The influence of parental marital status and parental conflict on the separation-individuation process of college students was investigated in the present study. Past studies have suggested that parental divorce and parental conflict accelerate separation. However, no studies have measured more than one dimension of separation-individuation. In this study the process of separation-individuation was operationalized as involving three dimensions: psychological separation from parents (Psychological Separation Inventory); emotional attachments to parents and peers (Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment); and the development of an identity (Extended Objective Measure of Ego Identity Status). The sample consisted of 120 male and 120 female undergraduates between the ages of 18 and 22, one-half with parents who were married and one-half with parents who had divorced in the last five years. Subjects completed self-report measures of parental conflict, psychological separation, attachment to parents and to peers, and identity status. Predictions that parental conflict would affect students in intact families differently than their peers with divorced parents were not supported. Instead, parental divorce and conflict were found to have different effects on the components of the separation-individuation process. Subjects reporting higher parental conflict levels described more independent functioning, more negative feelings toward parents, less attachment to parents and to peers, and greater exploration of identity-related issues in comparison to those reporting low levels of conflict. Subjects with parents who had recently divorced reported lower attachment to parents, and greater identity exploration and reluctance to commit to an identity than subjects from intact families. Males reported greater independence from and less attachment to parents, and had committed to an identity without exploration less often than females. Results suggest that parental divorce and conflict may influence adolescent development in different ways. Exploratory analyses suggested that measures of conflict style are more highly related to indices of separation-individuation than measures of the amount of parental conflict. Theoretical and methodological issues are discussed.

This thesis aimed to examine the process of projective identification in the couple relationship by focusing on two areas of investigation: Firstly, how projective identification operates &ldquo / within&rdquo / an individual regarding the associations among early parenting experiences, personality and couple relationship / secondly how projective identification operates between two partners in the couple relationship regarding partners&rsquo / similarities and complementarities have been focused. Initially, several multiple regressions were run to examine the relationships among the parenting, personality and couple relationship. Afterwards, several intra-class partial pairwise correlatons were conducted to reveal similarities and complementarities of the partners regarding their early maladaptive parenting experiences, personality constructs and couple relationship variables. Paulson Daily Living Inventory, Separation-Individuation Inventory and Splitting Scale were translated into Turkish and psychometric studies were conducted. For the main study, 356 participants (178 male and 178 female), who are cohabiting partners to each other, were achieved through snowball sampling method. Early maladaptive parenting experiences of the participants were examined by Young Parenting Inventory. Personality constructs contained &ldquo / separation individuation process&rdquo / and &ldquo / splitting defense&rdquo / as the theoretical correlates of projective identification, and &ldquo / early maladaptive schemas&rdquo / of the individuals. Couple relationship variables were &ldquo / relationship satisfaction&rdquo / , &ldquo / emotional dependency&rdquo / and &ldquo / jealousy&rdquo / . Findings of the study revealed that projective identification has bidirectional relatedness with the personality and couple relationship of the individual. Multiple regression analyses showed theoretically consistent associations among an individual&rsquo / s parenting experiences, personality and couple relationship. Intra-class partial pairwise correlations showed similarities and complementarities between two partners. Findings were discussed in the light of relevant literature.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 1996. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 83-96). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 1996. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 83-96). Also available on the Internet.

This study examined separation—individuation developmental issues for young adult women, from the perspective of object-relations theory. Its purpose was to explore a woman's perception of her relationship with mother as it is affected by age and request for psychotherapy as well as the relationship between the mother-daughter bond and selfreported personality characteristics. Ninety-six women from 17 to 40 years of age volunteered to participate, and they were grouped into two age ranges. Life Stage 1 women were 17-22 years of age, while Life Stage 2 women ranged from 23-40. Within each Life Stage, the women were further categorized into clinical and non-clinical groups. All of the participants were college students and/or working women from clerical, managerial, and professional occupations who were recruited from their respective schools, jobs and outpatient clinics. Each woman completed the test packet which included a demographic data questionnare; the Identity vis-a-vis Mother Questionnaie (IVM-20) developed by Crastnopol (1980); the Clinical Analysis Questionnaire (CAQ) and Rotter1s Locus of Control Scale. The IVM-20 contains four scales, each designed to measure a unique mother-daughter relationship: Individuated (Ind), Symbiosis (Syra), Practicing (Prac) and Distancing (Dist). Ind is supposed to reflect a healthy autonomy with a loving mother-daughter bond, while Prac should represent ambivalence toward mother. Sym represents an overly dependent relationship and Dist was designed to measure an angry rejection of mother.

<p>Istraživanje prikazano ovim radom imalo je za cilj da ispita relacije između ranog iskustva i sekundarne psiholo&scaron;ke separacije&ndash;individuacije adolescenata. Rano iskustvo smo posmatrali na osnovu obrazaca afektivne vezanosti, disfunkcionalnih kognitivnih &scaron;ema i samopo&scaron;tovanja koji se formiraju rano putem interiorizacije i za koje je bitna rana interakcija sa značajnim drugim. Ispitane su i relacije između različitih sociodemografskih karakteristika i dimenzija sekundarne psiholo&scaron;ke separacije&ndash;individuacije.<br />Za potrebe istraživanja kori&scaron;teni su postojeći instrumenti, s tim &scaron;to su provjerene metrijske karatkeristike u pilot istraživanju i svi instrumenti su pokazali zadovoljavajuće karakteristike.<br />Kori&scaron;teni su sljedeći instrumenti: Upitnik o sociodemografskim karakteristikama kreiran za potrebe ovog istraživanja, Rozenbergova skala samopo&scaron;tovanja (RSE), Instrument za procjenu afektivne vezanosti adolescenata UPIPAV-R, Inventar SCP1 namijenjen za procjenu 15 disfunkcionalnih kognitivnih &scaron;ema prema modelu Janga, Test za procjenu separacije&ndash;individuacije za adolescente (SITA).<br />Faktorska analiza ukazala je na identičnu strukturu svih konstrukata kao i u originalnim instrumentima, s tim &scaron;to je samopo&scaron;tovanje dvodimenzionalno, na &scaron;ta su ukazala neka istraživanja. U cilju određivanja obrazaca afektivne vezanosti na skalama Instrumenta UPIPAV-R primijenjena je analiza grupisanja (Klaster analiza). Pretpostavljeno je postojanje četiri obrasca afektivne vezanosti u skladu sa teorijskim modelom afektivne vezanosti.</p><p>Na osnovu rezultata regresione analize dobijeno je da dimenzije sekundarne psiholo&scaron;ke separacije&ndash;individuacije ostvaruju značajne relacije sa disfunkcionalnim kognitivnim &scaron;emama, a pozitivna dimenzija samopo&scaron;tovanja sa dimenzijom čežnja za djetinjstvom. Putem MANOVA analize i t-testa registrovane su razlike u pogledu dimenzija sekundarne psiholo&scaron;ke separacije&ndash;individuacije između različitih grupa sociodemografskih karakteristika.</p> / <p>Research presented in this paper<br />includes searching for significant relations<br />between early experiences and secondary<br />psychological separation-individuation of<br />adolescents. Early experience is operationalized<br />on the basis of patterns of attachment,<br />dysfunctional cognitive schemas and selfesteem<br />that are formed early through<br />interiorization and early interactions with<br />significant others that are the most important for<br />that process. The aim was to examine the<br />significant relations between different sociodemographic<br />characteristics on dimensions of<br />secondary psychological separationindividuation<br />too.<br />All existing instruments, used in this research<br />paper, with proven psychometric characteristics<br />tested in the pilot study have showed<br />satisfactory performance.<br />We were using the following instruments: a<br />questionnaire on socio-demographic<br />characteristics created for the purposes of this<br />study, Rosenberg Self-Esteem scale (RSE),<br />Questionnaire UPIPAV-R to measure the<br />attachment style for adolescents, SCP1<br />questionnaire designed to assess the 15<br />maladaptive schemas modeled Young,<br />Separation-individuation Test of Adolescence<br />(SITA).<br />Factor analysis, as well as original instruments,<br />indicated the identical structure of all<br />constructs, except the two-dimensional selfesteem.<br />In order to determine patterns of<br />attachment on the Questionnaire UPIPAV-R<br />scale, we applied grouping analysis( Cluster analysis). It was assumed the existence of four</p><p>patterns of attachment in accordance with the<br />theoretical model of attachment.<br />The findings of regression analysis demonstrate<br />that the dimensions of the secondary<br />psychological separation-individuation achieved<br />significant relations with some maladaptive<br />cognitive schemas. Positive dimension of selfesteem<br />achieved significant relations with<br />dimension longing for childhood. MANOVA<br />analysis and t-test registered differences in<br />levels of aspects of secondary psychological<br />separation-individuation, between different<br />groups of socio-demographic characteristics.</p>

<p>Föreliggande studie utgör en psykoanalytisk texttolkning av den tysk-schweiziske författaren Hermann Hesses Siddhartha ur ett objektrelationsteoretiskt perspektiv. De metoder som tillämpas är den traditionella hermeneutiska texttolkningsmetoden och den kliniska psykoanalytiska överförings- och motöverföringsmodellen. Medels dessa tolkningsmodeller och objektrelationsteorier, särskilt Melanie Kleins, Donald W. Winnicotts och James Mastersons, åskådliggörs den svårfångade emotionella problematik som alla individer med preoidipala svårigheter eller brister i självet ger uttryck för.</p><p>Utgångspunkten för texttolkningen är teorin om den infantila omnipotenta fantasin, fantasin om att kunna uppnå ett tillstånd av absolut balans, behovs- och begärslöshet, vilken texten är genomsyrad av. Denna fantasi framstår i ljuset av textens primära utvecklingskonflikt kring separation-individuation och dess narcissistiska grundstruktur som ett uttryck för sökandet efter det sanna självets natur och dess förlösande, ett sökande, vilket fram till insiktsögonblicket effektivt omintetgörs av det falska självets verklighetsförvanskande och verklighetsförnekande försvar.</p>

Föreliggande studie utgör en psykoanalytisk texttolkning av den tysk-schweiziske författaren Hermann Hesses Siddhartha ur ett objektrelationsteoretiskt perspektiv. De metoder som tillämpas är den traditionella hermeneutiska texttolkningsmetoden och den kliniska psykoanalytiska överförings- och motöverföringsmodellen. Medels dessa tolkningsmodeller och objektrelationsteorier, särskilt Melanie Kleins, Donald W. Winnicotts och James Mastersons, åskådliggörs den svårfångade emotionella problematik som alla individer med preoidipala svårigheter eller brister i självet ger uttryck för. Utgångspunkten för texttolkningen är teorin om den infantila omnipotenta fantasin, fantasin om att kunna uppnå ett tillstånd av absolut balans, behovs- och begärslöshet, vilken texten är genomsyrad av. Denna fantasi framstår i ljuset av textens primära utvecklingskonflikt kring separation-individuation och dess narcissistiska grundstruktur som ett uttryck för sökandet efter det sanna självets natur och dess förlösande, ett sökande, vilket fram till insiktsögonblicket effektivt omintetgörs av det falska självets verklighetsförvanskande och verklighetsförnekande försvar.

The present research investigated the relationship between separation-individuation issues and the motoric activity of running in adult female development. Literature on sex roles and sociocultural factors was presented. Previous research on physical activity and mental health was reviewed. Psychodynamic formulations provided the framework for exploring and understanding a woman's involvement in running. Measuring instruments tapped concepts related to independence and separateness.

Abbiamo esaminato il ruolo della separazione coniugale e del genere nello spiegare il coinvolgimento in processi familiari disfunzionali, le difficoltà di separazione-individuazione e il benessere psicologico dei figli giovani adulti. È stata privilegiata la dimensione etica dei rapporti tra le generazioni, espressa nelle percezioni di giustizia e cura nelle relazioni familiari. Un primo studio, quantitativo, è stato condotto su un campione di 264 soggetti tra i 20 e i 30 anni, provenienti da nuclei separati e intatti, a cui è stato somministrato un questionario self report. I figli di separati tendono ad esprimere più marcatamente sentimenti di ingiustizia relativi alla famiglia d'origine, e ad enfatizzare la propria indipendenza affettiva dai genitori. Le femmine esprimono un maggiore sovraccarico legato alla cura emotiva dei familiari, riportano tendenze depressive e più intensi timori di perdere l'affetto dei genitori . Nel secondo studio, sperimentando un approccio metodologico composito, abbiamo approfondito il tema dei confini generazionali e delle difficoltà di separazione-individuazione in un piccolo campione di giovani donne provenienti da genitori separati. Abbiamo riscontrato che la transizione all'età adulta risulta rallentata dalle responsabilità di cura assunte verso la madre, o al contrario accelerato, nel bisogno di prendere le distanze da lei. Nel terzo studio, illustrando alcuni dei risultati emersi attraverso l'analisi di due casi, abbiamo rilevato la significatività della funzione paterna per la separazione delle figlie nei nuclei monogenitoriali successivi alla separazione coniugale. / We examined the role of parental divorce and gender in young adults' involvement in dysfunctional family processes, as well as in their difficulties of separation-individuation and their psychological well-being. The first study is quantitative and was conducted with a sample of 264 subjects, aged between 20 and 30, who filled in a self report questionnaire. Results showed that children of divorced parents express more feelings of unfairness towards their family of origin, and emphasize their emotional independence from their parents. Females feel the burden of emotional caregiving for their parents more than males and are more vulnerable to depression. Moreover, females are more afraid of losing their parents' love. In the second study we used a mixed method approach to study generational boundaries and separation-individuation difficulties in a small sample of young women with divorced parents. Results showed that the transition to adulthood may either be hindered by the emotional burden of children's responsibilities towards the parents (especially the mother) or accelerated by the need to put one's familiar experience at a distance. In the third study, through two case studies, we explored some of the results obtained in the multimethodological section. This analysis suggested the importance of considering the role of the paternal function in helping young women separate from their mothers in single parent families.