The central and eastern United States is subject to seismic hazards from both natural and induced earthquakes, as evidenced by the 1811-1812 New Madrid earthquake sequence, consisting of at least three magnitude 7 and greater earthquakes, and by four magnitude 5 and greater induced earthquakes in Oklahoma since 2011. To mitigate seismic hazards, both earthquake sources and their effects need to be characterized. Ground motion site response can cause additional damage to susceptible infrastructure and buildings. Recent studies indicate that Vs30, one of the primary site-response predictors used in current engineering practice, is not reliable. To investigate site response in the New Madrid Seismic Zone, ratios of surface-to-bedrock amplitude spectra, TFT, from S-wave recordings at the two deep vertical seismic arrays in the sediment-filled upper Mississippi Embayment (i.e., VSAP and CUSSO) were calculated. The mean TFT curves were compared with theoretical transfer functions; the results were comparable, indicating that TFT estimates of the empirical, linear SH-wave site responses at these sites. The suitability of surface S-wave horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratios, H/V, for estimating the empirical site transfer function was also evaluated. The results indicate that mean S-wave H/V curves are similar to TFT at low frequencies (less than the fifth natural frequencies) at both CUSSO and VSAP. SH-wave fundamental frequency, f0, and fundamental-mode amplification, A0, were evaluated as alternatives to the Vs30 proxy to estimate primary linear site-response characteristics at VSAP, CUSSO, and nine other seismic stations in the CEUS. In addition, calculated f0 and A0 were compared with the first peaks of S-wave H/V spectral ratios. The f0 and A0 were found to approximate the 1-D linear, viscoelastic, fundamental-mode responses at most stations. Also, S-wave H/V from weak-motion earthquakes can be used to measure f0. However, S-wave H/V does not reliably estimate A0 in the project area. S-wave H/V observations reveal site response within the frequency band of engineering interest from deeper, unmodeled geological structures. Because damaging or felt earthquakes induced by hydraulic fracturing and wastewater disposal have occurred in the CEUS, characterizing background seismicity prior to new large-scale subsurface fluid injection is important to identify cases of and the potential for induced seismicity. The Rogersville Shale in the Rome Trough of eastern Kentucky is being tested for unconventional oil and gas potential; production of this shale requires hydraulic fracturing, which has been linked to induced seismicity elsewhere in the CEUS. To characterize natural seismicity and to monitor induced seismicity during testing, a temporary seismic network was deployed in the Rome Trough near the locations of new, Rogersville Shale oil and gas test wells. Using the real-time recordings of this network and those of other regional seismic stations, three years of local seismicity were cataloged. Only three earthquakes occurred in the Rome Trough of eastern Kentucky, none of which was associated with the deep Rogersville Shale test wells that were stimulated during the time the network was in operation.

The main goal of this thesis is to analyze the statistical properties of seismic catalogues of natural and induced seismicity, identify similarities and differences. We compare statistical temporal and magnitude information contained in different types of earthquake catalogues. Six seismostatistical criteria used for identification of natural swarms and mainshock- aftershock earthquake sequences are applied to 10 different catalogues of natural and induced seismicity. We did not find a method to reliably distinguish between natural and induced seismicity based only on temporal and magnitude information contained in catalogues. We show that induced seismicity catalogues are similar to natural earthquake swarms. We report how the set of 6 criteria presented here can be used for distinguishing between mainshock-aftershock sequences and swarm seismicity. We also show that none of the tested criteria can be used independently for distinguishing between different types of seismicity.

The phenomenon of induced seismicity is caused by anthropogenic activity such as: underground and opencast mining, extraction of conventional and unconventional hydrocarbons, construction of water reservoirs and production of geothermal energy. In recent years, interest in induced seismicity increased due to the fact that it causes increasingly stronger earthquakes, even above 4 on the Richter scale. Thus, it poses a threat to people, technical and urban infrastructure. This study analyzed the seismic event of M = 4.6, which occurred on the 15 September 2018 in the Rudna copper mine area in SW Poland. For this purpose, Sentinel 1 satellite data and DInSAR processing method were used to determine the ground movement values in the satellite line of sight. Based on the results for four image pairs, the area disturbed by the seismic event was determined. The maximum values of subsidence ranged from -65 mm to -75 mm depending on the analysed dataset and the area of deformation was determined at approx. 4 km sq. The results indicate the usefulness of the adopted method to determine ground deformation caused by induced seismicity in an underground mining area.

This Ph.D. dissertation focuses on a comprehensive study of seismic waveform similarity aiming at two themes: (1) reliable identification of repeating earthquakes (repeaters) and (2) investigation of the detailed source process of induced seismicity through the three-dimensional spatiotemporal evolution of mainly neighbouring earthquakes. Theme 1: Reliable identification of repeaters. Repeaters, occurring repeatedly on the same fault patch with nearly identical waveforms, are usually identified with the match-filtering (MF) method which essentially measures the degree of waveform similarity between an earthquake pair through the corresponding cross-correlation coefficient (CC). However, the performance of the MF method can be severely affected by the length of the cross‐correlation window, the frequency band of the applied digital filter, and the presence of a large‐amplitude wave train. To optimize the performance of MF, I first examine the effects of different operational parameters and determine generic rules for selecting the window length and the optimal frequency passband. To minimize the impact of a large‐amplitude wave train, I then develop a new method, named the match-filtering with multisegment cross-correlation (MFMC) method. By equally incorporating the contributions from various segments of the waveforms, the new method is much more effective in capturing the minor waveform discrepancy between an event pair due to location difference and hence is more reliable in detecting potential repeaters and discriminating non-repeaters with large inter-event separation. With both synthetic and borehole array waveform data, I further reveal that waveform similarity is controlled by not only the inter-event separation but also many other factors, including station azimuth, epicentral distance, velocity structure, etc. Therefore, in contrast to the traditional view, the results indicate that waveform similarity alone is insufficient to unambiguously identify true repeaters. For reliable repeater identification, we should rely on a physics-based approach considering both the overlapped source area and magnitude difference. Specifically, I define an event pair to be true repeaters if their inter-event separation is smaller than the rupture radius of the larger event and their magnitude difference is no more than 1. For the precise estimation of inter-event distance in cases of limited data, I develop the differential traveltime double-difference (DTDD) method which relies on the relative S-P differential traveltime. The findings of this study imply that previously identified repeaters and their interpretations/hypotheses potentially can be biased and hence may need a systematic reexamination. Theme 2: Investigation of the detailed source process of induced seismicity. Earthquakes induced by hydraulic fracturing (HF), especially those with large magnitudes, are often observed to have occurred near/after well completion. The delayed triggering of induced seismicity with respect to injection commencement poses serious challenges for risk mitigation and hazard assessment. By performing waveform cross-correlation and hierarchical clustering analysis, I reveal a high-resolution three-dimensional source migration process with mainshock delayed triggering that is probably controlled by local hydrogeological conditions. The results suggest that poroelastic effects might contribute to induced seismicity but are likely insufficient to activate a non-critically stressed fault of sufficient size. My analysis shows that the rapid pore-pressure build-up from HF can be very localized and capable of producing large, felt earthquakes on non-critically stressed fault segments. I further infer that the number of critically stressed, large intraplate faults should be very limited, and that reactivation of such faults may require sufficient pore-pressure accumulation. The findings of this study may also explain why so few fluid injections are seismogenic. / Graduate

Dans le cadre d’un programme de recherche mené par le GISOS (Groupement d’Intérêt Scientifique de Recherche sur l’Impact et la Sécurité des Ouvrages Souterrains), le site pilote de Cerville-Buissoncourt (Lorraine, France) a fait l’objet d’une importante instrumentation géophysique et géotechnique pour assurer la surveillance d’une cavité saline à 200 m de profondeur, depuis son état stationnaire jusqu’à l’effondrement des terrains du recouvrement. Les objectifs principaux de cette thèse consistaient à : 1) valider la technique de surveillance basée sur l’écoute microsismique dans un contexte salin, et 2) modéliser numériquement le comportement mécanique complexe du recouvrement, particulièrement l’initiation des microfissures et leur propagation. L’analyse de la sismicité induite enregistrée a permis de caractériser l’état initial de la cavité en terme d’activité microsismique. Deux types d’événements ont été identifiés : les événements isolés correspondant aux ruptures localisées, et les événements en rafale, d’une dizaine de secondes de durée. D’après les résultats de localisation d’hypocentres, la totalité de la sismicité enregistrée est générée au niveau de la cavité dans le gisement de sel, ou bien dans les faciès marneux qui composent le toit immédiat de la cavité actuelle. Les déclenchements en rafale seraient liés à des phénomènes de délitement puis de décrochement de blocs de marne, suivis des chutes de blocs dans la cavité remplie de saumure. Le travail de modélisation numérique a été focalisé sur la possibilité de rendre compte de l’endommagement dans les couches fragiles du recouvrement. Nous avons mis en oeuvre un modèle géomécanique hybride à l’échelle du site pilote qui intègre les différentes formations géologiques présentes dans le recouvrement, ainsi que l’initiation, la propagation et la coalescence des microfissures dans le banc raide, à l’aide des logiciels FLAC et PFC2D. La calibration du modèle discret PFC2D pour reproduire le comportement en traction du banc raide a été vérifiée numériquement à l’échelle du site pilote. Cette vérification a été basée sur la comparaison, en termes de la réponse élastique et d’apparition des ruptures dans le banc raide, entre l’approche hybride FLACPFC 2D et la modélisation purement continue avec FLAC. Le modèle hybride ainsi défini pourra être utilisé dans le cadre d’une retro-analyse une fois que les mesures in-situ, notamment les enregistrements microsismiques et les données de déformation, seront disponibles à Cerville-Buissoncourt / Within the framework of a research program carried out by the GISOS (Scientific Grouping of Research Interest on the Impact and Safety of Underground Works), the pilot site of Cerville-Buissoncourt (Lorraine, France) was the subject of a large geophysical and geotechnical instrumentation to ensure the monitoring of a salt cavity at 200 m depth, from its stationary state to the final overburden collapse. The main objectives of this work consisted on : 1) the validation of the microseismic monitoring technique in a salt mine environment, and 2) the numerical modelling of the mechanical behavior of the overburden, particularly the initiation and the propagation of microcracks. The analysis of the recorded induced seismicity allowed to characterize the initial state of the cavity in terms of microseismic activity. Two types of events were identified : isolated events corresponding to localized ruptures, and swarms of events, of tens of seconds of duration. According to hypocenter location results, the totality of the recorded seismicity is generated either in the cavity surroundings within the salt layer, or in the marly facies of the current cavity roof. Swarms would be related to delamination of clayley marls in the immediate roof, followed by rock debris falling in the brine filled cavity. The numerical modelling was focused on the possibility of accounting for the damage in the fragile layers of the overburden. We implemented a hybrid geomechanical model of the pilot site which integrates the various geological formations present in the overburden, as well as the initiation, the propagation and the coalescence of microcracks in the stiff layer, using FLAC and PFC2D softwares. The calibration of the discrete PFC2D model to reproduce the tensile behaviour of the stiff layer was numerically checked on the site scale. The validation was based on the comparison, in terms of the elastic response and the damage onset in the stiff layer, between the hybrid approach FLAC-PFC2D and the purely continuous modelling using FLAC. The hybrid model thus defined would be used for back-analysis studies once in-situ measurements, in particular microseismic recordings and deformation data, will be available at Cerville-Buissoncourt

Ce projet de recherche vise à accroître les connaissances sur les mécanismes contrôlant la déformation des glissements de terrain argileux grâce à la combinaison de la surveillance sismique passive et de la surveillance géodésique. Des études récentes ont démontré que la surveillance sismique peut fournir des informations intéressantes sur la mécanique des glissements de terrain et, dans certains cas, fournir des précurseurs utiles pour la prévision des défaillances. L’installation récente de sismomètres sur les glissements de terrain a révélé une variété de signaux sismiques de magnitude (ML $<$ 1) soupçonnée d'être générée par la déformation de la pente (chute, basculement, glissement, écoulement). Cette sismicité endogène doit être catégorisée. Une classification standard des sources sismiques endogènes est ainsi proposée ; l'objectif de cette norme est de pouvoir comparer l'activité sismique de plusieurs glissements de terrain et d'identifier les mécanismes générant ces signaux sismiques ainsi que leur corrélation avec les forçages externes. Plusieurs propriétés de signal (durée, contenu spectral et forme de spectrogramme) sont prises en compte pour décrire les différentes classes de signaux et permettre une comparaison générique. Les observations montrent que des signaux similaires enregistrés sur différents sites présentent les mêmes propriétés et les sources sismiques possibles sont discutées compte tenu du type de déformation observé sur les pentes étudiées. [...] / This research project aims at increasing knowledge on the mechanisms controlling the deformation of clayey landslides through the combination of passive seismic and geodetic monitoring. Recent studies have demonstrated that seismic monitoring is able to give interesting information on landslide mechanics and in some case to provide precursory patterns useful for failure forecasting. The recent installation of seismometers on landslides revealed a variety of seismic signals of law magnitude (ML $<$ 1) suspected to be generated by slope deformation (falling, toppling, sliding, flowing), weathering of the slope material or fluid circulation. This endogenous seismicity needs to be categorized. We thus proposed a standard classification of the endogenous seismic sources; the objective of this standard is to be able to compare the seismic activity of several landslides and identify the mechanisms generating these seismic signals as well as their correlation with external forcing. Several signal properties (i.e. duration, spectral content and spectrogram shape) are taken into account to describe the different class of signals and allow generic comparison. We observe that similar signals recorded at different sites present the same properties and discussed the possible seismic sources considering the type of deformation observed on the studied slopes. [...]

De par leurs magnitudes élevées et leur potentiel tsunamigénique, les séismes qui se produisent en contexte de subduction présentent un risque majeur pour les villes côtières souvent densément peuplées. La compréhension de la géométrie et du fonctionnement des zones de failles associées à ces ruptures sismiques a donc fait l'objet de nombreuses recherches sismologiques et géologiques.L’objectif de cette thèse est centré sur la caractérisation des zones de failles paléo-sismiques traversant des formations ophiolitiques subductées puis exhumées en surface des continent et sur leur comparaison avec les zones sismogéniques actuelles. Elle s’appuie sur une approche multi-échelle faisant intervenir les outils de la géologie structurale, de la pétrographie microstructurale, de la minéralogie, de la géochimie ainsi que les données de la géophysique. Le cas de la Corse alpine, de par la présence de nombreuses pseudotachylytes (étant considérées comme des fossiles de séismes) mafiques et ultramafiques constitue un cas d’étude idéal.La rupture sismique dans la nappe du Cima di Gratera est matérialisée par des réseaux de pseudotachylytes parallèles ou à fort pendages situées de part et d’autre de la discontinuité tectonique séparant les unités ultramafiques et mafiques formant la nappe. Le système de faille est caractérisé par une cinématique vers l’ouest associée à la subduction de la plaque océanique liguro-piémontaise sous la plaque adriatique. Les analyses minéralogiques des microlites présentes dans les pseudotachylytes mafiques indiquent une formation des veines en contexte de pression et température du facies eclogite, correspondant à une profondeur comprise entre 60 et 70 km, soit le début de la zone de sismicité dite de profondeur intermédiaire. La géométrie du système de faille a également pu être comparée à des géométries observées via la géophysique au large du nord-est Japon et à des profondeurs similaires.A également été mis en lumière l’impact de la serpentinisation sur le caractère sismique / asismique des discontinuités tectoniques faisant intervenir des formations mafiques et ultramafiques. En effet, la fusion frictionnelle issue des ruptures sismiques et responsable de la formation des veines de pseudotachylytes n’a été observée que dans le cas où était mis en contact la péridotite fraiche ou faiblement serpentinisée et le métagabbro. Les contacts impliquant la serpentinite et le métagabbro n’en présentent jamais et peuvent donc être considérés comme asismiques. Au regard de l’épaisseur des réseaux de pseudotachylytes dans les masses de péridotite et de leur absence dans les serpentinites, les masses de péridotites peuvent donc être assimilées à des aspérités au sein même de la plaque plongeante. / By their high magnitude and their ability to generate tsunami, subduction earthquakes present a major risk for the high population density coastal cities. The understanding of the geometry and the functioning of these seismogenic fault zones was the subject of numerous seismogenic and geologic studies.The objective of this thesis is focus on the characterization of paleo-seismic fault zones cross-cutting subducted ophiolitic formation and exhumed on the continent surface, and their comparison with current seismogenic zones. This study is based on a multi-scale approach and involves structural geology, microstructural petrography, mineralogy, geochemistry and geophysics tools. The Alpine Corsica, by the presence of numerous mafic and ultramafic pseudotachylytes (considered as fossils of past earthquakes) can be considered as an ideal study case.The seismic rupture in the Cima di Gratera Nappe is materialized by pseudotachylyte networks parallel or with a steep dipping to the fault separating the mafic and ultramafic units. The fault system is characterized by a top-to-the-west kinematic associated to the Piemonte-Liguria oceanic plate subduction under the Adriatic plate. The mineralogical analyses of the mafic pseudotachylyte microlites indicate a formation under a pressure and temperature conditions of the eclogite metamorphic facies. These conditions are consistent with a depth between 60 and 70 km which correspond to the upper part of the intermediate-depth seismicity zone. The geometry of the fault system was also compared to some geometry observed by the geophysics in the NE Japan subduction zone and at similar depth.It was also highlighted the role of the serpentinization on the seismic / aseismic character of the fault involving the mafic and ultramafic formations. Indeed, frictional melting resulting from the seismic rupture responsible to the pseudotachylyte veins formation was only observed in the case where the fresh peridotite or weakly serpentinized peridotite is in contact with the metagabbro. By opposition, the deformed zones involving the serpentinite and the metagabbro never show any pseudotachylyte and can be considered as aseismic. Considering the thickness and the polyphaser character of the pseudotachylyte networks and their absence in the serpentinite, the peridotite masses can be considered as asperities within the plate itself.

Le développement et l'exploitation de réservoirs géothermiques profonds s'accompagnent généralement d'une sismicité induite - un effet secondaire indésirable. Cette recherche est axées sur l'utilisation de simulations numériques pour étudier la propagation des fractures hydrauliques et la réactivation de failles préexistantes lors de la stimulation hydraulique des réservoirs afin de mieux comprendre le comportement du réservoir fracturé et de réduire le risque potentiel de sismicité induite.La sismicité induite est d'abord étudiée du point de vue de l'utilisation de la loi de conservation de l'énergie afin d'expliquer le mécanisme de génération d'ondes élastiques à partir d'une rupture de roche. Ensuite, une approche approximative est proposée pour calculer les accélérations de pointe (PGA) induites par le glissement de faille. Les PGA calculés à la surface du sol servent à évaluer la perception humaine des ondes sismiques et le potentiel de dégradation des structures. / The development and the exploitation of deep geothermal reservoirs are usually accompanied with induced seismicity - an unwanted side effect. This research is focused on using numerical simulations to investigate the propagation of hydraulic fractures and the reactivation of pre-existing faults during the hydraulic stimulation of the reservoirs in an effort to better understand the fractured reservoir behavior and to reduce the potential risk of induced seismicity.The induced seismicity is studied first from the standpoint of using the law of energy conservation in order to explain the mechanism of generating elastic waves from rock failure. Then an approximate approach is proposed to calculate the peak ground accelerations (PGAs) that are induced by the fault slip. The computed PGAs on ground surface are used to assess the human perception of the seismic waves and the damage potential to structures.

Die stärksten Erdbeben treten an Subduktionszonen auf, so z.B. das stärkste instrumentell jemals gemessene Erdbeben vom 22. Mai 1960 mit einer Magnitude von 9,5 Mw in Süd Chile. In dieser Arbeit werden lokal gewonnene seismologische Daten aus dem zentralen Bereich des 1960er-Bebens vorgestellt. Das seismologische Netzwerk umfasste den chilenischen Forearc zwischen Tiefseegraben und den vulkanischen Bogen zwischen 41,5°-43,5°S und überdeckte sowohl die Insel Chiloé als auch die Nord-Süd-streichende Liquiñe-Ofqui Störungszone (LOFZ). Zwischen November 2004 und Oktober 2005 konnten 364 lokale Ereignisse registriert werden. Die gewonnen Aufzeichnungen erlauben Aussagen sowohl über das aktuelle Spannungsfeld im Forearc als auch über das lokale Geschwindigkeitsmodell und die Geometrie der subduzierten Benioff-Zone. Mit einer Auswahl von P- und S-Laufzeiten von gut lokalisierbaren Erdbeben wurden ein Minimum 1-D Geschwindigkeitsmodell, Stationsresiduen und die Hypozentralparameter invertiert. Dieses Geschwindigkeitsmodell diente als Startmodell für die 2-D Tomographie. Das 2-D vp-Modell zeigt eine Zone erhöhter Geschwindigkeiten unterhalb des Längstals und des östlichen Bereiches der Insel Chiloé, die als Mantelaufwölbung interpretiert werden kann. Die Benioff-Zone wird als eine mit ca. 30° ostwärts einfallende Struktur abgebildet. Die seismische Hauptaktivität findet parallel zur Küste der Insel Chiloé in Tiefen zwischen 12 und 30 km statt; es handelt sich um Beben, die wahrscheinlich auf der Plattengrenzfläche stattfinden. In Tiefen über 70 km lässt die Seismizität bereits stark nach, die tiefsten Beben wurden in 120 km Tiefe registriert. Die Abwesenheit tieferer Seismizität wird auf das junge Alter (und eine damit verbundene hohe Temperatur) der ozeanischen Platte zurückgeführt. Neben der Seismizität in der Benioff-Zone treten flache, krustale Beben in verschiedenen Häufungen entlang des magmatischen Bogens auf. Diese Bereiche erhöhter Seismizität sind räumlich mit der LOFZ und den Vulkanen Chaitén, Michinmahuida und Corcovado verknüpft. Beben bis zu einer Magnitude von 3,8 Mw zeigen die gegenwärtige Aktivität der LOFZ. Herdflächen entlang der LOFZ wurden aus Momententensor-Inversion anhand von Amplitudenspektren von Raumwellen gewonnen. Ergebnisse einer Spannungsfeldinversion zeigen ein Blattverschiebungsregime für den magmatischen Bogen und ein Überschiebungsregime für Beben in der Benioff-Zone auf. Die hier gemachten seismologischen Beobachtungen, zusammen mit teleseismischen Erdbeben und geologischen Befunden, unterstützen die Modellvorstellung eines sich nordwärts bewegenden kontinentalen Forearc-Blocks für Süd Chile. / While the northern and central part of the South American subduction zone has been intensively studied, the southern part has attracted less attention, which may be due to its difficult accessibility and lower seismic activity. However, the southern part exhibits strong seismic and tsunamogenic potential with the prominent example of the Mw=9.5 May 22, 1960 Valdivia earthquake. In this study data from an amphibious seismic array (Project TIPTEQ) is presented. The network reached from the trench to the active magmatic arc incorporating the Island of Chiloé and the north-south trending Liquiñe-Ofqui fault zone (LOFZ). 364 local events were observed in an 11-month period from November 2004 until October 2005. The observed seismicity allows to constrain for the first time the current state of stress of the subducting plate and magmatic arc, as well as the local seismic velocity structure. The downgoing Benioff zone is readily identifiable as an eastward dipping plane with an inclination of ~30°. Main seismic activity occurred predominantly in a belt parallel to the coast of Chiloé Island in a depth range of 12-30 km, which is presumably related to the plate interface. The down-dip termination of abundant intermediate depth seismicity at approximately 70 km depth seems to be related to the young age (and high temperature) of the oceanic plate. A high-quality subset of events was inverted for a 2-D velocity model. The vp model resolves the sedimentary basins and the downgoing slab. Increased velocities below the longitudinal valley and the eastern part of Chiloé Island suggest the existence of a mantle bulge. Apart from the events in the Benioff Zone, shallow crustal events were observed mainly in different clusters along the magmatic arc. These crustal clusters of seismicity are related to the LOFZ, as well as to the volcanoes Chaitén, Michinmahuida and Corcovado. Seismic activity up to a magnitude of 3.8 Mw reveals the recent activity of the fault zone. Focal mechanisms for the events along the LOFZ were calculated using a moment tensor inversion of amplitude spectra for body waves which mostly yield strike-slip mechanisms indicating a SW-NE striking of sigma_1 for the LOFZ. Focal mechanism stress inversion indicates a strike-slip regime along the arc and a thrust regime in the Benioff zone. The observed deformation - which is also revealed by teleseismic observations - suggests a confirmation for the proposed northward movement of a forearc sliver acting as a detached continental micro-plate.

This study aims the real-time monitoring of gases (CO2, N2, O2, H2, H2S, CH4, He, Ar) discharging from natural pools in the Tekke Hamam geothermal field (Denizli) in addition to the geochemical characterization of the field along with the Kizildere geothermal field, both located at the eastern segment of the B&uuml / y&uuml / k Menderes Graben. The continuous gas monitoring experiment (November 2007-October 2008) conducted in the Tekke Hamam geothermal field has revealed temporal variations in the gas compositions, gas flow rate and pool temperature. Different variation components, such as daily variation profiles and peak/Multi-day signals, are detected in the monitored data, which are mainly correlated with shallow and deep processes involving mainly meteorological factors and seismicity induced variations, respectively. Particularly, the coupled variations in the gas compositions and flow rate seem to correlate with seismicity induced permeability modifications within the subsurface during the absence of significant meteorological factors, such as high rainfall and varying atmospheric pressure. The noble gas characterization of the fields have revealed both high 3He/4He and 4He/20Ne isotopic ratios, suggesting a mantle contribution of about 18% for Kizildere and 34% for Tekke Hamam, whereas the other noble gases (Ar, Ne, Kr, Xe) are of atmospheric nature. The different mantle contributions observed in both fields can suggest a different mantle-He flux variably contaminated by crustal helium. The chemical (cation-trace element-anion) and stable isotopic (&amp / #948 / 18O-&amp / #948 / D) contents of the thermal waters reveal high temperature water-rock interaction accompanied by the effects of deep origined gases (mainly CO2 and H2S) discharging from the fields.