METHODS: Data from the 2013-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) was analyzed for adults above age 40 with 3669 participants with taste and 3691 participants with smell disorders. Smoking status, based upon the history of smoking in the past 5 days was classified as ‘No tobacco smoking’, ‘E-cigs’, ‘Cigarettes’, and ‘Cigar/Hookah/Pipe’ and ‘Smokeless tobacco’. The outcome measure was having taste disorder or smell disorder determined by answering ‘yes’ to self-reported taste or smell questionnaires respectively. This information was collected by trained interviewers using the Computer-Assisted Personal Interviewing (CAPI) system. Chi-square and multivariate logistic regression analyses were done with SAS 9.4 using survey weights to account for the complex sampling design. Odds ratios (OR) for taste or smell disorder to those without the respective disorder were compared within different smoking categories. RESULTS: Individuals with taste disorders were more likely to be Mexican American, 40-49.5 yrs., with a history of persistent cold/flu, dry mouth, or cancer. Both smokeless tobacco (OR =2.59) and E-cig (OR =2.30) users showed significantly higher odds of having taste disorders compared to non-smokers. Participants with smell disorder were more likely to be female, non-Hispanic black/other Hispanics with a history of dry mouth, tonsillectomy, head injury, or sinus infections. For smell disorders, Cigar/Hookah/Pipes showed significantly higher odds compared to non-smokers (OR = 2.13). CONCLUSION: This cross-sectional study suggests that E-cigs use is significantly associated with taste disorders, whereas Cigar/Hookah/Pipe use is found to be significantly associated with higher odds of having smell disorders.

Description. Les troubles d’alimentation touchent de 33 à 80 % des enfants ayant un trouble du développement. L’évaluation clinique constitue une étape essentielle dans l’identification de la problématique. Alors qu’il existe des outils valides permettant d’évaluer la sphère oro-motrice, l’évaluation des problèmes d’origine sensorielle reste très limitée entraînant une négligence importante de cette dimension dans la prise en charge des problèmes d’alimentation. But. La présente étude avait pour but de développer une version préliminaire d’un instrument de mesure permettant l’identification précoce des problèmes d’alimentation d’ordre sensoriel chez la population pédiatrique. Méthodologie. Les premières étapes énoncées par Kielhofner et collègues permettant l’élaboration d’un nouvel outil d’évaluation ont été suivies. Résultats. Une version préliminaire de cet outil est proposée comprenant un questionnaire et un test. Le Questionnaire de la sphère sensorielle de l’alimentation (QSSA), constitué de 58 items, permet de documenter les capacités de l’enfant à traiter l’information sensorielle en lien avec l’alimentation et le Test de la sphère sensorielle de l’alimentation (TSSA) permet d’évaluer directement la tolérance de l’enfant à l’exploration buccale de matériel non comestible et comestible. Conséquences. La conception du questionnaire et du test de la sphère sensorielle de l’alimentation constituent les premières étapes du développement d’un outil d’évaluation visant spécifiquement la sphère sensorielle et les habitudes alimentaires chez le jeune enfant (6-36 mois). / Problem Statement. Thirty-three to 80% of children with developmental problems also have feeding problems. The clinical evaluation of these children constitutes an essential step in identifying feeding problems. Although valid tools for the assessment of oral-motor problems exist, evaluation of oral sensory problems remains very limited, resulting in a marked gap for addressing feeding problems of a sensory nature. Goal. The goal of this study was to put in place several critical steps necessary to develop a measurement instrument for the early identification of sensory feeding problems in the pediatric population. Methods. Several steps, described by Kielhofner and colleagues, for the development of a new evaluation tool were followed. Results. A preliminary version of a parent questionnaire (Questionnaire de la sphère sensorielle de l’alimentation), containing 58 items, has been developed. It allows the documentation of children’s ability to deal with oral sensory issues related to feeding. The test (Test de la sphere sensorielle de l’alimentation) permits evaluation of the tolerance to oral exploration of non-edible and edible items. Implications. This questionnaire and test constitute a first step in the development of a sound clinical oral sensory and feeding assessment tool for young children ages 6 to 36 months.

Closely interrelated motoric and sensoric mechanisms are the ones of the main components of the motoric system. Most motoric functions are dependent on integration of sensoric systems. The greatest focus during KT procedures is given to making a movement and postural maintenance, irrespective of the importance of sensoric information. Therefore, sensoric research on the children with cerebral palsy remains relevant and requires more thorough examination. Purpose of the paper is to overview KT principles applied in case of cerebral palsy and define the influence of kinesitherapy on development of senses and general motorics in 10-15 year old children. The following tasks were set in the paper: 1) To evaluate the sensoric disorder in children with cerebral palsy, depending on the form and type of cerebral palsy; 2) Establish the developmental level of general motorics in children with cerebral palsy; 3) Evaluate influence of KT on development of senses and general motorics in 10-15 year old children with cerebral palsy. 12 children with cerebral palsy took place in the research. Examinees had specific forms of cerebral palsy including spastic hemiplegia, or hemiparesis, spastic diplegia, spastic tetraplegia and type of ataxic palsy. In the course of research, KT procedures had been applied for 9 months. The following research methods were applied in the paper: literary analysis; testing (Assessment Test on the Function of Bodily Movements; Methods of Research on Senses... [to full text]

Description. Les troubles d’alimentation touchent de 33 à 80 % des enfants ayant un trouble du développement. L’évaluation clinique constitue une étape essentielle dans l’identification de la problématique. Alors qu’il existe des outils valides permettant d’évaluer la sphère oro-motrice, l’évaluation des problèmes d’origine sensorielle reste très limitée entraînant une négligence importante de cette dimension dans la prise en charge des problèmes d’alimentation. But. La présente étude avait pour but de développer une version préliminaire d’un instrument de mesure permettant l’identification précoce des problèmes d’alimentation d’ordre sensoriel chez la population pédiatrique. Méthodologie. Les premières étapes énoncées par Kielhofner et collègues permettant l’élaboration d’un nouvel outil d’évaluation ont été suivies. Résultats. Une version préliminaire de cet outil est proposée comprenant un questionnaire et un test. Le Questionnaire de la sphère sensorielle de l’alimentation (QSSA), constitué de 58 items, permet de documenter les capacités de l’enfant à traiter l’information sensorielle en lien avec l’alimentation et le Test de la sphère sensorielle de l’alimentation (TSSA) permet d’évaluer directement la tolérance de l’enfant à l’exploration buccale de matériel non comestible et comestible. Conséquences. La conception du questionnaire et du test de la sphère sensorielle de l’alimentation constituent les premières étapes du développement d’un outil d’évaluation visant spécifiquement la sphère sensorielle et les habitudes alimentaires chez le jeune enfant (6-36 mois). / Problem Statement. Thirty-three to 80% of children with developmental problems also have feeding problems. The clinical evaluation of these children constitutes an essential step in identifying feeding problems. Although valid tools for the assessment of oral-motor problems exist, evaluation of oral sensory problems remains very limited, resulting in a marked gap for addressing feeding problems of a sensory nature. Goal. The goal of this study was to put in place several critical steps necessary to develop a measurement instrument for the early identification of sensory feeding problems in the pediatric population. Methods. Several steps, described by Kielhofner and colleagues, for the development of a new evaluation tool were followed. Results. A preliminary version of a parent questionnaire (Questionnaire de la sphère sensorielle de l’alimentation), containing 58 items, has been developed. It allows the documentation of children’s ability to deal with oral sensory issues related to feeding. The test (Test de la sphere sensorielle de l’alimentation) permits evaluation of the tolerance to oral exploration of non-edible and edible items. Implications. This questionnaire and test constitute a first step in the development of a sound clinical oral sensory and feeding assessment tool for young children ages 6 to 36 months.