Many intensive English language students take pretests and posttests at the beginning and end of each semester to determine proficiency gains. Nevertheless, it may not be clear what kinds of gains should be expected over the course of a single semester or how those gains might be influenced by factors such as the learner's first language (L1) or prior proficiency. This study used repeated measures ANOVA and nonparametric tests to examine the speaking and writing pretest and posttest scores of 2331 Novice Mid to Advanced Mid ESL learners over a 15-week semester. Results show that while students on average progressed in speaking and writing, they did not meet the curricular goal of advancing a full proficiency sublevel in these skills. Results suggest that though L1 may have a slight impact on language development over one semester, the effect of prior language proficiency was much more dramatic, with large gains for lower-proficiency learners compared to higher-proficiency learners who slowed or regressed in their proficiency, F(1,756) = 367.5, p < .001, ηp2 = .327. Findings have important implications for pedagogical expectations, especially for learners with a more advanced proficiency who may have different needs compared to lower-proficiency learners.

x, 89 p. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. / The primary purpose of this study is to investigate whether the use of textual Synchronous Computer Mediated Communication (SCMC) can help students improve oral language proficiency when compared with a group of students who engage in face-to-face oral and written practice. A second objective is to investigate how the use of synchronous computer mediated written practice motivates and enhances the students' learning of the language. The participants ( N =56) were 9 th and 10 th grade English-speaking students enrolled in a beginning Spanish class. A paired sample t test was conducted to evaluate whether SCM written exchanges or face-to-face written practice influence language production. The results indicated that the mean language production for CMC written exchanges ( M = 1.79, SD = .833) was significantly greater than the mean language production for face-to-face written exchanges ( M = 1.11, SD = .737, p = .002). Qualitative results suggests that engaging learners in authentic interaction with other students of slightly higher language proficiency through the use of textual synchronous technology enhances their language skills as well as their overall learning experience. / Committee in charge: Kathleen Scalise, Chairperson, Educational Leadership; Philip McCullum, Member, Educational Leadership; Paul Yovanoff, Member, Educational Leadership; Robert Davis, Outside Member, Romance Languages

Walden University College of Education This is to certify that the doctoral study by Joye Elfreda Henry has been found to be complete and satisfactory in all respects, and that any and all revisions required by the review committee have been made. Review Committee Dr. Gloria Jacobs, Committee Chairperson, Education Faculty Dr. Jerita Whaley, Committee Member, Education Faculty Dr. Mark Earley, University Reviewer, Education Faculty Chief Academic Officer Eric Riedel, Ph.D. Walden University 2018

The Missionary Training Center (MTC), affiliated with the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, needs a reliable and cost effective way to measure the oral language proficiency of missionaries learning Spanish. The MTC needed to measure incoming missionaries' Spanish language proficiency for training and classroom assignment as well as to provide exit measures of institutional progress. Oral proficiency interviews and semi-direct assessments require highly trained raters, which is costly and time-consuming. The Elicited Imitation (EI) test is a computerized, automated test that measures oral language proficiency by having the participant hear and repeat utterances of varying syllable length in the target language. It is economical, simple to administer, and rate. This dissertation outlined the process of creating and scoring an EI test for the MTC. Item Response Theory (IRT) was used to analyze a large bank of EI items. The best performing 43 items comprise the final version MTC Spanish EI test. Questions about what linguistic features (syllable length, grammatical difficulty) contribute to item difficulty were addressed. Regression analysis showed that syllable length predicted item difficulty, whereas grammar difficulty did not.