Resume This thesis called Methodology of rape investigation (specific issues) is focused on problems with rape investigations, special attention is paid to treatment of authorities (and other persons) with victims in criminal proceedings. The reason for my choice of this theme is the lack of attention given to this topic (particularly handling with victims). Although in the last few years the situation is getting better, the specific investigating problems remain. The thesis is divided into five chapters, first two of them are more theoretical, other sections are rather practical and are based on my own empirical research from court cases which I have studied. Chapter One deals with the criminal view of rape, especially history of rape and legal definitions in Czech statutes. The next part of the chapter is focused on criminological aspects of this crime, i.e. possible causes of rape, typology of offenders and victims, definition of secondary victimisation etc. Chapter Two is about methodology of rape investigation, and is specialized on the most frequent investigating acts connected with rape, i.e. interrogation, examination of victim's body, crime scene examination, genetic expert opinion, psychiatric expert opinion etc. The end of the chapter reveals myths associated with rape. Next chapter is based on...

A dearth in research pertaining to the secondary victimisation of child victims in the criminal justice system (CJS) exists. The study set out to conduct a criminological investigation into the prevalence and nature of secondary victimisation of child victims, identifying whether current policies and legislation are enforced in practice, and considering and describing measures which should be taken to reduce the occurrence of secondary victimisation of child victims in the CJS. In order to achieve this aim, a qualitative research approach was applied and Piquero and Hickman’s extended control balance theory guided the study. Eleven semi-structured interviews were conducted with role-players who have at least two years’ experience working with child victims in the CJS. These role-players consisted of one social worker in private practice and social workers from the Teddy Bear Clinic for Abused Children. By utilising thematic analysis, distinct themes and sub-themes were identified. The results indicated that child victims invariably encounter secondary victimisation whilst proceeding through the CJS. This victimisation was reiterated to be related to various criminal justice professionals who deal with child victims without the sufficient training and knowledge needed. The effect of secondary victimisation was proven to be substantial on child victims and showed to often result in withdrawal, delinquent behaviours as well as suicidal tendencies. The majority of the participants affirmed that the current provisions, although powerful in theory, are not being enforced in practice and expressed the dire need for training to be provided to all professionals who engage with child victims. / Dissertation (MA)--University ofPretoria, 2019. / Social Work and Criminology / MA / Unrestricted

(in English): The thesis "Interaction of police investigators with selected participants of criminal proceedings and its impact on recognition" is studies the interaction and communication of criminal proceeding participants and its influence on the quality of those proceedings on recognition. The theoretical part deals with criminal proceedings such as all the trial requirements and factors which affect police investigation. Rights and responsibilities of all participants of trials are defined. Furthermore, communication, its types and categories and -most of all -its impact on successful police interrogation is examined. We also mention interpersonal perception. In the theoretical part of the thesis a lot of attention is devoted to the personality of police investigators and to significant characteristics which form the foundation of police profession. In conclusion of the theoretical part we describe the aspects which control the investigation and potential offender recognition. In the empirical part the aim was to find out what impact the quality of instructions has on successful offender recognition. The empirical part was performed in an experiment. The research participants were devided into categories according to chosen standards. Then they were presented with a video recording of a...

This diploma thesis is comprised of a theoretical section and a practical section. The first theoretical subchapter introduces the CAN syndrome. The second theoretical subchapter focuses on the relevant international and national child protection legislation. The third subchapter "Child Interrogation" deals with the issue of the historical development of child interrogation techniques and methods, and the currently recommended interrogation techniques used to interrogate children in keeping with the Act on Criminal Judicial Procedure No. 141/1961 in the Czech Republic. The third subchapter also concerns with the character traits of the investigator, the qualification requirements of this profession and the fundamental methodology used to prevent a child's secondary victimisation. The fourth theoretical subchapter focuses on the specially designed interrogation room used, among others, for child interrogation. The theoretical part is based on reference literature and relevant legislation. The practical section includes the results of qualitative research. The first subchapter focuses on two case studies of child victims of abuse interrogation. The second subchapter analyses six interviews conducted with a methodological worker and with five investigators, who discuss their experience with the...

La victimisation secondaire survient lorsque les victimes d’actes criminels subissent une première blessure par le crime et une seconde par les acteurs du système de justice pénale. Cependant, les recherches empiriques actuelles ne sont pas concluantes quant à l’impact du système de justice pénale sur les victimes. À cet effet, l’absence d’instrument standardisé pour mesurer la victimisation secondaire donne lieu à une opérationnalisation différente de ce construit d’une étude à l’autre, ce qui rend difficile la comparaison des études sur le sujet entre elles. Dans cette recherche, une tentative de standardisation de ce construit a été entreprise, afin de fournir une meilleure compréhension de la victimisation secondaire et de ses effets. Nous avons ainsi créé l’Institutional Betrayal Questionnaire in the Criminal Justice System (IBQ-CJS), un questionnaire que nous avons adapté et traduit en français à partir du Institutional Betrayal Questionnaire (IBQ) de Smith et Freyd (2013, 2017). L’IBQ-CJS a été employé auprès de 26 victimes (N = 26) impliquées dans des poursuites judiciaires et dont la cause avait été ou était présentement entendue devant une cour criminelle du Québec pour mesurer la victimisation secondaire. L’analyse des propriétés psychométriques de l’IBQ-CJS montre une bonne consistance interne (α = 0,82), alors que la validité de construit de l’instrument n’a pu être démontrée. L’IBQ-CJS a ensuite été employé pour explorer les facteurs de risque et les conséquences potentiellement associés à la victimisation secondaire, ce qui s’est avéré infructueux lors des analyses bivariées. Les limites et les avantages de cette étude, ainsi que les implications qui en découle pour de futures recherches, seront finalement soulignés. / Secondary victimisation occurs when crime victims are firstly harmed by the crime and suffer a second injury or an additional harm afterwards by the authorities of the criminal justice system. However, empirical studies conducted so far on the impact of the criminal justice system on victims are inconclusive. On this matter, the lack of a standardized measure for secondary victimisation has generated different operationalizations of this construct across studies, making it difficult to arrive to any generalizable conclusions regarding the results of past research. This study attempts to standardize this construct to give a better understanding of secondary victimisation and its effects. We created the Institutional Betrayal Questionnaire in the Criminal Justice System (IBQ-CJS), a questionnaire that we adapted and translated in French based on the Institutional Betrayal Questionnaire (IBQ) by Smith and Freyd (2013, 2017). The IBQ-CJS was employed among 26 victims (N = 26) who were involved in legal proceedings and whose causes were currently or had been heard in a criminal court of the province of Quebec to assess secondary victimisation. The analysis of the psychometric properties of the IBQ-CJS shows a high internal consistency (α = 0,82), although the construct validity of this instrument was inconclusive. The IBQ-CJS was secondly used to explore risk factors and consequences that might be linked to secondary victimisation, which also proved to be inconclusive using bivariate analysis. The limitations and the benefits of this study, as well as the implications it holds for future research, will finally be emphasized.

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,&quot / serif&quot / ">Crime victims once played a prominent role in the criminal justice system. Historically, victims who sought to bring their wrongdoers to justice conducted </span> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html / charset=utf-8"> <meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"> <meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 12"> <meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 12"><span style="font-size: 12pt / line-height: 115% / font-family: &quot / Times New Roman&quot / ,&quot / serif&quot / ">their own investigations<span style=""> </span>and argued their own cases or employed others to do so. As time passed,<span style="">&nbsp / </span>a distinction was drawn between offences against the social order and disputes between individuals. Crime control became a function of government and the state increased its responsibility for the investigation and punishment of criminal conduct. Gradually, the victim was removed from the proceedings and relegated to serving as a witness for the state. The assumption was that the state, whilst representing the interests </span> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html / charset=utf-8"> <meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"> <meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 12"> <meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 12"><span style="font-size: 12pt / line-height: 115% / font-family: &quot / Times New Roman&quot / ,&quot / serif&quot / ">of society, would represent the interests</span> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html / charset=utf-8"> <meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"> <meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 12"> <meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 12"><span style="font-size: 12pt / line-height: 115% / font-family: &quot / Times New Roman&quot / ,&quot / serif&quot / "> of the victim also. This fallacy provided the foundation for a criminal justice which, until recently, encourage victim exclusion. In recent years, there has been a clear trend towards re-introducing the right of victims to participate in the criminal justice process. This international trend has been labelled the &bdquo / return of the victim‟. In South Africa, the Constitution and, in particular, the Bill of Rights contained therein underscore the move towards procedural rights for victims of crime. Moreover, the South African government has taken significant legislative steps to ensure that victims have formal rights in criminal justice proceedings. However, to date, comparatively little attention has been paid to the question of whether or not victims should be allowed a meaningful role in the process of plea and sentence negotiations. One of the aims of this study is to determine whether victims‟ rights are properly understood, defined and implemented within the criminal justice system. In particular, this study aims to clarify the rights of victims who find themselves affiliated with a specific stage of criminal prosecution, namely, negotiated justice.<span style="">&nbsp / </span><span style="">&nbsp / </span><span style="">&nbsp / </span><span style="">&nbsp / </span></span> </meta> </meta> </meta> </meta> </meta> </meta> </meta> </meta> </meta> </meta> </meta> </meta> </meta> </meta> </meta> </meta> </p>

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,&quot / serif&quot / ">Crime victims once played a prominent role in the criminal justice system. Historically, victims who sought to bring their wrongdoers to justice conducted </span> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html / charset=utf-8"> <meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"> <meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 12"> <meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 12"><span style="font-size: 12pt / line-height: 115% / font-family: &quot / Times New Roman&quot / ,&quot / serif&quot / ">their own investigations<span style=""> </span>and argued their own cases or employed others to do so. As time passed,<span style="">&nbsp / </span>a distinction was drawn between offences against the social order and disputes between individuals. Crime control became a function of government and the state increased its responsibility for the investigation and punishment of criminal conduct. Gradually, the victim was removed from the proceedings and relegated to serving as a witness for the state. The assumption was that the state, whilst representing the interests </span> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html / charset=utf-8"> <meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"> <meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 12"> <meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 12"><span style="font-size: 12pt / line-height: 115% / font-family: &quot / Times New Roman&quot / ,&quot / serif&quot / ">of society, would represent the interests</span> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html / charset=utf-8"> <meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"> <meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 12"> <meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 12"><span style="font-size: 12pt / line-height: 115% / font-family: &quot / Times New Roman&quot / ,&quot / serif&quot / "> of the victim also. This fallacy provided the foundation for a criminal justice which, until recently, encourage victim exclusion. In recent years, there has been a clear trend towards re-introducing the right of victims to participate in the criminal justice process. This international trend has been labelled the &bdquo / return of the victim‟. In South Africa, the Constitution and, in particular, the Bill of Rights contained therein underscore the move towards procedural rights for victims of crime. Moreover, the South African government has taken significant legislative steps to ensure that victims have formal rights in criminal justice proceedings. However, to date, comparatively little attention has been paid to the question of whether or not victims should be allowed a meaningful role in the process of plea and sentence negotiations. One of the aims of this study is to determine whether victims‟ rights are properly understood, defined and implemented within the criminal justice system. In particular, this study aims to clarify the rights of victims who find themselves affiliated with a specific stage of criminal prosecution, namely, negotiated justice.<span style="">&nbsp / </span><span style="">&nbsp / </span><span style="">&nbsp / </span><span style="">&nbsp / </span></span> </meta> </meta> </meta> </meta> </meta> </meta> </meta> </meta> </meta> </meta> </meta> </meta> </meta> </meta> </meta> </meta> </p>

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Magister Legum - LLM / Crime victims once played a prominent role in the criminal justice system. Historically, victims who sought to bring their wrongdoers to justice conducted their own investigations and argued their own cases or employed others to do so. As time passed, a distinction was drawn between offences against the social order and disputes between individuals. Crime control became a function of government and the state increased its responsibility for the investigation and punishment of criminal conduct. Gradually, the victim was removed from the proceedings and relegated to serving as a witness for the state. The assumption was that the state, whilst representing the interests of society, would represent the interests of the victim also. This fallacy provided the foundation for a criminal justice which, until recently, encourage victim exclusion. In recent years, there has been a clear trend towards re-introducing the right of victims to participate in the criminal justice process. This international trend has been labelled the „return of the victim‟. In South Africa, the Constitution and, in particular, the Bill of Rights contained therein underscore the move towards procedural rights for victims of crime. Moreover, the South African government has taken significant legislative steps to ensure that victims have formal rights in criminal justice proceedings. However, to date, comparatively little attention has been paid to the question of whether or not victims should be allowed a meaningful role in the process of plea and sentence negotiations. One of the aims of this study is to determine whether victims‟ rights are properly understood, defined and implemented within the criminal justice system. In particular, this study aims to clarify the rights of victims who find themselves affiliated with a specific stage of criminal prosecution, namely, negotiated justice.