Orientador: Hung Kiang Chang / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-25T21:45:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DeGasperi_Andre_M.pdf: 15227160 bytes, checksum: cda675b39721b02912e8e36afd9ff03e (MD5) Previous issue date: 1999 / Resumo: Neste trabalho foram modelados numericamente a salinização da água de formação e a migração secundária e acumulação dos hidrocarbonetos que preenchem os reservatórios do Membro Carmópolis, da Formação Muribeca, na Bacia de Sergipe. O modelo geológico-geoquímico que serviu de base para a modelagem numérica da salinização foi reproduzido utilizando um simulador de difusão iônica construído para este fim. A simulação considerou a infiltração de água meteórica em porções localizadas nas bordas da bacia, a dissolução de sal da unidade sobreposta e a difusão iônica lateral, como os principais processos controladores da salinização da água de formação. A modelagem da migração secundária e acumulação de hidrocarbonetos na área foi realizada utilizando um simulador de escoamento comercial. A simulação exigiu duas fontes distintas de hidrocarbonetos, configurando duas rotas de migração. Este processo ocorreu inicialmente por migração vertical, através de zona de falha, seguido por deslocamento lateral focalizado, através das rochas carreadoras, até o óleo acumular nas estruturas ou escapar para superfície, nas bordas da bacia / Abstract: In the present study, formation water salinity and secondary migration and accumulation of hydrocarbon in reservoir rocks of Carmópolis Member, Muribeca Formation, were numerically modelled. The geologic-geochemical model of formation water salinity evolution was successfully modelled using an ionic diffusion simulator developed for the present work. The model considered meteoric water infiltration in the basin borders, dissolution of overlying salt beds and lateral ionic diffusion. Secondary migration and accumulation in the study area were modelled using a commercial flow simulator, which required two hydrocarbon sources and two distinct migration pathways. This process occurred initially by vertical migration of hydrocarbon through fault zone, followed by focused lateral migration in the carrier beds, reaching the traps or seeping to the surface / Mestrado / Mestre em Engenharia de Petróleo

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The aim of this study is to get an enhanced understanding of why and how young Syrian refugee males in Jordan prepare for irregular travel to Europe. Through eight semi-structured interviews with Syrians in their 20s and 30s residing in Amman, and a conceptual framework of life plan, existential mobility and social network theory, this research hopefully enhances our understanding of the dynamic and uncertain process of onwards irregular refugee travel. I conclude that discrepancies between the narrative of self and the actual situation may trigger secondary migration, while the social capital inherent in the social network of an individual is essential in the preparation phase of onwards movement. Moreover, the results indicate that latent ties are use actively to assess the reliability of the large pool of information accessed through membership in social media networks.

Tout comme la plupart des pays industrialisés, le Canada, et plus particulièrement, le Québec, est caractérisé par une forte concentration de la population immigrante sur son territoire. Encore aujourd’hui, la région métropolitaine de Montréal accueille la majorité des immigrants internationaux admis dans la province, ce qui sous-entend que le reste de la province n’attire qu’une part négligeable de l’immigration. En 1992, le gouvernement du Québec a mis en place une politique de régionalisation dans le but de mieux répartir la population immigrante sur le territoire. Cette politique visait d’une part, à encourager les immigrants internationaux à s’établir en dehors de Montréal et, d’autre part, à faire partager les bénéfices de l’immigration à toutes les régions. Mais qu’en est-il des résultats et des effets de cette politique? Jusqu’à maintenant, on connaît toujours peu de choses sur le sujet et sur les caractéristiques des immigrants qui décident de s’établir en « région ». L’objectif de cette recherche est donc de faire le bilan quantitatif et qualitatif de l’immigration au Québec afin de vérifier si cette politique a eu des répercussions sur le choix de destination des immigrants internationaux. Le premier chapitre est essentiellement consacré à la recension des écrits au sujet de la régionalisation de l’immigration, notamment en ce qui à trait au phénomène de concentration géographique et des tendances à l’échelle nationale et internationale. Un premier portrait des immigrants établis au Canada et au Québec complètera ce chapitre. Le deuxième chapitre analyse l’évolution des flux migratoires et de la régionalisation au Québec de 1982 à 2006. Le dernier chapitre a pour objectif d’évaluer la capacité de rétention des régions. Cela permettra de dresser le portrait actuel de la population immigrée, c’est-à-dire de connaître la région de destination réelle des immigrants. Les résultats de cette recherche nous permettent de croire que les effets de cette politique tardent à se manifester et que les efforts déployés dans le but d’une répartition mieux équilibrée de l’immigration ont porté fruit davantage à la banlieue de Montréal. / Like most industrialized countries, Canada and more specifically, Quebec, is characterized by a high concentration of the immigrant population on its territory. Still today, the Montreal metropolitan area welcomes the majority of international immigrants that enters the province, which means that the rest of the province only receives a negligible portion of the immigrant population. In 1992, the Quebec government put in place a regionalization policy, hoping to better distribute the immigrant population across its territory. This policy had two goals; the first was to encourage the international immigrants to settle outside of Montreal, and the second, to spread the benefits of immigration across the province. What were the results and effects of this policy? Up until now, we know very little on the subject and on the characteristics of the immigrants who choose to settle outside Montreal in the “regions”. The objective of this research is to make a quantitative and qualitative assessment of immigration in Quebec in order to verify if this policy has affected the international immigrants’ settlement choice. The first chapter is essentially devoted to summarizing the various writings on the regionalization of immigration, particularly on the phenomenon of geographic concentration and the national and international trends. A first description of the immigrants established in Canada and Quebec is going to complete this chapter. The second chapter will analyze the evolution of the migratory flows and regionalization in Quebec from 1982 to 2006. The objective of the last chapter is to evaluate the regions’ retention capability. This will permit to depict the current immigrant population (i.e., identifying the current region of settlement of the immigrants). The results of this research suggest that the effects of this policy are not yet apparent and the efforts deployed to achieve a more balanced distribution of immigration benefited the suburbs of Montreal more than they did the regions of Quebec.

Tout comme la plupart des pays industrialisés, le Canada, et plus particulièrement, le Québec, est caractérisé par une forte concentration de la population immigrante sur son territoire. Encore aujourd’hui, la région métropolitaine de Montréal accueille la majorité des immigrants internationaux admis dans la province, ce qui sous-entend que le reste de la province n’attire qu’une part négligeable de l’immigration. En 1992, le gouvernement du Québec a mis en place une politique de régionalisation dans le but de mieux répartir la population immigrante sur le territoire. Cette politique visait d’une part, à encourager les immigrants internationaux à s’établir en dehors de Montréal et, d’autre part, à faire partager les bénéfices de l’immigration à toutes les régions. Mais qu’en est-il des résultats et des effets de cette politique? Jusqu’à maintenant, on connaît toujours peu de choses sur le sujet et sur les caractéristiques des immigrants qui décident de s’établir en « région ». L’objectif de cette recherche est donc de faire le bilan quantitatif et qualitatif de l’immigration au Québec afin de vérifier si cette politique a eu des répercussions sur le choix de destination des immigrants internationaux. Le premier chapitre est essentiellement consacré à la recension des écrits au sujet de la régionalisation de l’immigration, notamment en ce qui à trait au phénomène de concentration géographique et des tendances à l’échelle nationale et internationale. Un premier portrait des immigrants établis au Canada et au Québec complètera ce chapitre. Le deuxième chapitre analyse l’évolution des flux migratoires et de la régionalisation au Québec de 1982 à 2006. Le dernier chapitre a pour objectif d’évaluer la capacité de rétention des régions. Cela permettra de dresser le portrait actuel de la population immigrée, c’est-à-dire de connaître la région de destination réelle des immigrants. Les résultats de cette recherche nous permettent de croire que les effets de cette politique tardent à se manifester et que les efforts déployés dans le but d’une répartition mieux équilibrée de l’immigration ont porté fruit davantage à la banlieue de Montréal. / Like most industrialized countries, Canada and more specifically, Quebec, is characterized by a high concentration of the immigrant population on its territory. Still today, the Montreal metropolitan area welcomes the majority of international immigrants that enters the province, which means that the rest of the province only receives a negligible portion of the immigrant population. In 1992, the Quebec government put in place a regionalization policy, hoping to better distribute the immigrant population across its territory. This policy had two goals; the first was to encourage the international immigrants to settle outside of Montreal, and the second, to spread the benefits of immigration across the province. What were the results and effects of this policy? Up until now, we know very little on the subject and on the characteristics of the immigrants who choose to settle outside Montreal in the “regions”. The objective of this research is to make a quantitative and qualitative assessment of immigration in Quebec in order to verify if this policy has affected the international immigrants’ settlement choice. The first chapter is essentially devoted to summarizing the various writings on the regionalization of immigration, particularly on the phenomenon of geographic concentration and the national and international trends. A first description of the immigrants established in Canada and Quebec is going to complete this chapter. The second chapter will analyze the evolution of the migratory flows and regionalization in Quebec from 1982 to 2006. The objective of the last chapter is to evaluate the regions’ retention capability. This will permit to depict the current immigrant population (i.e., identifying the current region of settlement of the immigrants). The results of this research suggest that the effects of this policy are not yet apparent and the efforts deployed to achieve a more balanced distribution of immigration benefited the suburbs of Montreal more than they did the regions of Quebec.

This research aims to gain a detailed understanding of the push and pull factors that lead many Syrians in Turkey to migrate to Europe. Syrians are pushed to migrate for various reasons, including socio-economic difficulties in Turkey. It explores the Syrians’ experiences in Turkey and the elements that have deterred them from gaining the fundamental rights of accommodation, access to the labor market, and refugee status. The pull factors refer to the gains that the Syrians might achieve when migrating to Europe. These gains are socio-economic gains that assure a better future for them in Europe in comparison to their presence in Turkey. In this case, this research also explores how the Syrians plan to migrate to Europe by employing the influence of their social networks to conduct their secondary migration. This qualitative study uses seven semi-structured interviews and analyzes the experiences of the interviewees in order to reach concrete conclusions. The results of this study, according to the interviewees’ experiences, show that restrictive Turkish policies and procedures have pushed many Syrians to migrate. At the same time, the Syrians are attracted to migrating to Europe for better protection for them and their children. The findings also demonstrate that social ties influenced Syrians in their decision to migrate to Europe and avoid being deported to Syria.

La plupart des immigrants qui arrivent au Canada s’installent d’abord dans les grands centres urbains. Ce phénomène a motivé des études sur la migration secondaire, qui cherchent à comprendre les raisons de cette concentration et les facteurs qui conduisent les immigrants à partir pour d’autres villes. Cependant, la majorité des études utilisent des méthodes quantitatives et peu d’entre elles cherchent à comprendre le point de vue des immigrants, ainsi que le processus d’adaptation vécu le long de cette trajectoire. À l’aide d’entrevues semi-dirigées, cette recherche vise à analyser l’adaptation des immigrants à Montréal et dans les villes d’une région du Québec, dans leurs communautés et dans leur milieu de travail. L’analyse et la présentation des résultats sont basées sur le modèle d’adaptation proposé par Young Yun Kim, qui considère la communication comme un aspect central du processus d’adaptation, résultant d’une interaction dynamique entre l’individu et l’environnement. Les résultats montrent que les immigrants cherchent à améliorer l’expérience d’adaptation tout au long de leur trajectoire. L’adaptation initiale facilite l’adaptation dans la deuxième ville, mais elle crée également de nouvelles attentes, car Montréal n’est pas en mesure de fournir tout ce dont les immigrants attendent. Bien que la présence d’immigrants et de services soit plus importante à Montréal, l’adaptation initiale représente un défi pour la plupart d’entre eux, qui ne connaissent pas les règles locales au début et ne se sentent pas intégrés à la communauté. Le multiculturalisme et le dynamisme économique favorisent toutefois l’insertion et l’adaptation sur le marché du travail. L’adaptation dans la deuxième ville s’avère finalement plus facile pour la plupart, qui font également état d’un plus grand sentiment d’appartenance et d’une meilleure qualité de vie. Cependant, l’intégration professionnelle représente un défi pour ceux qui quittent Montréal sans avoir planifié leur insertion au marché de travail. / Most immigrants who arrive in Canada initially settle in large urban centers. This phenomenon has motivated studies of secondary migration, which seek to understand the reasons for this concentration and the factors that lead immigrants to leave for other cities. However, most studies use quantitative methods, and few seek to understand the perspective of immigrants and the adaptation process experienced along this trajectory. Using semi-structured interviews, this research aims to analyze the adaptation of immigrants in Montreal and in cities in a region of Quebec, in their communities and in their workplaces. The analysis and presentation of the results are based on the adaptation model proposed by Young Yun Kim, who considers communication as a central aspect of the adaptation process, resulting from a dynamic interaction between the individual and the environment. The results show that immigrants seek to improve their adaptation experience throughout their trajectory. The adaptation in the first city facilitates adaptation in the second city, but it also creates new expectations, as Montreal is not able to provide everything that immigrants expect. Although there is a greater presence of immigrants and services in Montreal, the initial adaptation is a challenge for most of them, who are not familiar with the local rules at first and do not feel integrated into the community. However, the multiculturalism and economic dynamism of the city make it easier to integrate and adapt to the job market. Adaptation in the second city is ultimately easier for most and they report a greater sense of belonging and a better quality of life. However, professional integration is a challenge for those who leave Montreal without having planned their transition into the regional job market.