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Where the state is not strong enough : what can army reconstruction tell us about change necessary to the OECD DAC SSR principles?Robinson, C. D. January 2015 (has links)
Post-conflict army reconstruction is an important element of security sector reform (SSR), tracing its origins to at least 1980, before the SSR concept itself was formulated. Reconstruction of security forces is an important element in wider postconflict reconstruction, and for political reasons, an army has almost always deemed necessary. Since 1998, SSR itself has been increasingly conceptualized, with principles for SSR having been laid down by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) since 2004. Yet SSR faces a host of philosophical and practical problems, perhaps the greatest being the gap between theory and practice (Chanaa's 'conceptual-contextual divide'). To make SSR efforts more successful, the underlying principles need to be revised and amended. Post-conflict army reconstruction experience since 1980, and associated academic study, military doctrine, and work by international organizations (particularly the OECD) can provide a basis for such revision. This thesis aims to survey post-conflict army reconstruction activities since 1980, draw overall lessons from that review and field study in Liberia, and propose amendments to the SSR principles on that basis.
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Where the state is not strong enough : what can army reconstruction tell us about change necessary to the OECD DAC SSR principles?Robinson, C D 07 September 2015 (has links)
Post-conflict army reconstruction is an important element of security sector reform (SSR), tracing its origins to at least 1980, before the SSR concept itself was formulated. Reconstruction of security forces is an important element in wider postconflict reconstruction, and for political reasons, an army has almost always deemed necessary.
Since 1998, SSR itself has been increasingly conceptualized, with principles for SSR having been laid down by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) since 2004. Yet SSR faces a host of philosophical and practical problems, perhaps the greatest being the gap between theory and practice (Chanaa's 'conceptual-contextual divide'). To make SSR efforts more successful, the underlying principles need to be revised and amended. Post-conflict army reconstruction experience since 1980, and associated academic study, military doctrine, and work by international organizations (particularly the OECD) can provide a basis for such revision. This thesis aims to survey post-conflict army reconstruction activities since 1980, draw overall lessons from that review and field study in Liberia, and propose amendments to the SSR principles on that basis. / © Cranfield University, 2011
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Evaluation of the Conflict Prevention Pools: The Security Sector Reform Strategy.Ball, N. January 2004 (has links)
yes / P5. The evaluation was undertaken by Bradford University, Channel Research Ltd, the
PARC & Associated Consultants. The GCPP Security Sector Reform (SSR) case study
was carried out by Ms Nicole Ball who has conducted extensive fieldwork on SSR in a
number of countries. This study was carried out through review of relevant documents,
including the reports of geographic case studies undertaken for the evaluation, and interview
of UK-based officials involved in SSR work. The UK-based interviews focused on several
categories of stakeholders: members of the SSR Strategy Steering Group; members of the SSR Policy Committee; representatives of three main SSR Strategy instruments (DAT,
GFN, Defence Diplomacy); representatives of the GCPP and ACPP; and officials currently
working on or recently working on key geographic desks (Balkans, Indonesia, Uganda). P7. The GCPP SSR Case Study is one of six studies undertaken within the framework of
the evaluation of the Conflict Prevention Pools. In accordance with the Terms of Reference
(ToRs) and the Inception Report, the Evaluation placed maximum emphasis on the macro
level: the policy processes in Whitehall by which decisions on allocations are made and
implemented by the CPPs. Considerable attention has also been placed on the meso
level: the degree to which CPP policies and activities in a given conflict, or given sector of
conflict prevention policy such as SSR, form part of a coherent package of direct
interventions by the international community and local actors to the problems of preventing
large scale deadly conflicts. The micro-level of analysis (review of specific projects) confines
itself largely to the way in which projects impact on the meso and macro levels. The
Evaluation has not analysed systematically whether specific projects funded by the CPPs
have been well managed and whether they have achieved their specific project goals.
Single projects have been analysed to the extent that they reflect on the macro and meso
levels.
P8. The main findings of the evaluation, reflected in this Synthesis Report, are that the
CPPs are doing significant work funding worthwhile activities that make positive
contributions to effective conflict prevention, although it is far too early in the day to assess
impact. The progress achieved through the CPP mechanisms is significant enough to
justify their continuation.
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Transformation of the security sector in Malawi - 1994 to 2014Chirwa, Misheck Colyns 10 October 2016 (has links)
A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management, University of the Witwatersrand, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy March 2015 / The study was carried out to determine the transformation of the security institutions and related management bodies in Malawi from 1994 to 2014 as the country shifted from authoritarian rule to democratic governance. Transformation of the security sector (TSS) is the process by which a country in transitional democracy formulates or re-orients the policies, structures and capacities of security institutions, and private security groups in the security sector. Such tasks in a newly democratic Malawi required new sets of values among political leaders, the legislature, security practitioners as well as the civil society. TSS is sometimes expressed as Security Sector Reform (SSR), Security Sector Governance (SSG) and as well as Security and Justice Sector Reform (SJSR) (African Union 2010). The study employed qualitative method as the mainstay and partly some statistical data interpretation was employed using a Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software for the purpose of data visualisation and to identify information in graphical presentation. Forty participants were involved from security institutions and management bodies (army, police intelligence, prisons services), residing in Lilongwe, the Capital City of Malawi.
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The findings reveal that the security sector and management bodies in Malawi failed to transform/perform sufficiently. The opportunity for reform was significant however it was limited because the transition to democracy stalled due to continued abuse of power by the elected authorities. This may have been a deliberate attempt by those in power in order to maintain a weak security sector and management bodies for own interests. The current structure of the security sector in Malawi may be weak for the following reasons: Lack of expertise by the elected authorities, lack of overall security reviews every year, non-existent of various security policies, lack of modern equipment and technology and last but not least, mean budgetary consideration and very low salaries to the security members. Furthermore, the basic security legislation should be reformed because Malawi inherited a legal structure from the colonial rule that requires modification. The results from this study suggest that the transition process calls for a comprehensive TSS/SSR or SSG of the entire security sector and management bodies. The government should reinforce policy action across security institutions whereby the elected authorities, legislature, security practitioners and civil societies are involved in locally owned TSS. An important fact is positive change in the level of responsiveness by the State to the rights, views and demands of its citizens. / MT2016
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Saving State-Building: EU Contributions to Security Sector Reform in AfghanistanCollins, Andrew Elliott Egerton January 2011 (has links)
State failure represents one of the most pressing concerns for international security in the 21st century, and Afghanistan represents one of the most concerted efforts ever witnessed to address this phenomenon in a lasting and sustainable way. This thesis takes the position that part of the difficulty in finding a remedy for state failure relates to the contradictions and dilemmas inherent within the state-building enterprise itself. The trade-offs required by certain fundamental aspects of state-building must be better understood if they are to be effectively managed, and these trade-offs cannot be understood without critically analysing the basic assumptions of state-building.
To come to grips with these assumptions in concrete terms, this paper examines the European Union’s involvement in Afghanistan as a case study to apply and develop the analytical framework of “dilemma analysis.”
The first major goal of this research will be to outline the tensions within state-building, and to assess their usefulness for explaining some of the difficulties facing state-builders in general terms. The second goal will be to analyse the significance of the specific combination of dilemmas relevant to the case of Afghanistan, in order to show how those dilemmas interact with each other to constrain the EU’s options for effective state-building. The third goal is to identify ways in which the EU and the international community in general can benefit from dilemma analysis when conducting state-building interventions in the future.
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Security Sector Reform in the Southern Caucasus: The Cases of Georgia and AzerbaijanMirzazada, Gunel January 2014 (has links)
Security sector is a complex of different fields, which altogether ensure a particular country's national security, sovereignty and independence. Such security sector fields include military security, energy security, economic security, etc. For countries on the stage of transition, complex changes to their security sectors are required, which can be implemented under the form of full-scale reforms. This problem was faced by post- Soviet states, including Georgia and Azerbaijan, in the early 1990's, after the collapse of the USSR. However, despite the obv ious necessity of reforms, they were blocked in many states due to their authorities' loyalty to Russia, and its impact over the region. Due to those problems, security sector reforms in both Georgia and Azerbaijan were finally implemented only in the earl y 2000's. Georgia was able to reach greater success in its reforms thanks to the full-scale approach covering all fields of national security, with a particular focus on the military sphere. In Azerbaijan, reforms were not so effective due to lack of political will to eradicate corruption, and only superficial, but not deep, changes implemented. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Security Sector Reform in ArmeniaAvakyan, Tatevik January 2014 (has links)
The main aim of this research is to investigate the dynamics of Security Sector Reform in Armenia and identify the greatest obstacles of the reformation process. The topic is of a great importance for the state and the region of South Caucasus in general regarding the process of sustainable peace and development. Furthermore, there is a lack of academic literature on the topic of Security Sector Reform in that particular state, thus, the topic is relatively new. The research is meant to be a qualitative analysis that draws on the various reports of the international organizations and development donors along with the relevant academic literature to provide the theoretical framework of the concept. Apart from that, the empirical part is also based on the interviews with the Armenian experts, which allowed gaining a deeper knowledge of the SSR issues on the ground. The research identifies, that the process of security sector reformation in Armenia has not been a stable and static process, but it has rather had its ups and downs. Namely, the beginning of 1990s is believed to be the most challenging for the state. The ceasefire agreement of 1994 started the process of sustainable development, which was, however, slowed down by the economic crisis in 2008. The "frozen" conflict with the neighboring...
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Security sector reform in post-conflict environments: An analysis of coherence and sequencing in Mozambique. Examining Peacebuilding Challenges of Defence, Police and Justice Reforms in a Neo-Liberal EraAbdulcarimo Lala, Anicia January 2014 (has links)
This thesis deals with the circumstances that lead to a fragmented implementation of post-conflict justice and security reforms and their negative impact on institutional capacity to provide justice and security for citizens. It strenghtens the existing critique of SSR by employing liberal peacebuilding critique to examine the development of the SSR agenda within the security-development nexus mainstream and the difficulties in learning from SSR experience. The main research question concerns the factors affecting the coherence and sequencing of justice and security system reforms, and is addressed through a case study of Mozambique. The analysis identifies power dynamics surrounding formal and informal interactions that impact institutional change, and showcase the vulnerability of justice and security system reforms to co-optation by powerful international and national players. Throughout, patterns of critical juncture and path dependence are identified that have influenced the adaptation of powerful local players to external and domestic pressures which resulted in political and institutional bricolage. The thesis also looks at how the sequencing of Mozambique’s triple transition, in which economic liberalisation prevailed over peacebuilding and
democratisation, shaped the post-civil war direction and pace of the defence, police and justice reforms. The 1992 peace agreement and the public sector reform programme are investigated with regards to the failure of driving substantive SSR and of imparting it coherence and sequencing in the short, medium and longer term. Finally, lessons are proposed for future reform in Mozambique, and recommendations are drawn for improving the design of strategy and implementation of SSR in general. / Portuguese Foundation of Science and Technology
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Security Sector Change in Georgia, 1985 - 2008 Local Dynamics, Politics of Reform and ParamilitariesKoyama, Shukuko January 2018 (has links)
The literature on security sector actors in transitional societies emerging from war
and/or authoritarianism has evolved by critiquing local perspectives recently.
While the existing literature has extensively analysed transitional societies in
Africa, Middle East and Eastern Europe, the thesis adds a new geographical
perspective by providing a case study of security sector change processes in the
Republic of Georgia, 1985 - 2008. More specifically, the thesis examines the local
processes and drivers of security sector change in Georgia, and their interrelationships
with donor supported programmes including SSR. The thesis
employs a political economy analysis to examine indigenous security sector
actors and their characteristics. Based on the approach, the thesis particularly
examines processes of change and reform of policing institutions. The
paramilitary is identified and examined as a key focus for analysis.
The research shows that political dynamics among a few political elites
determined the course of security sector change in Georgia. Despite ample
external assistance, domestic political dynamics remained the main driving factor
in the SSR agenda-setting process. In the politically-driven security sector
change efforts, the restoration and maintenance of regime security remained a
priority under both the Shevardnadze and Saakashvili regimes. Overall, the
security sector actors played significant role in the political developments.
Consequently, the process of changing these actors was a largely domestically
driven political process. The role of paramilitaries in relation to regime security
and the security sector change agenda-setting process in Georgia requires the
security sector research to treat paramilitary as a distinguished unit for
consideration. / Akino Yutaka Eurasia Fund and the United Nations University Akino Memorial Research Fellowship.
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Security sector reform in post-conflict environments : an analysis of coherence and sequencing in Mozambique : examining peacebuilding challenges of defence, police and justice reforms in a neo-liberal eraAbdulcarimo Lala, Anicia January 2014 (has links)
This thesis deals with the circumstances that lead to a fragmented implementation of post-conflict justice and security reforms and their negative impact on institutional capacity to provide justice and security for citizens. It strenghtens the existing critique of SSR by employing liberal peacebuilding critique to examine the development of the SSR agenda within the security-development nexus mainstream and the difficulties in learning from SSR experience. The main research question concerns the factors affecting the coherence and sequencing of justice and security system reforms, and is addressed through a case study of Mozambique. The analysis identifies power dynamics surrounding formal and informal interactions that impact institutional change, and showcase the vulnerability of justice and security system reforms to co-optation by powerful international and national players. Throughout, patterns of critical juncture and path dependence are identified that have influenced the adaptation of powerful local players to external and domestic pressures which resulted in political and institutional bricolage. The thesis also looks at how the sequencing of Mozambique’s triple transition, in which economic liberalisation prevailed over peacebuilding and democratisation, shaped the post-civil war direction and pace of the defence, police and justice reforms. The 1992 peace agreement and the public sector reform programme are investigated with regards to the failure of driving substantive SSR and of imparting it coherence and sequencing in the short, medium and longer term. Finally, lessons are proposed for future reform in Mozambique, and recommendations are drawn for improving the design of strategy and implementation of SSR in general.
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