Aim:The aim of the thesis was to study the effect of a self-care education in oral health for a group of dental nurse students in Danang, Vietnam. Methods: A quantitative intervention study was performed consisting of 53 selected participants, who were clinically examined to measure the dental biofilm and gingival inflammation. The intervention was a self-care education session where both information and instruction about the materials and methods of self-care in toothbrush technique and interdental cleaning were included. Results: The self-care education in oral health proved to have an effect on the students' oral hygiene. There was a statistically significant difference between the first and the second examination of the gingival inflammation. No statistically significant difference was found between the first and second examination of dental plaque but plaque score of buccal, lingual and distal surfaces significantly decreased before the second examination.The results did not show any significant difference between the group from the rural area and the group from the urban area. Conclusion:The result of the study shows that the self-care education in oral health had a positive impact on the participant´s oral hygiene. It would be beneficial to develop a self-care educational program for the population in Vietnam to improve the oral hygiene.Through knowledge and information about good self-care habits and its positive effects, more people can achieve a better and healthier oral health as a result. / Syfte:Syftet med studien var att studera effekten av en given egenvårdsutbildning i oral hälsa för en grupp dental nurse studenter i Danang, Vietnam. Metod:En kvantitativ interventionsstudie utfördes, bestående av 53 utvalda deltagare som undersöktes kliniskt för att mäta dental biofilm och gingival inflammation. Interventionen var en egenvårdsutbildning där information och instruktion i material och metoder för egenvård i tandborstteknik och approximal rengöring inkluderades. Resultat:Egenvårdsutbildningen i oral hälsa visade sig ha effekt på studenternas munhygien. Det var en statistiskt signifikant skillnad mellan den första och den andra undersökningen av gingival inflammation. Ingen statistiskt signifikant skillnad uppnåddes mellan den första och andra undersökningen av dentalt plack. Dock sjönk plackförekomsten på de buccala, linguala och distala ytorna avsevärt innan den andra undersökningen. Resultaten visade inte någon signifikant skillnad mellan gruppen från landsbygd eller gruppen från tätort. Slutsats:Resultatet av studien visar att egenvårdsutbildningen haft en positiv inverkan på deltagarens munhygien. Det skulle vara fördelaktigt att utveckla ett egenvårdsprogram för befolkningen i Vietnam för att allmänt förbättra den orala hygienen. Genom kunskap och information om goda egenvårdsvanor och dess positiva effekter kan fler människor uppnå en bättre och hälsosammare oral hälsa.

Heart failure is a complex heart disease that incapacitates more than 5 million people, is associated with increasing healthcare cost, and remains the leading cause of admission in the United States. As the United States faces increasing financial burden related to readmission of heart failure patients within 30 days of discharge, many healthcare institutions are evaluating interventions to determine the most effective opportunities to improve systems, including nursing practice. The purpose of this doctoral project was to improve readmission rates within 30 days of discharge from an acute care facility through the development and implementation of a standardized, evidence-based, patient-centered discharge education toolkit using the Teach-Back method. Orem's self-care theory and the situation-specific theory of heart failure self-care were utilized as a theoretical framework to inform this doctoral project. The sources of evidence were obtained from the Get With The Guidelines-Heart Failure database and through a review of nursing and health-related databases. Descriptive statistics were used to compare the pre- and posteducation session readmission rates. The rate of readmissions occurring within thirty days of discharge pre- and post-educational session retrieved from the GWTG-Heart Failure database were 9.4% and 0.0% respectively. These results showed that this discharge toolkit reduced heart failure 30-days readmission rates. The limitations and strengths of this project will be used to guide further research on heart failure readmission and self-care management. This DNP project will promote positive social change for clinicians, who can use this discharge toolkit to improve self-management in adults with heart failure and thus decrease the costs related to readmission.

Bakgrund: Diabetes är en kronisk sjukdom och drabbar allt fler i världen. Distriktssköterskan på vårdcentralerna i Sverige har en betydande uppgift att vägleda patienter med typ 2 diabetes genom att erbjuda egenvårdsutbildning för att patienten själv ska klara av att hantera sjukdomen. Sjukdomen kräver en omfattande egenvård för att hålla blodglukosnivåerna optimala och för att minska eller förebygga riskerna för komplikationer. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att beskriva distriktssköterskors erfarenheter av patientutbildning till personer med typ 2 diabetes. Metod: En kvalitativ design med induktiv ansats. Semistrukturerade intervjuer hölls individuellt med fyra distriktssköterskor på två olika vårdcentraler i Stockholm län. Resultat: Resultatet i föreliggande studie visade att distriktssköterskorna måste utgå från patientens situation och individanpassa informationen. De angav vidare att det var viktigt att skapa en god relation och använde sig av olika pedagogiska metoder för att motivera patienterna till livsstilsförändring. Distriktssköterskorna angav att de hade goda kunskaper om patentutbildning, dock hade de bristande kunskaper om kulturella skillnader hos patienter. Slutsats: Studien påvisar att distriktssköterskorna har en stödjande roll i att stärka patienternas egenvårdsförmåga. Den informationen som ges måste vara individanpassade och utgå från den enskilda individen. Att använda olika pedagogiska metoder kunde öka patientens motivation. Distriktssköterskorna upplevde brist på tid- och resurser. / Background: Diabetes is a chronic disease that affects more and more people in the world. The district nurse at the health centers in Sweden has a significant task in guiding patients with type 2 diabetes by offering self-management education to enable the patients to manage the disease themselves. The disease requires extensive self-management to keep blood glucose levels optimal and to reduce or prevent the risks for complications. Aim: The purpose of this study was to describe district nurses experiences of patient education for persons with type 2 diabetes. Method: A qualitative design with inductive approach. Semistructured interviews were performed individually with four district nurses on two different out patient clinics in Stockholm’s county. Result The result of the present study showed that district nurses has to start from the patient's situation and individualize the information. They further stated that it was important to create a good relationship and used different pedagogical methods to motivate patients to lifestyle change. The district nurses stated that they had good knowledge of patent training, but they had a lack of knowledge in cultural differences in patients. Conclusion: This study showed that the district nurses have a supporting role in strengthening the patients' ability to self-management. The given information had to be individualized. It is necessary to use different pedagogical methods to increase the patient's motivation. The district nurses experience a lack of time and resources.

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