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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Seguridad humana

Fernández Pereira, Juan Pablo 10 November 2005 (has links)
El objeto de esta tesis es la descripción y el análisis del concepto de seguridad humana. Esta expresión fue utilizada en el informe de 1994 realizado por el Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo(PNUD). Hoy esta noción es empleada por numerosos centros académicos y científicos, por muchas organizaciones internacionales no gubernamentales, por las instituciones del sistema de la Organización de Naciones Unidas, así como por un buen grupo de gobiernos y por la sociedad civil.Se investigan en este trabajo las condiciones y los elementos de un concepto humanocéntrico de la seguridad que se refiere en su sentido más básico a la vida y salud de las personas.Se describen en la misma, las características inherentes a esta nueva dimensión de la seguridad: -La seguridad humana es una preocupación universal. -Los componentes de la seguridad humana son interdependientes.-La seguridad humana tiene un carácter multidimensional. -La prevención es más útil que la intervención posterior para velar por la seguridad humana.Se analizan las siete dimensiones que lo constituyen: Seguridad económica; Seguridad alimentaria; Seguridad en la salud; Seguridad ambiental; Seguridad personal; Seguridad de la comunidad; Seguridad política. Se sostendrá que, a diferencia de los enfoques tradicionales estatocéntricos relacionados con la seguridad, esta investigación explora la idea de que las nuevas amenazas a la seguridad humana son una obstáculo para que las personas puedan poner en funcionamiento sus principales capacidades humanas. El contenido de esta tesis está organizado en torno a cinco capítulos: 1)Seguridad humana: marco conceptual; 2)Cambios en el entorno: interdependencia y vulnerabilidad mutua; 3) Herramientas para la evaluación de la seguridad humana: derechos humanos y enfoque de las capacidades; 4)Seguridad comunitaria y seguridad humana; 5) La seguridad humana y la responsabilidad social de la empresa.Aunque se trata de un concepto amplio y aún en construcción, hay algunos elementos comunes que comparten todas las definiciones que se han analizado. -El cambio en el énfasis, de la seguridad del Estado a la seguridad de las personas. Esta es considerada una de las primeras y principales contribuciones. Desde siglos, la seguridad ha sido definida como la seguridad nacional o como la seguridad del Estado. La seguridad humana ha iniciado el debate sobre las relaciones de la seguridad con las necesidades y los derechos humanos y sobre los nuevos riesgos y peligros producidos por el desarrollo del capitalismo en esta última fase de globalización. -La seguridad humana pone de relieve la interdependencia de la gente en el mundo de hoy demostrando que los problemas no tienen pasaporte, ni se paran en las fronteras nacionales. -Las tareas del Estado, principal responsable de la seguridad, deben ser completadas con iniciativas y acciones de los actores no estatales. La sociedad civil tiene un papel activo en la promoción de la seguridad humana. En muchos casos, estas organizaciones, se han convertido en las principales defensoras efectivas de la misma.Se ha tratado, en suma, de fijar el estado de la ciencia en este campo, desde una metodología interdisciplinar, como paso necesario y previo para continuar las investigaciones futuras en este ámbito.La realidad contemporánea exige la utilización de recursos teóricos y metodológicos, que se orienten hacia una revisión y redefinición de las fronteras entre las disciplinas. Esta tarea conlleva la búsqueda de síntesis y combinaciones alternativas, que permitan, desde una orientación interdisciplinaria, la generación de nuevos conceptos e instrumentos de análisis. Por ello, las ciencias sociales deben sobrepasar las fronteras y promesas del realismo positivista y sustituirlas por un ejercicio crítico que desvele las formas discursivas y las estrategias de poder que vertebran los discursos de las distintas teorías. / This thesis describes and analyzes the concept of human security, an expression used in the 1994 United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). Today this idea is used by a number of research and academic centers, by international nongovernmental agencies, by institutional systems of the UN organizations, by many governments and society at large. In this work the conditions and elements of a human-centered concept of security are considered which describe, in very basic terms, people's life and health.Furthermore the inherent characteristics of the new dimension of security is also set out in the following terms:Human security is a universal concern.The components of human security are interdependent.Human security is, by its very nature, multidimensional.Prevention is more useful than subsequent intervention in efforts to ensure human security.The seven dimensions which constitute human security are economic, nutritional, health, personal, community and political. Contrary to an accepted state-centered security focus, this work explores the idea that new threats to human security present an obstacle hindering people from realizing their capacities. The content of this thesis is organized into five chapters: 1) Human security: conceptual framework; 2) changes in its surrounding: interdependence and mutual vulnerability; 3) Tools for assessing human security: human rights and capacities focus; 4) Community and human security; 5) Human security and social responsible in business. Although the concept is wide-ranging and still being developed, there are common elements that share all the definitions under analysis. Changes in emphasis, from State security to personal security. This is considered one of the first and central contributions.- For centuries, security has been defined as national security or State security. Human security has touched off the debate over the relationship between security of needs and human rights and concerning new risks and dangers brought on by the recent development of capitalist globalization. - Human security highlights the interdependence of the people of the world, showing that our problems do not have passports, nor do they stop at national borders.-State security roles, the main agents in this process, must be complemented by initiatives and actions outside the State sector. Civil society has an active role to play in promoting human security. Often, these organizations have become its main defenders.This thesis has, in effect, set out the state of the question in this field, using a multidisciplinary methodology as required and with a view to future research work in this field.Contemporary society demands the use of technical and methodological resources aimed at reviewing and defining the frontiers that separate different disciplines. In this respect there has been an effort here to synthesize and combine alternative tendencies, generate new concepts and instruments of analysis. Thus the social sciences should overcome barriers and promises of positivist realism and substitute them with a critical exercise that reveals discursive forms and power strategies that underpin the discourse of different theories.
2

Propuesta para una respuesta colectiva ante graves crisis humanitarias

Revilla Montoya, Pablo César 10 April 2018 (has links)
Como consecuencia del Fin de la Guerra Fría, surgieron ciertos conflictos armados que derivaron en graves crisis humanitarias, en tal sentido impulsamos la propuesta de creación de un tratado universal sobre intervención humanitaria legítima, basado en la seguridad humana y la Doctrina de la Responsabilidad de Proteger. Este nuevo acuerdo mundial tendría que modificar la Carta de las Naciones Unidas y ser aceptado por las Cinco Potencias con derecho aveto en el Consejo de Seguridad.
3

The multiple faces of insecurity : An analysis of security from the Chocoano women's perspective

Svensson, Åsa January 2009 (has links)
<p>This thesis explores the complexity of the concept “security” in theory and practice. The traditional security concept is replaced by a human-centred security approach in order to analyse women's security,. The stories of Afro-Colombian and indigenous women from the poor and war-torn region Chocó in Colombia demonstrate that the insecurity of the <em>Chocoano </em>women is not only created by the armed conflict in Colombia, but that insecurity fundamentally has its roots in societal structures and systems as well. This thesis argues that the category “woman” is insufficient and that an intersectional approach is the only way to fully understand the Chocoano women’s security and insecurity. In the case of Chocó, the population's ways of relating to the ancestral territories is one example of how ethnicity and culture play a mayor role for their security. The concept <em>human security </em>will be embraced for its recognition of the intimate relation between human rights, development and individual security. Galtung's theory on violence will also be used in order to complete the picture of how the direct and indirect violence that Chocoano women suffer from is reinforced by unequal power relations.</p><p> </p><p>Furthermore, women’s possibilities to act for security, mainly through nongovernmental organizations and the Church, are investigated. The peripheral positions of the Chocoano women in Colombia as well as within their own cultures are found to be barriers to women’s effective participation in security policy. It is also concluded that the relation between security and activism for human rights is rather complex and contradictory in Chocó. Finally, it is argued that there exist several parallel and competing discourses of security. The predominant discourse of security in Colombia ignores many of the dangers that women in Chocó are exposed to. The concept of security must be seriously challenged both in theory and in practice if women’s security is to be guaranteed in Colombia.</p><p> </p>
4

La inseguridad ciudadana y el enfoque de seguridad humana, El Agustino 2012 - 2017

Perea Gilvonio, Jorge Abel January 2019 (has links)
Resalta los altos niveles de delincuencia e inseguridad ciudadana en el distrito de El Agustino. También señala los serios déficits en los demás aspectos (ambiente, lazos comunitarios, salud, participación política y economía). La confluencia de los diversos déficits en la vida y desarrollo de las personas realimentan y refuerzan situaciones anómicas propias de la inseguridad ciudadana. El enfoque de la seguridad humana permite un análisis estructural de la problemática de inseguridad. No se circunscribe al ámbito policial o de represión para abordar la problemática de la criminalidad y sus diversas expresiones (robos, hurtos, homicidios, etc.). Parte de la premisa de que son las limitaciones en el acceso de empleo, educación, salud, participación política, entre otros, los factores que inciden en la presencia o incremento de la problemática de la criminalidad y aquello dentro de determinados contextos particulares. / Tesis
5

The multiple faces of insecurity : An analysis of security from the Chocoano women's perspective

Svensson, Åsa January 2009 (has links)
This thesis explores the complexity of the concept “security” in theory and practice. The traditional security concept is replaced by a human-centred security approach in order to analyse women's security,. The stories of Afro-Colombian and indigenous women from the poor and war-torn region Chocó in Colombia demonstrate that the insecurity of the Chocoano women is not only created by the armed conflict in Colombia, but that insecurity fundamentally has its roots in societal structures and systems as well. This thesis argues that the category “woman” is insufficient and that an intersectional approach is the only way to fully understand the Chocoano women’s security and insecurity. In the case of Chocó, the population's ways of relating to the ancestral territories is one example of how ethnicity and culture play a mayor role for their security. The concept human security will be embraced for its recognition of the intimate relation between human rights, development and individual security. Galtung's theory on violence will also be used in order to complete the picture of how the direct and indirect violence that Chocoano women suffer from is reinforced by unequal power relations.   Furthermore, women’s possibilities to act for security, mainly through nongovernmental organizations and the Church, are investigated. The peripheral positions of the Chocoano women in Colombia as well as within their own cultures are found to be barriers to women’s effective participation in security policy. It is also concluded that the relation between security and activism for human rights is rather complex and contradictory in Chocó. Finally, it is argued that there exist several parallel and competing discourses of security. The predominant discourse of security in Colombia ignores many of the dangers that women in Chocó are exposed to. The concept of security must be seriously challenged both in theory and in practice if women’s security is to be guaranteed in Colombia.

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