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L'utilisation des canaux multiples améliore significativement les performances globales des réseaux de capteurs sans fil (RCSF) en permettant des transmissions parallèles sur plusieurs canaux. Cependant, la mise en place d’un protocole MAC multi-canal dans un réseau multisauts nécessite une méthode efficace d’allocation des canaux pour permettre une coordination entre les nœuds afin de partager les canaux disponibles. Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons à la conception d’un protocole MAC multi-canal qui répond aux exigences des applications de collecte de données à haut débit dans un réseau multi-saut. Pour ce faire, nous abordons d’abord les principales façons d’utiliser plusieurs canaux pour réaliser le partage du médium. Ensuite, nous proposons un protocole MAC multi-canal, répondant aux exigences des RCSF à haut débit, qui combine les trois techniques TDMA, CSMA et FDMA. En effet, nous utilisons une nouvelle méthode d’allocation des canaux qui permet aux nœuds de choisir le canal de réception le plus convenable dans leurs voisinages jusqu’à 3-sauts d’une façon distribuée afin de minimiser les effets des interférences et des collisions. Enfin, nous évaluons par simulation les performances de notre protocole et nous le comparons à d’autres protocoles proposés dans la littérature. Les résultats obtenus montrent l’efficacité de notre proposition dans les différents scénarios étudiés. / The use of multi-channel significantly improves the overall network performance of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) by allowing parallel transmissions over multiple channels. However, the design of a multi-channel MAC protocol in a multi-hop network requires an efficient channel allocation method that allows the coordination between the nodes in order to share available channels. In this thesis, we focus on the conception of a multi-channel MAC protocol that meets the requirements of high data collection applications in a multi-hop network. In order to achieve this goal, we first present the main techniques to use multiple channels to realize medium access sharing. Then, we propose a multi-channel MAC protocol that meets the requirements of high data rate WSNs, which combines three techniques TDMA, FDMA and CSMA. Indeed, we use a new channel assignment method that enables nodes to choose the most convenient channel in their 3-hop neighborhood in a distributed manner in order to minimize the effects of interferences and collisions. Finally, we evaluate by simulation the performance of our protocol and we compare it to other protocols proposed in the literature. The results show the efficiency of our proposition in the different studied scenarios.

Interactive digital art installations are fundamentally enabled by hardware and software. Through a combination of these elements an interactive experience is con- structed. The first half of this thesis discusses the technical complexity associated with design and implementation of digital interactive installation. A system, dreamIO, is proposed for mediating this complexity through providing wireless building blocks for creating interactive installations. The technical details–both hardware and software– of this system are outlined. Measurements of the system are presented followed by analysis and discussion of the real world impact of this data. Finally, a discussion of future improvements is presented. The second half of this thesis examines an example interactive installation, Trans- code, which uses the proposed system as the building block for the piece. The piece is presented as evidence for the value of the proposed system and as a work of art in it’s own right. The use of the dreamIO system is detailed followed by a discussion of the interactivity and aesthetic form of the work. The purposes of these specific design choices are then presented. Finally, the work is analyzed through a combination of Relational Aesthetics and Cybernetics. / Graduate

The first part of this thesis develops methods for UWB communication. To meet the stringent regulatory body constraints, the physical layer signaling technique of the UWB transceiver should be optimally designed. We propose two signaling schemes which are variants of pulse position modulation (PPM) signaling for impulse radio (IR) UWB communication. We also discuss the detectors for the signaling schemes and evaluate the performance of these detectors.  IR-UWB can be used for precise range measurements as it provides a very high time resolution. This enables accurate time of arrival (TOA) estimations from which precise range values can be derived. We propose methods which use range information to arrive at optimal schedules for an all-to-all broadcast problem. Results indicate that throughput can be increased on average by three to ten times for typical network configurations compared to the traditional methods. Next, we discuss hypothesis testing in the context of UWB transceivers. We show that, when multiple detector outputs from a hardware platform are available, fusing the results from them can yield better performance in hypothesis testing than relying on a single detector output. In the second part of this thesis, the emphasis is placed on localization and joint estimation of location and communication parameters. Here, we focus on estimating the TOA of the signal. The wide bandwidth of the UWB signal requires high speed analog to digital converts (ADC) which makes the cost of the digital transceivers prohibitively high. To address this problem, we take two different strategies. In the first approach, we propose a multichannel receiver with each channel having a low-cost energy detector operating at a sub-Nyquist rate. In the second approach, we consider a compressive sampling based technique. Here, we propose a new acquisition front end, using which the sampling rate of the ADC can be significantly reduced. We extended the idea of compressive sampling based TOA estimation towards joint estimation of TOA and PPM symbols. Here, two signaling methods along with the algorithms are proposed based on the dynamicity of the target. They provide similar performance to the ML based estimation, however with a significant savings in the ADC resources. / <p>QC 20161205</p>

No Brasil existem milhões de brasileiros com algum tipo de dificuldade de locomoção, sendo que grande parte dessas pessoas com deficiência necessita de cadeira de rodas para se locomover. Com o fato de existirem inúmeros de brasileiros cadeirantes, o desenvolvimento de tecnologias ditas ¨assistivas¨, ou seja, tecnologias que visam assistir estas pessoas em suas atividades, tem recebido uma crescente atenção, tanto do ponto de vista de negócios (com o aumento de produtos), como de pesquisas acadêmicas. Dentre estas linhas de pesquisa, a integração entre cadeiras de rodas automatizadas com sistemas de automação predial e residencial está entre as linhas de pesquisa de maior destaque, pois tem como objetivo tornar a vida do usuário de cadeira de rodas mais produtiva e cômoda, contribuindo para sua independência. Os sistemas de automação predial e residencial mais complexos elevam o nível de um ambiente automatizado para um ambiente inteligente, pois tornam o nível de abstração maior, fornecendo serviços de forma pervasiva. O ambiente inteligente necessita de informações para que possa oferecer seus serviços ao cadeirante, e uma informação importante seria a localização da cadeira de rodas automatizada. Neste contexto, este trabalho propõe um sistema de localização em interiores para cadeiras de rodas automatizadas em ambientes inteligentes. A proposta combina Redes de Sensores Sem Fio (RSSF) e a tecnologia RFID, onde as etiquetas RFID são utilizadas como marcos de referências para a calibração automática dos parâmetros da RSSF, que convencionalmente são obtidos de forma experimental. O estudo de caso para validar o sistema de localização proposto foi realizado numa sala automatizada no prédio da Engenharia Elétrica da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) como ambiente inteligente, e uma cadeira de rodas automatizada adaptada para se comunicar com a RSSF. Além deste estudo de caso, foram realizados outros experimentos com intuito de avaliar qual método geraria os melhores resultados para o sistema de localização baseado em RSSF e a tecnologia RFID, combinando diferentes modelos de propagação de sinal RF e diferentes formas de calibrar os parâmetros da rede. Além disso, outras questões sobre o sistema de localização proposto foram analisadas, como por exemplo, a influência do aumento da quantidade de nós da rede na exatidão do sistema, o comportamento do sistema quando, para um mesmo cenário, o sentido do percurso é invertido, e a influência do leiaute dos nós da rede no desempenho do sistema. / In Brazil there are millions of people with some kind of limited mobility, and that most of these disabled people need a wheelchair to get around. With the fact that there are millions of wheelchair users, the development of assistive technologies, i.e. technologies to assist these people in their activities, has received increasing attention both from the standpoint of business (with the increase of products), as academic research. Among these lines of research, the integration of automated wheelchairs with home automation systems are among the research areas of greatest importance because it aims to make the user's life more productive and comfortable, contributing to their independence. The home automation systems more complex increase the level of an automated environment for intelligent environment, as they make the higher level of abstraction, providing pervasive services. The intelligent environment needs information so it can offer your services to the wheelchair user, and important information would be the location of the automated wheelchair. Within this context, this paper proposes an indoor positioning system for wheelchairs in intelligent environments. The proposal combines Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) and RFID technology, where RFID tags are used as landmark for automatic calibration of the parameters of WSN, which are conventionally obtained experimentally. The case study to validate the proposed indoor positioning system was performed at an automated room in the building of Electrical Engineering, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) with the intelligent environment and automated wheelchair adapted to communicate with the WSN. In addition to the case study, other experiments in order to assess which method would produce the best results for the localization system based on RFID and WSN, combining different radio propagation model and different forms of calibrate the parameters of the WSN. In addition, other questions about the proposed indoor positioning system were analyzed, for example, the influence of increasing the amount of network nodes on the system accuracy, the behavior of the system for the same scenario when the direction of travel is reversed, and the influence of the layout of the network nodes on the system performance.

The cost of packets or pallets handling at the studied freight company has increased considerable through the years due to increase in online shopping. As a result of this, the company has tried different methods of processing packets and pallets at the warehouse without effective result. The primary aim of the study is to analyze communication and collaboration of information in the warehouse and come up with a possible improvement suggestion to the multinational freight company. The result from the analysis shows the weak points in information sharing between different areas of warehouse operations of the multinational freight company. The outcome of the study recommends use of information technology such as Radio Frequency Identification and Wireless Sensor Network. The recommendation will allow extension of information sharing to all processes involved in packets or pallets handling at the warehouse.

This thesis is focused on object tracking by a decentralized sensor network using fusion center-based and consensus-based distributed particle filters. The model includes clutter as well as missed detections of the object. The approach uses sparsity of global likelihood function, which, by means of appropriate sparse approximation and the suitable dictionaty selection can significantly reduce communication requirements in the decentralized sensor network. The master's thesis contains a design of exchange methods of sparse data in the sensor network and a comparison of the proposed methods in terms of accuracy and energy requirements.

This diploma thesis describes the standard IEEE802.15.4 and Zigbee for wireless sensor networks. These norms are described in detail in the first two chapters. The main priority of the wireless sensor networks is to minimize the power of the devices and the price while maximizing the reliability of the data transfer. Minimum consumption is provided by the significantly lowered complexity in comparison to the standard wireless networks. Further, the design of the concept of the complex and universal hardware platform focused on intelligent building is described. Software implementation of those norms is described in the chapters five and six. Finally, comparison of the designed hardware platform and the other commercial platforms is described in the last chapter.

Master’s thesis in the first part focuses on the effectiveness of communication in the selection of reference nodes during the anchor-free localization in WSN. In this part two anchor-free localization algorithms AFL and CRP are explored. Knowledge learned on the selection of reference nodes and communication complexities of these algorithms are used in the second part. The second part is aimed at eliminating weaknesses in communication and subsequently proposed a new algorithm for selection of references. The principle of the newly proposed algorithm CASRU (Centralized Algorithm for Selection of Reference Nodes) is based on the principle of CRP. CASRU algorithm builds logical tree structure and then filters the communication through it. New algorithm achieves much greater success in the selection in randomly distributed networks while reducing the amount of communication load.