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The national project of the African National Congress (ANC), the National Democratic Revolution (NDR), guides the post-apartheid state’s work to develop a new African middle class through policies such as Affirmative Action and Black Economic Empowerment. A substantial portion of the Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU) public sector trade union members have been the beneficiaries of this project. COSATU is considered as a working-class organisation with a commitment to socialist politics, whereas the ANC is seen as a party that has emerged out of multi-class interests, dominated by the politics of nationalism. The underlying assumption is that much of the conflict between COSATU and the ANC is connected only to class politics. In the post-apartheid era, there has been a shift to Africanism as the ANC’s hegemonic non-racialism nationalism. This has acquired momentum both inside and outside the ranks of the ANC and its allies, including COSATU. As a result, questions about COSATU’s political traditions and its membership composition have emerged. To address this, my study’s contribution is that there are signs of new worker identity, organic workerism, emerging amongst the membership of the Democratic Nursing Association of South Africa (DENOSA) and to a lesser extent amongst the membership of the South African Democratic Teachers Union (SADTU), two public sector affiliates of COSATU, in the province of Gauteng. The ANC’s ideology was hegemonic through the NDR in COSATU but as it endeavoured to manage too many contradictions, it has now run its course in post-apartheid South Africa. What is striking about organic workerism is that it is challenging the hegemonic ANC’s NDR within COSATU. The identification of organic workerism emerged through an interrogation of a selection of COSATU’s public sector trade union members’ class location, guided by the notion of contradictory class location, their racial identities and subjectivities and intersections with their gendered identities and subjectivities. My study concludes that COSATU and its public sector trade unions are far more complex and contested in terms of their political traditions and in terms of their membership in post-apartheid South Africa. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2020. / Sociology / PhD / Unrestricted

Zimbabwe has been experiencing an exponential increase in the levels of household poverty because of the contraction of the formal economy. This state of affairs has resulted in a significant proportion of Zimbabweans engaging in informal sector trade to mitigate the effects of economic decline. The goal of the study was to determine the contribution of informal sector trade to poverty reduction in Rusape, Zimbabwe. The researcher adopted a qualitative research approach and the study was applied in nature as it sought to understand how poverty can be reduced through informal sector trade. The research design was a collective case study. The researcher made use of availability sampling and interviewed participants who were willing and available on a one-on-one basis. The study contextualised how informal sector trade reduces poverty within the social development approach. The study established that informal trade was a commercial enterprise that was undertaken by both men and women of all ages to sustain their households. Engagement in informal trade accorded informal traders the opportunity to be self-sufficient and to generate incomes. The incomes obtained from informal trade enabled the participants to provide for the dietary, medical, housing and educational needs of their families. The study also revealed a number of business survival strategies employed by informal traders to ensure sustainability. Findings show that rotational credit and savings schemes (ROCSS) play an important role in sustaining informal trade operations and their contribution to a reduction in household poverty. The study concluded that engagement in informal trade reduces household poverty. Recommendations include how the State can facilitate the growth of the informal sector. Furthermore, it is recommended that the social work profession should actively engage government structures and advocate for the development of the informal sector and the widespread adoption of the social development approach which reduces poverty in a sustainable manner. / Dissertation (MSW)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / am2014 / Social Work and Criminology / unrestricted

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T16:32:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PAULA_REGINA_ ANTUNES.pdf: 685808 bytes, checksum: f52843928a528bc348b048461b346795 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-12-10 / The process of selection and recruitment are intended to choose the professional that best meet the required profile for the vacancy to be filled at the company, using requirements and methods for evaluation of human behavior. However, the organizations, the desire to hire a candidate with higher qualification and best suited to the role profile, using aspects of research that does not aim to evaluate the fitness professional, violating the intimacy and privacy of the applicant. From this perspective, the overall goal of this research is to verify the requirements in the selection processes of candidates in the companies of the trade in the municipality of Francisco Beltran-PR industry. The study is qualitative and quantitative. The sample consisted of 139 companies identified from the Trade Union of the Municipality. Data collection took place from the 04th to 10th November 2014, by applying a questionnaire to the companies responsible for hiring the city trade sector. Data were analyzed using the statistical method of cluster, using the software SPSS 18. The results showed that the participants practice discriminatory conduct, requiring candidates personal and professional references (81%). The survey also revealed that 50% of companies require a good-looking candidates, as well as appropriate dress and behavior (74%) and 52% elect age as an important requirement for hiring, with 56% of participants perform in consultation bodies SPC and the credit bureau. With regard to the requirement of time in previous employment, 74% of participating companies consider as an important requirement in hiring. Furthermore, 65% would not hire pregnant women candidates and 84% consider the use of chemicals. We conclude that, despite the constitutional protection and all existing legal apparatus, the companies of the trade of Francisco Beltran sector during the pre-contractual stage practice discriminatory acts. / O processo de seleção e recrutamento têm como propósito escolher os profissionais que mais atendam ao perfil requerido pela vaga a ser preenchida na empresa, utilizando requisitos e métodos para avaliação do comportamento humano. No entanto, as organizações, no anseio de contratar um candidato com maior qualificação e com o perfil mais adequado à função, se utiliza de investigação de aspectos que não visam avaliar a aptidão profissional, violando a intimidade e a vida privada do candidato. Nessa perspectiva, o objetivo geral da presente pesquisa é verificar os requisitos exigidos nos processos de seleção dos candidatos nas empresas do setor do comércio do município de Francisco Beltrão-PR. O estudo é quali-quantitativo. A amostra foi composta de 139 empresas, identificadas a partir do Sindicato do Comércio do município. A coleta dos dados ocorreu entre 04 a 10 de Novembro de 2014, mediante a aplicação de um questionário ao setor responsável pela contratação de empresas do comércio da cidade. Os dados foram analisados através do método estatístico de cluster, utilizando-se do software PASW 18. Os resultados mostraram que as participantes praticam conduta discriminatória, exigindo dos candidatos referências pessoais e profissionais (81%). A pesquisa também revelou que 50% das empresas exigem uma boa aparência dos candidatos, bem como vestimenta e comportamento adequado (74%) e 52% elegem a idade como requisito importante para a contratação, sendo que 56% das participantes realizam consulta nos órgãos de do SERASA e SPC. No que se refere à exigência de tempo no emprego anterior, 74% das empresas participantes consideram como requisito importante na contratação. Ademais, 65% não contratariam candidatas gestantes e 84% levam em consideração a utilização de substâncias químicas. Conclui-se que, apesar da proteção constitucional e de todo aparato legislativo existente, as empresas do setor do comércio de Francisco Beltrão, durante a fase pré-contratual praticam atos discriminatórios.