worst case scenario in heavy weather. The behavior of a ship in this condition should be considered in both the design and assessment of seakeeping performance. In this study, hydrodynamic component models of roll added inertia and roll damping were examined and assessed to be unsuitable for accurate prediction of ship motions in heavy weather. A series of model experiments and numerical studies were carried out and analyzed to provide improved understanding of the essential physical phenomena which affect the hydrodynamic components and occur during large amplitude roll motion. These observations served to confirm the hypothesis that the existing models for roll added inertia and damping in large amplitude motions are not sufficient. The change in added inertia and damping behavior for large roll motion is largely due to the effects of hull form geometry, including the bilge keels and topside geometry, and their interactions with the free surface. Therefore, the changes in added inertia and damping must be considered in models to describe and predict roll motions in severe wave environments. Based on the observations and analysis from both experimental and numerical methods, several time-domain model formulations were proposed and examined to model hydrodynamic components of large amplitude roll motions. These time-domain formulations included an analytical model with memory effects, a piecewise formulation, and several possibilities for a bilge keel force model. Although a piecewise model for roll damping was proposed, which can improve the applicability of traditional formulations for roll damping to heavy weather conditions, a further attempt was undertaken to develop a more detailed model specifically for the bilge keel force. This model was based on the consideration of large amplitude effects on the hydrodynamic components of the bilge keel force. Both the piecewise and bilge keel force models have the possibility to enable improved accuracy of potential flow-based numerical prediction of ship roll motion in heavy weather. However, additional development remains to address issues for further practical implementation. / Ph. D.

This paper sought to analyse which underlying motives impacted the stances and policies taken by Greece and Türkiye regarding their disputed maritime border. The maritime border consists of two distinct areas, the Aegean Sea, and the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. The analysis chose to study the two areas separately since there are differences between them. The study was conducted through the lens of Morgan and Palmer’s general theory of foreign policy, in which a state either acts reactively to preserve the current situation, or proactively to try and change it. The result of the study shows that both states acted because of security related, economic, and hegemonic motivations as well as to protect their sovereignty and national rights. Security concerns played a significant role in the dispute, as both states deemed the other to be a threat. Because of this, both Greece and Türkiyeacted reactively against each other. At the same time, Türkiye was also found to be more likely to act proactively compared to Greece who often either acted in response to Türkiye or indirectly through its allies such as the EU or Egypt.

La variabilité de l’intensité du flux d’eaux atlantiques et de la nature des masses d’eau de surface le long des marges occidentales de la Norvège, de la mer de Barents et du Svalbard a été reconstituée sur la base des assemblages de coccolithes et dinokystes présents dans cinq carottes sédimentaires marines représentatives de l’Holocène terminal. Les résultats sont présentés sous la forme de reconstructions qualitatives et quantitatives (fonctions de transfert MAT) à haute résolution temporelle (échelle décennale à sub-séculaire). Un travail visantà valider les traceurs micropaléontologiques utilisés a été réalisé en parallèle à l’objectif principal, et s’est en particulier nourri de la collecte et de l’examen de populations vivantes distribuées le long de plusieurs transectszonaux en mer de Norvège, mer d’Islande et à travers le détroit de Fram.Nos résultats indiquent que la partie orientale des mers Nordiques (66 à 77°N) a été sujette à une tendance globale à l’augmentation du flux d’eaux atlantiques (AW) au cours des derniers 3000 ans. La dynamique récente de ce flux méridien est supposée répondre à la modulation long-terme de la force et de la localisation de la ceinture des vents d’ouest qui est essentiellement pilotée par l’Oscillation Nord Atlantique. Ce même mécanisme atmosphérique réconcilie le déplacement zonal et contradictoire du front arctique entre le domaine ouest-norvégien, et les façades occidentales de la mer de Barents et du détroit de Fram. La variabilité rapide du flux d’AW reproduit la succession des phases climatiques historiques classiques chaudes (Période Chaude Romaine, Période Chaude Médiévale, Période Moderne : flux accentué d’AW) et froides (Période Sombre, Petit Age Glaciaire : flux réduit d’AW) des derniers 2500 ans. Un événènement rapide de renforcement du flux d’AW en mers Nordiques a été identifié pendant le Petit Age Glaciaire entre 330 et 410 ans BP (cal.). Nos résultats indiquent que les variations d’intensité du flux d’AW vers l’Océan Arctique ont eu un impact majeur sur la distribution de la glace de mer arctique au cours du dernier millier d’années, les variations reconstruites de l’extension du couvert de glace à l’echelle de l’océan arctique étant parfaitement corrélées (échelle subséculaire) avec nos reconstructions qualitatives de la dynamique de l’AW au large du Svalbard et de la mer de Barents. La diminution importante de l’extension de la banquise durant le 20ème siècle est synchrone d’un flux record d’AW à travers le détroit de Fram, flux qui, d’après nos données, est sans précédent pour les derniers 3000 ans. / Five marine sediment cores distributed along the Norwegian, western Barents Sea, and Svalbard continental margins have been investigated in order to reconstruct late Holocene changes in the poleward flow of the Norwegian Atlantic Current (NwAC) and West Spitsbergen Current (WSC) and the nature of the upper surface water masses within the eastern Nordic Seas. This research project is based on the use of dinocyst and coccolith assemblages for qualitative and quantitative reconstructions of surface water conditions from high resolution sediment cores, and involve upstream investigations on proxy reliabilities. The investigated area (66 to 77°N) was affected by an overall increase in the strength of the AW flow from 3000 cal. yrs BP to the Present. The long-term modulation of westerlies strength and location which are essentially driven by the dominant mode of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), is thought to explain the observed dynamics of the AW flow. The same mechanism also reconciles the recorded opposite zonal shifts in the location of the Arctic Front between the area off western Norway and the western Barents Sea-eastern Fram Strait region. Submillenial changes in AW flow are organised according to known pre-Anthropocene warm (RWP, MCA and the Modern period: strong poleward flow) and cold (LIA, DA: weak poleward flow) climatic spells. A sudden short pulse of resumed high WSC flow interrupted the LIA in the eastern Nordic Seas from 330 to 410 cal. yrs BP. Our results are indicative of a major impact of AW flow dynamics on the Arctic sea ice distribution during the last millenium, when changes in reconstructed sea-ice extent are negatively correlated with the strength of the WSC flow off western Barents Sea and western Svalbard. The extensive decrease in sea ice extent during the last century is synchronous with an exceptional increase in AW flow. The previously reconstructed high amplitude warming of surface waters in eastern Fram Strait at the turn of the 19th century was therefore primarily induced by an excess flow of AW which stands as unprecedented over the last 3000 years.

The post-Triassic Nautiloidea are not as popular theme within fossils cephalopods research as for example ammonites. They are not very abundant in the fossil records except some rare localities and areas, their morphology is quite conservative and due to the usually poor preservation, their determination and assigning to the species even to genera level is often complicated. Exceptional are taxa with very specific morphology and short stratigraphic and endemic occurrence, which are even suitable for biostratigraphic interpretations. Problematic is also the often poor taxonomical representation of the type material and revision of many taxa is needed. Still nautilids are often represented by reasonable amount in the paleontological collections of natural history museums due to the long history of fossils collecting. Also the scientific literature has been dedicating at least some space to this group since 19 century. The aim of this study is to create an overview about the post- Triassic, especially Upper Cretaceous nautiolidea in the European region of epicontinental seas and prepare a good basement for extensive study of this group. Due to this aim the study is primarily focused on determination of morphological features and also problematic with their interpretation according to the variable...

This thesis explores policy and service delivery for adolescent and young adult or ‘transition age’ mental health service users aged 16-25 across different jurisdictions in the UK and Australia. The study explores the implications that policy formulation and implementation have for service delivery in these different contextual settings; and examines how young people (who are at a vulnerable stage developmentally in terms of mental health), have their access to services affected by the existing policy framework. A policy analysis was conducted along with qualitative interviews in six case sites (three in the UK and three in Australia). The thesis adopted a critical realist approach using a laminated cross-sectional interview strategy that was developed to include interviews with national policy makers; local policy makers and service managers; staff working within services; and the young people whom were accessing services as the recipients of policy. Findings from this thesis explore how young people use risk escalation as a way of managing delays to treatment and how practitioners identify particular difficulties for young people transitioning in services when they are due to ‘step up’ into more acute services, or ‘step down’ to a less intensive service. The thesis explores the implications and unintended consequences for young people of policy including processes of ‘cost-shunting’ and ‘resource envy’ at local and national levels. Finally, the thesis offers some learning for systems working to support 16-25 year olds through demonstrating the importance of the dual role of ‘curing’ and ‘caring’ in mental health services.

Two long-lived halogen radionuclides (36Cl, T1/2 = 301 kyr, and 129I, T1/2 = 15.7 Myr) have been studied by means of Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) at the Uppsala Tandem Laboratory. The 36Cl measurements in natural samples using a medium-sized tandem accelerator (~1 MeV/amu) have been considered. A gas-filled magnetic spectrometer (GFM) was proposed for the separation of 36Cl from its isobar, 36S. Semi-empirical Monte-Carlo ion optical calculations were conducted to define optimal conditions for separating 36Cl and 36S. A 180° GFM was constructed and installed at the dedicated AMS beam line. 129I has been measured in waters from the Arctic and North Atlantic Oceans. Most of the 129I currently present in the Earth's surface environment can be traced back to liquid and gaseous releases from the nuclear reprocessing facilities at Sellafield (UK) and La Hague (France). The anthropogenic 129I inventory in the central Arctic Ocean was found to increase proportionally to the integrated 129I releases from these reprocessing facilities. The interaction and origin of water masses in the region have been clearly distinguished with the help of 129I labeling. Predictions based on a compartment model calculation showed that the Atlantic Ocean and deep Arctic Ocean are the major sinks for the reprocessed 129I. The variability in 129I concentration measured in seawater along a transect from the Baltic Sea to the North Atlantic suggests strong enrichment in the Skagerrak–Kattegat basin. The 129I inventory in the Baltic and Bothnian Seas is equal to ~0.3% of the total liquid releases from the reprocessing facilities. A lake sediment core sampled in northeastern Ireland was analyzed for 129I to study the history of the Sellafield releases, in particular the nuclear accident of 1957. High 129I concentration was observed corresponding to 1990 and later, while no indication of the accident was found. The results of this thesis research clearly demonstrate the uniqueness and future potential of 129I as a tracer of processes in both marine and continental archives.

The once pristine and rich marine environment of the South China Sea is degrading at an alarming rate due to the rapid socioeconomic development of the region. Despite this, and because mainly of complicated sovereignty and maritime boundary disputes, coastal States have not been able to develop effective regional cooperation to safeguard the shared marine environment. This dissertation, “Towards a Network of Marine Protected Areas in the South China Sea: Legal and Political Perspectives”, researches legal and political measures to support the development of a network of marine protected areas in the South China Sea. Such a network, if properly developed, would not only help to protect the marine environment and resources of the region but also contribute to lower the tension among its coastal States. These measures should be developed in accordance with international law, based on the specific geopolitical context of the South China Sea region and take into consideration experiences in developing regional networks of marine protected areas from other marine regions. Consequently, three optional categories of measures for the development of a network of marine protected areas in the South China Sea are suggested at the end. They include national-focused measures; measures to enhance the regional cooperation; and measures to build a regime for marine protected areas and network of marine protected areas in the South China Sea. These measures could be taken alternatively or on a step-by-step basis.

Latin American telenovelas have been exported to more than a hundred countries across the globe. While they are popular in their country of production because their messages resonate with their audience’s everyday experiences, their popularity amongst global audiences with whom they share neither a social nor a cultural history is unexplained. Kenya has been importing and airing Latin American telenovelas since the early 1990s, and telenovelas have permeated many aspects of Kenyan daily life, when compared to other foreign globally-distributed media products that are aired on Kenyan television. As global media products, telenovelas remain open to criticisms from the media imperialism thesis. This research adopts an ethnographic approach to the study of audiences, and looks at the reception of a Mexican telenovela, Cuando Seas Mia, by a group of young Kenyan women in Nairobi. It reflects upon the media imperialism thesis from an African perspective by investigating the meanings that these women make from Cuando Seas Mia, and how these shape their changing local identities and cultures. The young women in this study, most of whom have moved to the city from the rural areas, are influenced by traditional, patriarchal Kenyan society and by the modern, Western influences of an urban environment. They experience a tension between their evolving rural and urban roles and identities and are drawn to telenovelas because their exploration of rural-urban themes holds a relevance to their own lives. They negotiate their contemporary African youth identities, gender roles and heterosexual relationships in relation to representations in the telenovela, questioning and destabilising African and Western definitions. These women select aspects from their traditional, African cultures and from their modern, Western experiences (and consumption of global media) and reconstruct them into a transitional youth identity which suits their day to day lives as young women living in an urban African environment.

La dernière période glaciaire a été ponctuée d’évènements climatiques abrupts connus sous le nom d’évènements d’Heinrich et évènements de Dansgaard-Oeschger. Cette variabilité millénaire a fait l’objet de nombreuses études, mais plusieurs incertitudes demeurent. Ce travail de doctorat vise à étendre et compléter les connaissances existantes sur cette variabilité climatique rapide en ciblant l’étude des variations hydrographiques telles qu’enregistrées au sein de deux archives sédimentaires prélevées au niveau des îles Féroé. Nos principaux résultats, basés sur une approche intégrée multiproxies, mettent en évidence un schéma atypique en Mer de Norvège, où les épisodes froids (stadiaires, évènements d’Heinrich inclus) sont marqués par des températures océaniques de surface relativement élevées (notamment en été) et un couvert de glace de mer réduit à quelques mois par an, et inversement pour les périodes chaudes (interstadiaires) qui enregistrent des conditions océaniques de surface froides et une expansion du couvert de glace de mer. Le caractère atypique des stadiaires paraît lié à une advection accrue d’eaux chaudes atlantiques dans les Mers Nordiques, couplée à un réchauffement de subsurface généralisé au bassin subpolaire Nord-Atlantique et ses mers bordières. Ces deux processus semblent jouer un rôle majeur dans la déstabilisation des ice-shelves et glaciers boréaux, et in fine dans leur effondrement final et les débâcles d’icebergs qui en résultent. Nos travaux nous permettent également de dégager les principaux mécanismes à l’origine des changements de circulation océanique en Atlantique Nord et des variations de température atmosphérique associées. Sur la base de l’ensemble de nos résultats et de ceux émanant de précédentes études, nous proposons ainsi un nouveau scénario de fonctionnement couplé océan-glace-atmosphère permettant d’expliquer les évènements climatiques abrupts de la dernière période glaciaire. / The last glacial period was punctuated by abrupt climatic events known as Dansgaard-Oeschger and Heinrich events. Many studies have focused on this millennial climatic variability, but several uncertainties remain. The present work aims at improving our knowledge on this topic through the study of the hydrographical changes recorded in two marine archives retrieved off Faeroes. Our main results, based on a multiproxy approach, reveal a paradoxical scheme in the Norwegian Sea where cold episodes (stadials, including Heinrich events) are characterized by relatively warm sea-surface temperatures (especially during summer) and a reduced sea-ice cover, and warm periods (interstadials) are marked by a reverse pattern with cold sea surface conditions and extended sea ice cover. The atypical stadial features seem to be related to enhanced advection of warm Atlantic waters in the Nordic Seas, combined to a subpolar North-Atlantic and adjacent seas basin-wide subsurface warming. These two processes seem to play a key role in the destabilization of boreal ice-shelves and ice-sheets, and in fine to their final collapse and subsequent iceberg discharges. Our work also allows us to identify the main mechanisms responsible for Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation changes and associated atmospheric temperature variations. On the basis of our results and of those coming from previous studies, we thus propose a new hydrographical scenario which could explain the abrupt climate events of the last glacial period