Bakgrund: Ländryggsmärta orsakad av överbelastning är vanligt inom cykelidrotten med en prevalens mellan 15 % -60 % hos landsvägscyklister på motions- och elitnivå. Vid sittande förändras ryggradens kurvatur vilket gör att belastningen förändras och det ger obalanser och större risk för smärta och skada än vid stående och gående. Sittpositionen på cykeln kan anpassas genom justering av cykeln, även kallad bike fit. Det finns få vetenskapliga studier hur denna anpassning ska ske för att undvika ryggsmärta. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur strukturer i ländryggen och säte/ben påverkar sittposition och förekomsten av ländryggssmärta vid landsvägscykling. Metod: Totalt 33 deltagare analyserades för hamstringslängd, total lumbal flexion samt sittposition på cykeln. Deltagarna tillfrågades angående erfarenheter av ländryggssmärta vid cykling. Resultat: Studien kunde påvisa en signifikant korrelation (r=0,57, P= 0,00082) mellan sittposition på cykeln samt total lumbal flexion. Hamstringslängd eller lumbal flexion på cykel visade sig ej korrelera med ländryggssmärta på cykel. Ingen skillnad förelåg mellan de cyklister som rapporterat ländryggssmärta eller ej gällande total lumbal flexionsrörlighet, lumbal flexion på cykeln eller hamstringslängd visades. Konklusion: Rörlighet i ländryggen och position på cykel verkar inte ensamt kunna förklara förekomst av cykelrelaterad ländryggssmärta. Hamstringslängden tycks inte påverka sittposition eller ländryggssmärta vid cykling.

Submitted by Ana Cristina Ramos (crisramos0806@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-09-26T01:07:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO - Ana Cristina Ramos.pdf: 7932643 bytes, checksum: c170162cf678bb2231b61814d5122d48 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Lucilene Cordeiro da Silva Messias null (lubiblio@bauru.unesp.br) on 2018-09-26T16:31:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ramos_ac_me_bauru.pdf: 7932643 bytes, checksum: c170162cf678bb2231b61814d5122d48 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-26T16:31:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ramos_ac_me_bauru.pdf: 7932643 bytes, checksum: c170162cf678bb2231b61814d5122d48 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-07-24 / Essa pesquisa de caráter qualitativo teve como objetivo elaborar uma sequência didática pautada na Pedagogia Histórico-Crítica e se propôs a desenvolver um conteúdo específico da Geografia, intitulado “O campo e a cidade: aproximações e diferenças”. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas gravadas com alunos do 3º ano do Ensino Fundamental e professores da Escola Municipal de Ensino Fundamental “Prof.ª Iracema Leite e Silva”, localizada no município de Borebi/SP. Essa escola atende crianças da área urbana e rural e, em especial, alunos provenientes do assentamento “Loiva Lurdes”. Tal sequência resultou em um material didático digital capaz de auxiliar o professor no desenvolvimento de práticas que contribuam para a investigação sobre o uso dos recursos naturais com destaque para os usos da água em atividades cotidianas, de modo a contribuir para a conscientização e manutenção da água potável. / This qualitative research aimed to elaborate a didactic sequence based on HistoricalCritical Pedagogy and proposed to develop a specific content of Geography, entitled "The field and the city: approximations and differences". The data were collected through interviews recorded with students of the 3rd year of Elementary School and teachers of the Municipal School of Primary Education "Prof.ª Iracema Leite e Silva", located in the municipality of Borebi / SP. This school serves children from urban and rural areas, and especially from the "Loiva Lurdes" settlement. This sequence resulted in a digital didactic material able to assist the teacher in the development of practices that contribute to the investigation on the use of natural resources, highlighting the uses of water in daily activities, in order to contribute to the awareness and maintenance of water drinking water

The topic of my diploma thesis is the design of electric ride-on sweeper. At first, the product is analyzed from a designer and technical aspect. From these analytics is determine the purpose of the thesis and made the new specifical design that is friendly with economical, technical and sychological aspects. Easy and easily controllable elements that provide work safety are he next demand.

No description available.

Les mouvements de terrain sont un des facteurs principaux de l'érosion des chaînes de montagnes et représentent un enjeu déterminant dans l'aménagement des vallées. Les phénomènes gravitaires se manifestent sous des formes très variées rarement reconnues et rarement analysées dans leur globalité au sein d'un même massif. Ainsi les liens géométriques et dynamiques les caractérisant ne sont-ils jamais abordés. Ils pourraient cependant représenter un apport substentiel dans la compréhension des processus de déstabilisation, la reconnaisssance et la définition des aléas. <br />Nous avons tout d'abord cartographié les mouvements gravitaires rocheux dans la partie occidentale du massif de l'Argentera Mercantour et étudié leur relation et leur répartition en fonction des variables géologiques et morphologiques régionales. Puis nous nous sommes focalisés sur l'étude de deux cas représentatifs actuels d'échelles différentes sur lesquels nous avons testé et calibré la méthode de tomographie électrique (2D-3D-4D): le glissement de la Clapière et un glissement secondaire emboîté a son pied. <br />Notre étude permet d'établir un lien et un contrôle par la structure tectonique des mouvements d'échelles très différentes : Deep Seated Gravitational Slope Deformations (DSGSD), Deep Seated Landslides (DSL) et glissements superficiels. Ce contrôle s'exprime de différentes façons mais il apparaît de manière générale que l'échelle spatiale des déstabilisations gravitaires qui en résulte est directement proportionnelle à l'échelle temporelle des processus géologiques et morphodynamiques.

Non-specific low back pain (LBP) is a major health problem affecting a substantial portion of the population. The current treatments offered for non-specific LBP are oftentimes unsuccessful because the acting mechanism(s) of most treatment options are unknown. Obtaining a better understanding about the acting mechanism behind existing treatment options is, therefore, essential for the improvement of non-specific LBP treatment and management. The objective of this study was to gain a more comprehensive understanding about the acting mechanism of high velocity low amplitude spinal manipulative therapy, specifically the impact that high velocity low amplitude spinal manipulative therapy may have on the active and passive spinal musculoskeletal stabilizing subsystems along with the resultant spinal stability for healthy participants. A pre-post intervention study design completed by six healthy participants was used to quantify changes in the above noted aspects of spinal stability using a series of tests performed both before and after six sessions of high velocity low amplitude spinal manipulative therapy. The tests included seated balancing tests, lower back range of motion tests, and stress relaxation test. The six sessions of high velocity low amplitude spinal manipulative therapy did not significantly affect any of the test measurements among our healthy participant group.

The objective of this thesis is to improve the knowledge of control mechanisms of hydrological induced mass movements. To this end, detailed hydrological process studies and physically-based hydrological modelling were applied. The study site is a hillslope in the Dornbirn Ache valley near Bregenz, Austria. This so called Heumös slope features a deep-seated translational shear zone and surface near creep movements of up to 10 cm a year. The Cretaceous marlstones of the Austrian Helveticum have a high susceptibility for weathering and might form clay-rich cohesive sediments. In addition, glacial and post-glacial processes formed an unstable hillslope. High yearly precipitation depths of about 2100 mm and rainstorms with both high intensities and precipitation depths govern surface and subsurface hydrological processes. Pressure propagation induced in hydrological active areas influences laterally the groundwater reactions of the moving mass. A complex three-dimensional subsurface pressure system is the cause for fast groundwater reactions despite low hydraulic conductivities. To understand hillslope scale variability, hydrotopes representing specific dominating processes were mapped using vegetation association distribution and soil core analysis. Detailed small-scale soil investigations followed to refine the understanding of these hydrotopes. A perceptional model was developed from the hydrotope distribution and was corroborated by these detailed investigations. The moving hillslope is dominated by surface-runoff generation. Infiltration and deep percolation of water is inhibited through clay-rich gleysols; the yearly average soil moisture is close to saturation. Steep slopes adjacent to the moving hillslope are far more active concerning infiltration, preferential flow and groundwater fluctuations. Spring discharge observations at the toe of the steep slopes are in close relation to groundwater table observations on the moving hillslope body. Evidence of pressure propagation from the steep slopes towards the hillslope body is gathered by comparison of dominating structures and processes. The application of the physically-based hydrological model CATFLOW substantiates the idea of pressure propagation as a key process for groundwater reactions and as a possible trigger for movement in the hillslope. / Diese Arbeit soll die Zusammenhänge von hydrologischen Rahmenbedingungen und Massenbewegungen besser erforschen, damit in Zukunft verbesserte Vorhersagen des Versagenszeitpunktes möglich werden. Das Untersuchungsgebiet besteht aus einem ca. 2 km langen und 500 m breiten Hang mit einem maximalen Höhenunterschied von ca. 400 m. Das dort vorkommende Festgestein besteht im Wesentlichen aus Mergelstein. Die vergangenen Eiszeiten haben dieses Gestein überarbeitet und Grundmoränenablagerungen auf dem Hang zurückgelassen. Diese wurden in den letzen 10.000 Jahren von Hangschutt, der aus den benachbarten Steilhängen stammt, überlagert. Der Hangschutt ist sehr verwitterungsanfällig, die Kalkkristalle lösen sich und wandeln den Hangschutt in lehmiges Material. Bewegungsmessungen an der Oberfläche zeigen, dass sich der Hang mit ca. 10 cm im Jahr talabwärts bewegt. Diese Bewegungen werden sehr wahrscheinlich durch kleine ruckartige Ereignisse in ca. 8 m Tiefe ausgelöst. Ziel der Untersuchungen war, den Wasserhaushalt des Hanges so gut wie möglich zu erfassen und mit Computermodellen abzubilden. Dabei spielt die Heterogenität der pedologischen Eigenschaften einen wesentliche Rolle, als Eingangsparameter für die Modelle. Grundwasserstandsmessungen in 5,5 m Tiefe auf dem Hang zeigen schnelle Reaktionen des Grundwasserspiegels nach Niederschlagsereignissen. Das Wasser dieser Ereignisse kann aber aufgrund des Lehms, der nur eine geringe Wasserdurchlässigkeit für Wasser besitzt, nicht in den tieferen Untergrund gelangen, sondern fließt fast vollständig an der Oberfläche ab. Dahingegen führt ein schnelles Versickern von Wasser in an den Hang anschließenden Steilhängen zu einem schnellen Grundwasseranstieg, der aufgrund eines gespannten Grundwasserleiters den Druck in die Hangrutschung weitergibt. Dort wird ein Überdruck aufgebaut, der sehr wahrscheinlich die Bewegungen auslöst. Die vorliegende Arbeit ist eine detaillierte Herangehensweise um Erkenntnisse aus der Hyrologie für die Bestimmung des Wasserhaushaltes von Massenbewegungen heranzuziehen.

The level and completeness of spinal cord injury (SCI) above the first lumbar vertebra determine the degree of multi-system impairments including altered respiratory function and decreased capacity to maintain upright posture and seated postural stability in humans. Both systems were studied in able-bodied (AB) subjects and individuals with tetraplegia to explore the potential of functional electrical stimulation (FES) as a neuroprosthesis for seated postural control without compromising respiratory function. Data for AB participants (n=10) indicated higher tidal volumes, greater trunk extensor muscle activity, and different values of seated postural stability in upright sitting compared to slouch sitting. In three case studies of individuals with tetraplegia, surface FES was applied to trunk muscles. Changes in tidal volume, respiratory rate, and seated postural stability were case specific. These studies inform the development of a strategy for non-invasive FES as a neuroprosthesis for sitting balance while preserving respiratory function in individuals with SCI.

The level and completeness of spinal cord injury (SCI) above the first lumbar vertebra determine the degree of multi-system impairments including altered respiratory function and decreased capacity to maintain upright posture and seated postural stability in humans. Both systems were studied in able-bodied (AB) subjects and individuals with tetraplegia to explore the potential of functional electrical stimulation (FES) as a neuroprosthesis for seated postural control without compromising respiratory function. Data for AB participants (n=10) indicated higher tidal volumes, greater trunk extensor muscle activity, and different values of seated postural stability in upright sitting compared to slouch sitting. In three case studies of individuals with tetraplegia, surface FES was applied to trunk muscles. Changes in tidal volume, respiratory rate, and seated postural stability were case specific. These studies inform the development of a strategy for non-invasive FES as a neuroprosthesis for sitting balance while preserving respiratory function in individuals with SCI.

Depuis ces dernières décennies, peu de sujets de la géologie de l’ingénieur ont attiré autant l’attention de la communauté scientifique que ceux traitant des risques naturels et plus particulièrement des instabilités gravitaires de grandes ampleurs reconnues sous les termes de DSGSD (Deep Seated Gravitational Slope Deformation) et de DSL (Deep Seated Landslide). Basée sur un nombre limité de cas d’étude à l’échelle naturelle (couplage datation et surveillance récente), la dynamique temporelle à court terme reste l’un de leurs aspects les moins étudiés aujourd’hui. Nous avons choisi l’exemple du massif de la Cristallère, situé en haute Vallée d’Aspe dans les Pyrénées béarnaises, où le DSL de la Cristallère a été récemment identifié et analysé à partir de deux méthodes de datation.Dans la continuité de ce travail, notre première approche consiste à évaluer la dynamique temporelle à court terme des mouvements de ce versant à différentes échelles et à partir de différentes méthodes de positionnement par satellites (constellations GPS et GLONASS) : positionnement multistations RGP (Réseau Géodésique Permanent), statique géodésique avec pivot et statique rapide avec pivot. Nous insistons dans ce travail, compte tenu des résultats originaux obtenus, sur l’intérêt du différentiel GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) avec un pivot qui se doit d’être proche géographiquement des observations à mener afin d’assurer une précision suffisante (de l’ordre du cm).Les observations et l'exploitation des modèles numériques de terrain issues des relevés aériens à différentes échelles obtenus avec un drone du type « aile volante » constituent la deuxième approche de ce travail de recherche. Elles viennent compléter la cartographie du site et démontrer l’existence d’un DSGSD à partir d’une caractérisation géomorphométrique haute résolution et haute précision (de l’ordre du cm également) ; elles permettent d’affiner la délimitation du DSL de la Cristallère et de sa zone la plus active (Pène du Thès) et du DSL du Peilhou.À ces deux approches complémentaires (combinaison de données tridimensionnelles ponctuelles et surfaciques), s’ajoutent préalablement un relevé de terrain géologique etgéophysique (mesures structurales, tomographies de résistivités électriques et profils électromagnétiques Very Low Frequency) ainsi qu’une analyse des archives disponibles sur les ouvrages présents dans le versant instable, tels que la galerie drainante de la centrale hydroélectrique du Baralet et l’ancien tunnel ferroviaire du Peilhou.L’utilisation combinée de ces trois approches confirme que les mouvements profonds du massif de la Cristallère sont encore actifs avec un forçage sismique avéré : la prise de conscience du rôle que peut jouer le DSGSD est tout aussi fondamentale. Ainsi tous les ouvrages existants dans le massif, ou les projets d’aménagement ou de réhabilitation sur ce site doivent considérer l’existence d’une déstructuration, lente et progressive de l’ensemble du massif (DSGSD). Par ailleurs, la méthodologie développée dans ce travail se veut générale et peut être utilisée pour surveiller et suivre, à court et moyen terme, tous types de mouvement de terrain, et en particulier les glissements de terrain ou rocheux, profonds ou superficiels, lents ou rapides. / For these last decades, few subjects of the geology of the engineer have drawn the attention of the scientific community as much as those dealing of the natural hazards and more particularly with large-scale gravitational instabilities known as DSGSD (Deep Seated Gravitational Slope Deformation) and DSL (Deep Seated Landslide). Based on few cases study on a natural scale (dating and recent monitoring), short term temporal dynamics remains one of their least studied aspects today. We made the choice of the Cristallère massif as an example. It is located in Upper Aspe Valley of the Pyrenees (Béarn region). The Cristallère DSL was recently identified and analyzed through two dating methods.On the basis of this work, our first approach consists in assessing short term temporal dynamics of these slopes movements on various scales and with various methods of satellites positioning (GPS and GLONASS constellations): multistation positioning RGP (Permanent Geodetic Network in France), statics geodetic with pivot and fast static with pivot. We insist in this work, given the original results obtained, on the interest of the differential GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) with a pivot which must be geographically close to the observations to be carried out in order to ensure sufficient accuracy (cm).Observations and exploitation of drone digital elevation models of the site from aerial surveys at different scales obtained with a “flying wing” are the second approach to this research work. They complete the mapping of the site and demonstrate the existence of a DSGSD based on a high resolution and high precision geomorphometric characterization (cm); they make it possible to refine the delimitation of the Cristallère DSL and its most active area (Pène du Thès) and the Peilhou DSL.In addition to these two complementary approaches, a geological and geophysical survey (structural geology measurements, electrical resistivity tomographies and electromagnetic profiles Very Low Frequency surveys) and an analysis of the available data on the structures present in the unstable slope, such as the large diameter underground water pipe for the hydroelectric plant of Baralet and the former railway tunnel of Peilhou. The combined use of these three approaches confirms that the deep movements of the Cristallère massif are still active with proven seismic forcing: awareness of the potential role taken by the DSGSD is then fundamental. Thus, all the existing structures in the massif or the projects on this site (new constructions or rehabilitation of old structures) have to consider the existence of a slow and gradual change of the entire massif (DSGSD). Moreover, the methodology developed in this work is intended to be general. It also makes possible to monitor and follow, in the short and medium term, all types of ground movement, in particular landslides or rockslides, deep or superficial, slow or fast.