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The study intended to investigate conflict management capacity in local government authorities (LGAs) in Tanzania. Specific objectives embrace to: identify types of conflict; find out causes of conflict within Tanzania LGAs; find out positive and negative effects of conflict; explore mechanisms available for conflict resolution; identify the problems encountered in resolving conflict; and recommend policy options and strategies for managing conflict in LGAs. Research questions included: what types of conflict persist in the city and municipal councils in Tanzania?; to what extent does conflict lead to the strengthening or weakening of the relationship between the councilors and the permanent public officials?; and what are the available mechanisms for conflict resolution? The study was conducted in Iringa Municipal Council and Tanga City Council using a case study design. This involved both qualitative and quantitative approaches. A total number of 1012 respondents constituted a study sample. The research instruments included: observation, interviews, questionnaires, consultations with informants and informal discussions, focus group discussions and documentary reviews. The study found that conflict existed in the councils because of factors like inadequacy of funds, lack of transparency, lack of accountability and low level of education among the councillors. The available mechanisms for conflict resolution included: mediation, disciplinary committees, meetings, informal discussions, seminars and guidance and counselling. However, these mechanisms were not effectively used in managing conflict. Lastly, the respondents suggested measures for improving conflict resolution skills. They include: frequent meetings, provision of education and training, increased transparency, definition of roles through job descriptions, increased participatory decision-making, and increased sources of funds. / Public Administration and Management / D. Litt. et Phil. (Public Administration)

Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2016-05-31T19:49:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Gilvonete Schimitz Do Prado.pdf: 1451148 bytes, checksum: 3bad5bbcf2fcf65698a4f8dea9525f4b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-31T19:49:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gilvonete Schimitz Do Prado.pdf: 1451148 bytes, checksum: 3bad5bbcf2fcf65698a4f8dea9525f4b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-22 / The purpose of this study is to look at the path of the making of professional practice under the bias of the teaching intelligentsia of two teachers from the state public network that would allow us to build an understanding of teaching as an intellectual function, as advocated by Giroux (1997; 1999) the theoretical framework we adopted. In this perspective, the analysis of paths was based on two distinct schools of investigation: a) With respect to forming elements suggesting a disqualification of the teacher's work and freeing her from critical and purposeful features, namely those from the models training and acting markedly homogenizing and linked to the educational policies and interests committed to standards of international organizations and the state’s political party programs. b) On the other hand, other current research explores the intellectual concept and claims it is possible to make this reference also to teachers. As to research methodology, we chose to develop in light of studies by Lahire (2004; 2005), about the construction of sociological portraits with regard to the interest of explicit trajectories of life and work to learn the provisions built from many socialization contexts that teachers, the subjects of this study, have been submitted to in life and because of that to meet the research objectives listed, which include: learning which provisions have been built and as configured by teachers in different socialization processes during their professional careers, so that the grasping of these provisions would allow us to affirm or not the power of a teaching intelligence taking them the design of a teacher as an intellectual as defended by Giroux. In the example of socializing experience, we highlight the participation of teachers in Practice Seminar organized by SEE-SP in 2013, while formative experience in this way, it was also our intention to examine to what extent the experience of the teachers surveyed at the seminar in question allowed them to apply to themselves and the work they have done on occasion, traits that they attributed themselves qualifying teachers as intellectuals. From the results of the survey, we highlight the following: engagement and commitment; clarity of their political and social function as well as their theoretical beliefs, recognizing their potential as scholars and active and reflective professionals. These provisions, built on the job of teaching, are presented as a work of these teachers differential which enabled visibility in them. Thus, participation in the Good Practice Seminar reinforced what they believed about education, expanding the look of the universe of activity in which they were inserted and giving them a greater awareness of themselves and the work they performed that could be exposed and employed with this experience. / La investigación propone una mirada acerca de la trayectoria de la constituición de la actuación profesional bajo la perspectiva intelectual de dos profesoras de la red pública de enseñanza educacional del estado de São Paulo, lo que nos permitió construir y comprender la enseñanza como una función intelectual, así como se propone en Giroux (1997; 1999) como marco teórico adoptado . En esta perspectiva, el análisis de las direcciones que se basan en dos hincapiés distintos de investigación: a) Acerca de la formación de los elementos que sugieren una descalificación del trabajo del profesor y la disminución de puntos críticos como los modelos de formación de profesores uniformes vinculados a los intereses y políticas educacionales con reglas de entidades internacionales y programas de partidos políticos del estado. La otra línea de investigación examina el concepto intelectual y asegura la posibilidad en hacer referencia también al profesor. En cuanto a la metodología que se aplica en la investigación, se optó por desarrollar los estudios por Lahire (2004; 2005), en relación con la construcción de modelos sociológicos relacionados con el interés de las trayectorias explícitas de la vida y el trabajo con el fin de aprender las disposiciones construidas a partir de diversos contextos de socialización en que las profesoras, como sujetos de la investigación, se han sometido a cumplir con los objetivos de la pesquisa citados, que incluyen: aprender cuales disposiciones fueron construida y configuradas por ellas en distintos procesos de socialización durante su carrera profesional, las disposiciones nos permiten afirmar el poder de la intelectualidad docente, o no, acercándose a las concepciones de profesor como intelectual defendida por Giroux. Como ejemplo de experiencia de sociabilización, destacamos la participación de las profesoras en el Seminario de Buenas Prácticas organizado por SEE-SP en 2013, mientras experiencia formativa en el trayecto, hay también una intención en examinar en qué medida la experiencia de las profesoras investigadas con el Seminario en cuestión les permitió reflexionar sobre sí mismos y el trabajo que han hecho en alguna ocasión, los rasgos que atribuyeron a la calificación docente como intelectual. A partir de los resultados de la encuesta, podemos destacar las siguientes disposiciones: participación y el compromiso; claridad de su función política y social, además de sus creencias teóricas, reconociendo su potencial como académicas y profesionales activas y reflexivas. Las disposiciones construidas a lo largo del recorrido sobre la constitución acerca de la función del profesor, se presenta como un diferencial en el trabajo de las maestra lo que nos permitió también una la visibilidad a respecto de ellas. Así, la participación en el Seminario de Buenas Prácticas reforzó lo que se creían acerca de la educación, ampliando la observación del universo de la actuación en que la cual estaban inseridas, además de darles una mayor conciencia de sí mismos y del trabajo ejecutado, y que pudieron ser expuestos y explorado con experiencia. / Esta pesquisa propôs um olhar para o percurso de constituição da atuação profissional de duas professoras que atuam na educação básica I na rede estadual paulista, sob o viés da intelectualidade docente, que nos permitisse a construção de um entendimento do trabalho docente como uma função intelectual, conforme defendido por Giroux (1997; 1999) nosso referencial teórico adotado. Nesta perspectiva, a análise dos percursos se pautou em duas linhas de investigação distintas: a) Uma que diz respeito aos elementos de conformação que sugere uma desqualificação do trabalho do professor e seu alijamento de traços críticos e propositivos, a saber, aqueles provenientes de modelos de formação e atuação docentes marcadamente homogeneizadores e ligados aos interesses e políticas educacionais comprometidos com normas dos organismos internacionais e programas político-partidários de estado. b) Por outro lado, outra corrente de investigação que explora o conceito de intelectual e afirma ser possível fazer essa referência também ao professor. Quanto à metodologia de pesquisa, optamos por desenvolvê-la à luz dos estudos desenvolvidos por Lahire (2004; 2005), no que tange à construção de retratos sociológicos no que se refere ao interesse de explicitar trajetórias de vida e de trabalho de modo a apreender as disposições construídas a partir dos diversos contextos de socialização a que as professoras, sujeitos desta pesquisa, estiveram submetidas ao longo da vida que desse conta de atender aos objetivos de pesquisa elencados, os quais destacamos: apreender quais disposições foram construídas e como se configuraram pelas professoras nos diferentes processos de socialização, durante seu percurso profissional, de modo que a apreensão destas disposições nos permitissem afirmar a potência de uma intelectualidade docente, ou não, aproximando-as à concepção de professor como intelectual defendida por Giroux. À exemplo de experiência socializadora, destacamos a participação das professoras no Seminário de Boas Práticas organizado pela SEE-SP, em 2013, enquanto experiência formativa dentro deste percurso, deste modo, também foi nossa intenção analisar em que medida a experiência das professoras pesquisadas com o Seminário em questão permitiu que elas tecessem, sobre si mesmas e sobre o trabalho que desenvolveram na ocasião, traços que lhes atribuíssem qualificativos de professor como intelectual. Dos resultados obtidos da pesquisa, destacamos as seguintes disposições: engajamento e compromisso; clareza da sua função política e social bem como de suas convicções teóricas, reconhecimento de suas potencialidades enquanto estudiosas e profissionais ativas e reflexivas. Tais disposições, construídas ao longo do percurso de constituição da função docente, apresentavam-se como um diferencial do trabalho destas professoras o que possibilitou visibilidade sobre elas. Deste modo, a participação no Seminário de Boas Práticas reforçou aquilo em que acreditavam sobre educação, ampliando o olhar sobre o universo de atuação em que estavam inseridas e conferindo-lhes uma maior consciência sobre si mesmas e sobre o trabalho desempenhado que pôde ser exposto e explorado com tal experiência.

Varför misslyckas statliga myndigheter så ofta med sina IT-satsningar och vad kan man göra åt detta? Att IT-investeringar som görs av våra myndigheter inte ger önskade nyttoeffekter i verksamheten, innebär en stor kostnad för samhället. Tidigare forskning visar att det är vanligt att man utvecklar IT-stöd utan att först utreda vad organisationen egentligen vill uppnå med dem. Huvudfrågan i detta examensarbete är hur man kan förbättra myndigheters IT-beställningsprocess. I en seminarieserie delar åtta personer, med sig av sina erfarenheter, genom dialogseminariemetodiken. De är alla involverade i beställningsprocessen, på olika statliga myndigheter. Vi kan, i enlighet med tidigare studier, konstatera att för att kunna grunda sina IT-beställningar på de behov som verksamheten och användarna har, så måste den som är beställare ta reda på vilka dessa behov är, redan i förarbetet till beställningen. Beställare behöver få ett ökat ansvar för att se till att detta blir gjort, och att slutresultatet faktiskt ger den verksamhetsnytta man vill åstadkomma. Ett utpekat ansvar kan ge beställaren både ökad motivation och ett starkare mandat. På myndigheterna är det traditionellt sett IT-leverantören som står för stora delar av kravframtagandet och, i den mån det förekommer, användbarhetsaktiviteter och verksamhetsanalyser. Våra resultat visar att det är svårt att ändra på detta förhållande mellan leverantör och beställare. En anledning är att IT har hög status, vilket gör att leverantören lätt får övertag över beställaren. För att myndigheters IT-satsningar ska kunna ge önskat resultat kan vi konstatera att beställarna måste stärkas i sin roll. I denna studie drar vi slutsatsen att beställarna behöver backas upp av ett tydligare och mer relevant metodstöd, ett område som inte behandlats så ingående i tidigare forskning. Vidare måste beställningsprocessen specificeras mer noggrant och ansvarsfördelningen mellan de olika parterna klargöras. Avgörande för att detta ska ske är att personer i ledande position på myndigheterna kommer till insikt om hur mycket man har att tjäna på att låta verksamhetens behov vara det som styr IT-utvecklingen. / Why do IT investments so often go wrong, and what can we do in order to achieve better results? IT investments in Government authorities are often problematic, and it is common that the resulting product of a procurement does not meet the organization's expectations in the actual usage. It has been shown that IT products are often designed without sufficient investigation of the organisations' business requirements or their users' needs. In this study, through a series of dialogue seminars, eight people from different Swedish Government authorities, who are involved in the procurement process, will share their experiences with us. The main question of this master thesis is how the procurement process at the Government authorities can be improved. If the procurer does not find out the users' and business' needs in the earliest phases of the process, the procurement can not be based on them. Traditionally at Government authorities, which is also confirmed in this study, it is often up to the IT supplier to perform usability activities. In accordance with prior research, our results show that the procurer have to be given more responsibilities for the effects that the end products has on the business. It becomes a problem that the supplier, due to the high status that comes with IT knowledge, have ascendancy over the procurer. To support the procurer in their task of formulating their procurements on basis of the organisation's needs, we can conclude that the procurer has to be given a much better support through customized methodology. A field of research that has not been dealt with so much in earlier scientific studies. And in order to change the relation between supplier and procurer, the results suggest that the authorities must clarify the responsibilities and proceedings of the procurement process.

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