• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 15
  • 8
  • 6
  • 5
  • 1
  • 1
  • Tagged with
  • 38
  • 10
  • 8
  • 7
  • 7
  • 6
  • 6
  • 6
  • 6
  • 6
  • 5
  • 5
  • 4
  • 4
  • 4
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

Estudos estruturais e bioquímicos das septinas humanas bradeiona alfa e beta: moléculas relacionadas com o desenvolvimento de câncer do cólon, reto e melanoma maligno / Human SETPT4: heterologoes expression, Purification and biophysical characterization

Silva, Wânius José Garcia da 08 June 2005 (has links)
Septinas constituem uma família de proteínas de ligação a GTP que foram inicialmente identificadas em levedura Saccharomyces cerevisiae, mas também estão presentes em outros eucariotos com exceção de plantas. Septinas são purificadas de leveduras, Drosophila e cérebros de mamíferos na forma de filamentos, porém o mecanismo através do qual acorre a formação destes filamentos ainda não é muito bem compreendido. Septinas são constituídas de três regiões principais: um N-terminal variável, um domínio central GTPase altamente conservado e um domínio coiled-coil C-terminal. O gene SEPT4 foi identificado por M. Tanaka e colaboradores a partir do cDNA de cérebro humano e apresentou duas distintas transcrições: Bradeiona ? e ?. Interessantemente, além de cérebro e coração, as proteínas Bradeiona Α e Β. são detectadas somente em câncer do cólon, reto, próstata e melanoma maligno. Neste trabalho, o gene da proteína Bradeiona Β foi subclonado em um vetor de expressão bacteriano, produzido em E. coli e purificado com sucesso. O espectro de dicroísmo circular (CD) mostrou o perfil característico de proteínas com hélices a na estrutura secundária. Resultados de cromatografia de exclusão molecular (SEC) e espalhamento dinâmico de luz (DLS) indicam que a septina Bradeina foi produzida na forma de um estável oligômero com características monodispersivas, que foi subseqüentemente cristalizado em PEG6000. A atividade GTPase da Bradeiona Β foi comprovada através da técnica de eletroforese capilar (CE), mostrando-se absolutamente dependente de íons Mg2+. Inibição da atividade GTPase foi verificada em altas concentrações de Mg2+ (maiores que 5 mM). Com a finalidade de caracterizar os domínios preditos da Bradeiona Β (Fragmento Conservado e domínio GTPase), essas regiões foram previamente definidas, expressas em E. cozi e purificadas com sucesso. Resultados de CD, SEC, espectroscopia de fluorescência e NMR-600MHz indicam que o FC foi produzido na forma de um estável monômero com pouca estrutura secundária regular. Resultados de DLS e CD indicam que a fusão 6xHis-DGTPase foi produzida na forma de um oligômero com a presença de hélices a na estrutura secundária. A fusão 6xHis-DGTPase mostrou-se instável a altas concentrações na ausência de imidazol. A atividade GTPase da fusão GST+DGTPase foi comprovada, similarmente a Bradeiona , através da técnica de CE. Novamente, verificou-se dependência de íons Mg2+ (para a atividade catalítica) e inibição em altas concentrações de Mg2+. A fusão GST+DGTPase também foi capaz de hidrolisar ATP. Espera-se que as informações relatadas neste estudo proporcionem um alicerce para estudos estruturais/funcionais futuros das proteínas Bradeiona Α e Βoutras septinas. / Septins form a class of eukaryoyic guanine nucleotide-binding proteins that were first identified in budding yeast. Septins purified from yeast, Drosophila and mammalian brain form filaments, however the mechanism by which the filaments assemble is unclear. Septins have a highly conserved structure, which includes a central GTP-binding domain, a variable N-terminal region, and most septins also contain a coiled coil domain at the Cterminus. Bradeion p is one of the splice variants of the human septin gene, SEPT4, recently isolated by expression screening of an adult human brain cDNA library. The Bradeion gene resides at 17q23, and has been shown to present specific expression in both human colorectal cancer, urologic cancers and malignant melanoma. In order to characterize the GTPase activity of Bradeion Β , the protein was successfully expressed in E. coli and purified. The recombinant protein was characterized by circular dichroism (CD), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and a novel non-radioactive enzyme assay, which utilizes capillary electrophoresis (EC) to monitor GTP hydrolysis. The CD spectrum exhibited the typical shape characteristic of the presence of helical elements of secondary structure and the DLS pattern was indicative of a monodisperse solution, which was readily crystallized in the presence of PEG6000. GTP hydrolysis was shown to be Mg2+ dependent within the low millimolar range but at 5 mM was inhibitory. In order to characterize the predicted domains of Bradeion Β, these defined regions were successfully expressed in E. cozi and purified. The CD spectrum of CF exhibited the shape typically found for non-regular structure. The results of fluorescence spectroscopy, gel filtration (SEC) and NMR-600MHz also corroborate with the CD results indicating an irregular structure. The fusion protein 6xHis-DGTPase exhibited a CD spectrum with the typical shape characteristic of the presence of helical elements but was show to be instable at high concentrations in the absence of imidazole. To characterize the GTPase activity of the fusion protein GST+DGTPase, the CE technique was used to monitor GTP hydrolysis. Analysis by CE showed that GST+DGTPase was functional, since both GTP and ATP hydrolysis was observed in a Mg2+ dependent manner. This work provides novel approaches, which should aid in the fbture study of the structure and fùnction of Bradeion Α e Β, others septins and related GTPases.
22

Estudos estruturais e bioquímicos das septinas humanas bradeiona alfa e beta: moléculas relacionadas com o desenvolvimento de câncer do cólon, reto e melanoma maligno / Human SETPT4: heterologoes expression, Purification and biophysical characterization

Wânius José Garcia da Silva 08 June 2005 (has links)
Septinas constituem uma família de proteínas de ligação a GTP que foram inicialmente identificadas em levedura Saccharomyces cerevisiae, mas também estão presentes em outros eucariotos com exceção de plantas. Septinas são purificadas de leveduras, Drosophila e cérebros de mamíferos na forma de filamentos, porém o mecanismo através do qual acorre a formação destes filamentos ainda não é muito bem compreendido. Septinas são constituídas de três regiões principais: um N-terminal variável, um domínio central GTPase altamente conservado e um domínio coiled-coil C-terminal. O gene SEPT4 foi identificado por M. Tanaka e colaboradores a partir do cDNA de cérebro humano e apresentou duas distintas transcrições: Bradeiona ? e ?. Interessantemente, além de cérebro e coração, as proteínas Bradeiona Α e Β. são detectadas somente em câncer do cólon, reto, próstata e melanoma maligno. Neste trabalho, o gene da proteína Bradeiona Β foi subclonado em um vetor de expressão bacteriano, produzido em E. coli e purificado com sucesso. O espectro de dicroísmo circular (CD) mostrou o perfil característico de proteínas com hélices a na estrutura secundária. Resultados de cromatografia de exclusão molecular (SEC) e espalhamento dinâmico de luz (DLS) indicam que a septina Bradeina foi produzida na forma de um estável oligômero com características monodispersivas, que foi subseqüentemente cristalizado em PEG6000. A atividade GTPase da Bradeiona Β foi comprovada através da técnica de eletroforese capilar (CE), mostrando-se absolutamente dependente de íons Mg2+. Inibição da atividade GTPase foi verificada em altas concentrações de Mg2+ (maiores que 5 mM). Com a finalidade de caracterizar os domínios preditos da Bradeiona Β (Fragmento Conservado e domínio GTPase), essas regiões foram previamente definidas, expressas em E. cozi e purificadas com sucesso. Resultados de CD, SEC, espectroscopia de fluorescência e NMR-600MHz indicam que o FC foi produzido na forma de um estável monômero com pouca estrutura secundária regular. Resultados de DLS e CD indicam que a fusão 6xHis-DGTPase foi produzida na forma de um oligômero com a presença de hélices a na estrutura secundária. A fusão 6xHis-DGTPase mostrou-se instável a altas concentrações na ausência de imidazol. A atividade GTPase da fusão GST+DGTPase foi comprovada, similarmente a Bradeiona , através da técnica de CE. Novamente, verificou-se dependência de íons Mg2+ (para a atividade catalítica) e inibição em altas concentrações de Mg2+. A fusão GST+DGTPase também foi capaz de hidrolisar ATP. Espera-se que as informações relatadas neste estudo proporcionem um alicerce para estudos estruturais/funcionais futuros das proteínas Bradeiona Α e Βoutras septinas. / Septins form a class of eukaryoyic guanine nucleotide-binding proteins that were first identified in budding yeast. Septins purified from yeast, Drosophila and mammalian brain form filaments, however the mechanism by which the filaments assemble is unclear. Septins have a highly conserved structure, which includes a central GTP-binding domain, a variable N-terminal region, and most septins also contain a coiled coil domain at the Cterminus. Bradeion p is one of the splice variants of the human septin gene, SEPT4, recently isolated by expression screening of an adult human brain cDNA library. The Bradeion gene resides at 17q23, and has been shown to present specific expression in both human colorectal cancer, urologic cancers and malignant melanoma. In order to characterize the GTPase activity of Bradeion Β , the protein was successfully expressed in E. coli and purified. The recombinant protein was characterized by circular dichroism (CD), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and a novel non-radioactive enzyme assay, which utilizes capillary electrophoresis (EC) to monitor GTP hydrolysis. The CD spectrum exhibited the typical shape characteristic of the presence of helical elements of secondary structure and the DLS pattern was indicative of a monodisperse solution, which was readily crystallized in the presence of PEG6000. GTP hydrolysis was shown to be Mg2+ dependent within the low millimolar range but at 5 mM was inhibitory. In order to characterize the predicted domains of Bradeion Β, these defined regions were successfully expressed in E. cozi and purified. The CD spectrum of CF exhibited the shape typically found for non-regular structure. The results of fluorescence spectroscopy, gel filtration (SEC) and NMR-600MHz also corroborate with the CD results indicating an irregular structure. The fusion protein 6xHis-DGTPase exhibited a CD spectrum with the typical shape characteristic of the presence of helical elements but was show to be instable at high concentrations in the absence of imidazole. To characterize the GTPase activity of the fusion protein GST+DGTPase, the CE technique was used to monitor GTP hydrolysis. Analysis by CE showed that GST+DGTPase was functional, since both GTP and ATP hydrolysis was observed in a Mg2+ dependent manner. This work provides novel approaches, which should aid in the fbture study of the structure and fùnction of Bradeion Α e Β, others septins and related GTPases.
23

Estudos estruturais da septina humana SEPT11 / STRUCTURAL STUDIES OF THE HUMAN SEPTIN SEPT11

Hoff, Caroline 29 August 2008 (has links)
Septinas são proteínas de ligação ao nucleotídeo de guanina (GTP). Foram inicialmente identificadas em fungos e atuam na fase final da divisão celular. Posteriormente, também verificaram que esta família de proteínas está presente em outros eucariotos com exceção de plantas. Septinas são purificadas de fungos Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Drosophila e cérebro de mamíferos na forma de heterofilamentos e são constituídas de três regiões principais: um N-terminal variável, um domínio central GTPase altamente conservado e um domínio coiled-coil C-terminal. Sabe-se que existem pelo menos catorze genes que codificam septinas em humanos, no entanto, há poucas informações estruturais sobre elas. Destas catorze septinas, somente três (septinas 2, 6 e 7) tiveram parte de suas estruturas cristalográficas determinada, principalmente os domínios GTPase. A família das septinas pode ser dividida em quatro subgrupos baseado em similaridade seqüencial. Um deles (grupo II) é formado por SEPT6, SEPT8, SEPT10, SEPT11 e a recém-descoberta SEPT14. A proteína SEPT11 foi descrita pela primeira vez em 2004 e detectada em vários tecidos humanos. Faz parte de complexos com outras septinas na formação de heterofilamentos e pode estar envolvida no transporte tubular e filtração glomerular nos rins. Para apresentar os estudos com a proteína SEPT11 nós a dividimos em domínios estruturais: SEPT11NG (domínios N-terminal e GTPase), SEPT11G (domínio GTPase), SEPT11GC (domínios GTPase e C-terminal) e SEPT11NGC (domínios N-terminal, GTPase e C-terminal). Os genes dos domínios estruturais SEPT11G e SEPT11GC foram clonados em vetor de expressão bacteriano, e SEPT11NG em vetor de propagação bacteriano. Tanto SEPT11G quanto SEPT11GC foram produzidos em E. coli e purificados com sucesso. O espectro de dicroísmo celular (CD) e o emprego de técnicas computacionais mostraram que a SEPT11 apresenta um perfil característico de proteínas do tipo &#945/&#946 coerente com a estrutura observada para SEPT6. Os estudos de espalhamento de luz a 350 nm mostraram que a proteína sofre um forte processo de agregação em temperaturas maiores que 30&#176C, parecido com outras septinas (incluindo SEPT4 e SEPT2) e condizentes com estudos de estabilidade térmica acompanhados por CD. Resultados de cromatografia de exclusão molecular indicam que SEPT11G foi produzida na forma de um homodímero (como também visto para SEPT4, SEPT2 e SEPT7) e SEPT11GC na forma de um monômero. Todos estes dados sugerem que as proteínas heterólogas descritas aqui enovelaram corretamente e assumiram sua estrutura nativa. Porém também foi demonstrado que a SEPT11G não apresentava nenhum nucleotídeo ligado (GDP ou GTP) mesmo quando purificada na presença dos mesmos. Resultados de modelagem da SEPT11G baseado no domínio GTPase da SEPT6 não revelaram nenhuma diferença significativa em torno do sítio ativo capaz de explicar a incapacidade da SEPT11 em ligar GTP/GDP. Especulamos que no caso da SEPT11 (e possivelmente outras septinas do grupo II), a presença de outras septinas e a montagem do heterofilamento sejam necessárias para estabilizar a interação entre GTP e a proteína. / Septins are GTP-binding proteins. They were originally identified in fungi and act during the final stages of cell division. Subsequently, they were also identified in other eukaryotic with the exception of plants. Septins are purified from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Drosophila, and mammalian brain in the form of heterofilaments and consist of three principal regions: a variable N-terminal domain, a central highly conserved GTP-binding domain and a coiled-coil domain at the C-terminus. It is known that there are at least 14 human septin genes but as yet, there is still relatively little structural information concerning their protein products. Of these, only three (septins 2, 6 and 7) have had part of their three-dimensional structure (principally the GTPase domain) determined by X-ray crystallography. The septin family can be divided into four subgroups on the basis of sequence similarity. One of them (group II) is composed of SEPT6, SEPT8, SEPT10, SEPT11 and SEPT14. SEPT11 was described for the first time in 2004 and was observed to be expressed in several human tissues. It is described as forming part of heterofilamentous complexes with other septins and may be involved in the glomerular filtration in the kidney. In order to characterize the SEPT11 protein, it was initially divided into its component structural domains and several constructs elaborated: SEPT11NG (N-terminal and GTPase domain), SEPT11G (GTPase domain), SEPT11GC (GTPase domain and C-terminal) and SEPT11NGC (N-terminal, GTPase and C-terminal domains). The genes corresponding to SEPT11G and SEPT11GC were cloned in an expression vector and SEPT11NG into a bacterial propagation vector. Both SEPT11G and SEPT11GC were successfully produced in E. coli and subsequently purified. Both circular dichroism spectra and computational techniques indicated that SEPT11 exhibited that both proteins were of the &#945/&#946 type, as anticipated, coherent with the structure of SEPT6. Light scattering measurements at 350 nm showed that the protein undergoes a process of aggregation at temperatures above 30&#176C, similar to other septins (SEPT2 and SEPT4) and consistent with thermal stability studies using circular dichroism. Results of size exclusion chromatography indicated that SEPT11G formed dimers (similar to SEPT2, SEPT4 and SEPT7) and SEPT11GC apparently formed monomers only. All of these experimental data suggest that the heterologously expressed proteins described here folded into their native conformation. On the other hand, we also demonstrated that SEPT11G was nucleotide free even when purified in the presence of excess GTP or GDP. Homology modeling of the GTPase domain of SEPT11 failed to reveal any significant differences with respect to SEPT6 which would explain this lack of binding activity. We speculate that in the case of SEPT11 (and possibly other members of the group II septins) the presence of partner septins and the formation of the heterofilaments are essential for stable nucleotide binding.
24

Characterization of four septin genes, and detection of genetic interactions between WdCDC10 and chitin synthase genes during yeast budding in the polymorphic mold, Wangiella (Exophiala) dermatitidis

Park, Changwon 28 April 2015 (has links)
Septins are a highly conserved family of eukaryotic proteins having significant homology within and among species. In the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a septin-based hierarchy of proteins is required to localize chitin in the bud neck prior to septum formation. However, this process has not been clarified in a filamentous, conidiogenous fungus capable of yeast growth, such as Wangiella dermatitidis, a polymorphic agent of human phaeohyphomycosis. Prior studies of this melanized mold showed that some chitin synthase mutants (wdchsΔ) have defects in yeast septum formation, suggesting that the septins of W. dermatitidis might functionally associate with some of its chitin synthases (WdChsp). To test this hypothesis, four vegetative septin homologs of S. cerevisiae were cloned from W. dermatitidis and designated WdCDC3, WdCDC10, WdCDC11, and WdCDC12. Of the four, only WdCDC3 functionally complemented completely a strain of S. cerevisiae with a ts mutation in the corresponding gene, although WdCDC12 did so partially. Functional characterizations by mutagenesis of the four W. dermatitidis septin genes revealed that resulting mutants (wdcdc[delta]) each had unique defects in yeast growth and morphology, indicating that each septin carried out a distinct function. Furthermore, when a wdcdc10[delta] mutation was introduced into five different wdchs[delta] strains, weak genetic interactions were detected between WdCDC10 and WdCHS3 and WdCHS4, and a strong interaction between and WdCHS5. Cytological studies showed that WdChs5p was mislocalized in some septin mutants, including wdcdc10[delta]. These results confirmed that in W. dermatitidis septins are important for proper cellular morphogenesis, cytokinesis, and especially septum formation through associations with some chitin synthases. / text
25

Investigation of the role of Fritz and its associated factors, septin and CCT in ciliogenesis of Xenopus laevis epidermis

Kim, Su Kyoung 25 August 2015 (has links)
Cilia are evolutionarily conserved microtubule-based organelles projecting from nearly all vertebrate cells, and ciliary defects result in a variety of human disorders known as ciliopathies. Recent studies have shown that several planar cell polarity (PCP) proteins are essential for cilia functions. Here, we focused on Fritz, known as a novel PCP effector protein in Drosophila, in multi-ciliated cells in the epidermis of Xenopus laevis embryos. To investigate the role of Fritz, using confocal and scanning electron microscopy, we discovered that Fritz localizes along the ciliary axonemes and that knockdown of Fritz causes severe reductions in both axoneme length and number. Then, using pull-downs and mass-spectrometry, we identified Chaperonin Containing T-complex polypeptide 1 (CCT) and septin as interacting partners of Fritz. CCT is the key chaperonin interacting with septins, and both have been implicated in ciliogenesis. Using tagged CCT subunit constructs, we found that the tagged CCTα and CCTε co-localize with Fritz along the ciliary axonemes of multi-ciliated cells. Knockdown of Fritz resulted in the accumulation of CCT at the apical cytoplasm of multi-ciliated cells; however, it was confirmed that Fritz does not affect the CCT holoenzyme assembly. Septins, another interacting partner of Fritz, are novel cytoskeletal elements. Using septin antibodies, we found that endogenous septins also localize along the ciliary axonemes and accumulate in the apical cytoplasm of multi-ciliated cells in Fritz morphants. Similar ciliary defects were observed in septin morphants. Our results reveal that Fritz is essential for ciliogenesis, and that CCT and septin interact with Fritz to control ciliogenesis in Xenopus multi-ciliated cells. Additionally, tubulin acetylation is markedly reduced by Fritz knockdown, suggesting that Fritz affects tubulin acetylation.
26

Estudos estruturais da septina humana SEPT11 / STRUCTURAL STUDIES OF THE HUMAN SEPTIN SEPT11

Caroline Hoff 29 August 2008 (has links)
Septinas são proteínas de ligação ao nucleotídeo de guanina (GTP). Foram inicialmente identificadas em fungos e atuam na fase final da divisão celular. Posteriormente, também verificaram que esta família de proteínas está presente em outros eucariotos com exceção de plantas. Septinas são purificadas de fungos Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Drosophila e cérebro de mamíferos na forma de heterofilamentos e são constituídas de três regiões principais: um N-terminal variável, um domínio central GTPase altamente conservado e um domínio coiled-coil C-terminal. Sabe-se que existem pelo menos catorze genes que codificam septinas em humanos, no entanto, há poucas informações estruturais sobre elas. Destas catorze septinas, somente três (septinas 2, 6 e 7) tiveram parte de suas estruturas cristalográficas determinada, principalmente os domínios GTPase. A família das septinas pode ser dividida em quatro subgrupos baseado em similaridade seqüencial. Um deles (grupo II) é formado por SEPT6, SEPT8, SEPT10, SEPT11 e a recém-descoberta SEPT14. A proteína SEPT11 foi descrita pela primeira vez em 2004 e detectada em vários tecidos humanos. Faz parte de complexos com outras septinas na formação de heterofilamentos e pode estar envolvida no transporte tubular e filtração glomerular nos rins. Para apresentar os estudos com a proteína SEPT11 nós a dividimos em domínios estruturais: SEPT11NG (domínios N-terminal e GTPase), SEPT11G (domínio GTPase), SEPT11GC (domínios GTPase e C-terminal) e SEPT11NGC (domínios N-terminal, GTPase e C-terminal). Os genes dos domínios estruturais SEPT11G e SEPT11GC foram clonados em vetor de expressão bacteriano, e SEPT11NG em vetor de propagação bacteriano. Tanto SEPT11G quanto SEPT11GC foram produzidos em E. coli e purificados com sucesso. O espectro de dicroísmo celular (CD) e o emprego de técnicas computacionais mostraram que a SEPT11 apresenta um perfil característico de proteínas do tipo &#945/&#946 coerente com a estrutura observada para SEPT6. Os estudos de espalhamento de luz a 350 nm mostraram que a proteína sofre um forte processo de agregação em temperaturas maiores que 30&#176C, parecido com outras septinas (incluindo SEPT4 e SEPT2) e condizentes com estudos de estabilidade térmica acompanhados por CD. Resultados de cromatografia de exclusão molecular indicam que SEPT11G foi produzida na forma de um homodímero (como também visto para SEPT4, SEPT2 e SEPT7) e SEPT11GC na forma de um monômero. Todos estes dados sugerem que as proteínas heterólogas descritas aqui enovelaram corretamente e assumiram sua estrutura nativa. Porém também foi demonstrado que a SEPT11G não apresentava nenhum nucleotídeo ligado (GDP ou GTP) mesmo quando purificada na presença dos mesmos. Resultados de modelagem da SEPT11G baseado no domínio GTPase da SEPT6 não revelaram nenhuma diferença significativa em torno do sítio ativo capaz de explicar a incapacidade da SEPT11 em ligar GTP/GDP. Especulamos que no caso da SEPT11 (e possivelmente outras septinas do grupo II), a presença de outras septinas e a montagem do heterofilamento sejam necessárias para estabilizar a interação entre GTP e a proteína. / Septins are GTP-binding proteins. They were originally identified in fungi and act during the final stages of cell division. Subsequently, they were also identified in other eukaryotic with the exception of plants. Septins are purified from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Drosophila, and mammalian brain in the form of heterofilaments and consist of three principal regions: a variable N-terminal domain, a central highly conserved GTP-binding domain and a coiled-coil domain at the C-terminus. It is known that there are at least 14 human septin genes but as yet, there is still relatively little structural information concerning their protein products. Of these, only three (septins 2, 6 and 7) have had part of their three-dimensional structure (principally the GTPase domain) determined by X-ray crystallography. The septin family can be divided into four subgroups on the basis of sequence similarity. One of them (group II) is composed of SEPT6, SEPT8, SEPT10, SEPT11 and SEPT14. SEPT11 was described for the first time in 2004 and was observed to be expressed in several human tissues. It is described as forming part of heterofilamentous complexes with other septins and may be involved in the glomerular filtration in the kidney. In order to characterize the SEPT11 protein, it was initially divided into its component structural domains and several constructs elaborated: SEPT11NG (N-terminal and GTPase domain), SEPT11G (GTPase domain), SEPT11GC (GTPase domain and C-terminal) and SEPT11NGC (N-terminal, GTPase and C-terminal domains). The genes corresponding to SEPT11G and SEPT11GC were cloned in an expression vector and SEPT11NG into a bacterial propagation vector. Both SEPT11G and SEPT11GC were successfully produced in E. coli and subsequently purified. Both circular dichroism spectra and computational techniques indicated that SEPT11 exhibited that both proteins were of the &#945/&#946 type, as anticipated, coherent with the structure of SEPT6. Light scattering measurements at 350 nm showed that the protein undergoes a process of aggregation at temperatures above 30&#176C, similar to other septins (SEPT2 and SEPT4) and consistent with thermal stability studies using circular dichroism. Results of size exclusion chromatography indicated that SEPT11G formed dimers (similar to SEPT2, SEPT4 and SEPT7) and SEPT11GC apparently formed monomers only. All of these experimental data suggest that the heterologously expressed proteins described here folded into their native conformation. On the other hand, we also demonstrated that SEPT11G was nucleotide free even when purified in the presence of excess GTP or GDP. Homology modeling of the GTPase domain of SEPT11 failed to reveal any significant differences with respect to SEPT6 which would explain this lack of binding activity. We speculate that in the case of SEPT11 (and possibly other members of the group II septins) the presence of partner septins and the formation of the heterofilaments are essential for stable nucleotide binding.
27

Studies on the formation and elongation of the delimiting membrane in Bipolaris maydis / トウモロコシごま葉枯病菌における前胞子膜の形成および伸長に関する研究

Tsuji, Kenya 23 March 2022 (has links)
京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(農学) / 甲第23961号 / 農博第2510号 / 新制||農||1092(附属図書館) / 学位論文||R4||N5396(農学部図書室) / 京都大学大学院農学研究科地域環境科学専攻 / (主査)教授 田中 千尋, 教授 本田 与一, 教授 日本 典秀 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DGAM
28

Septin regulation by the Protein Kinase C in the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Régulation des septines par la Protéine Kinase C dans la levure bourgeonnante

Courtellemont, Thibault 25 June 2014 (has links)
La cytokinèse est un processus fondamental prenant place à la fin de la mitose et permettant la séparation des deux cellules filles. Un défaut de cytokinèse peut mener à une ségrégation anormale des chromosomes et engendrer des phénomènes de cancer. Dans beaucoup d'organismes eucaryotes, la cytokinèse nécessite l'assemblage et la contraction d'un anneau d'actomyosine permettant la formation d'un sillon et la réorganisation de la membrane cellulaire au site de clivage. Dans la plupart de ces organismes, des protéines du cytosquelette appelées septines participent à la cytokinèse. Chez la levure bourgeonnante, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, cinq septines sont exprimées durant la mitose (Cdc3, Cdc10, Cdc11, Cdc12 et Shs1). Ces protéines ont la capacité de s'assembler en un anneau au niveau du site de bourgeonnement, lieu de séparation entre la cellule mère et la cellule fille. Cet anneau de septines permet la fixation et le recrutement de nombreuses protéines intervenant dans la cytokinèse. La dynamique des septines change durant le cycle cellulaire, ce qui a une importance dans la régulation de la cytokinèse. La stabilisation de cet anneau est accompagnée d'un changement du niveau de phosphorylation des septines, mais les kinases responsables de ces modifications restent inconnues. Les travaux de l'équipe de Simonetta Piatti ont mis en évidence un nouveau rôle de la GTPase Rho1 et de sa cible, la protéine kinase C (Pkc1), dans la régulation de la dynamique des septines. Le but de ce travail de thèse était de déterminer les voies moléculaires par lesquelles la protéine Pkc1 intervient dans le recrutement et la stabilisation de l'anneau de septines. Pour se faire nous avons purifié le complexe de septines chez la levure bourgeonnante en présence ou en absence de la protéine Pkc1 et nous l'avons analysé par spectrométrie de masse. Cette analyse nous a permis d'observer que le niveau de phosphorylation d'un cluster (îlot) de 5 sérines était diminué sur Shs1. L'alignement de séquence nous a permis de constater que ce domaine était conservé dans la septine Cdc11. Par ailleurs ces deux protéines sont connues pour jouer un rôle dans l'assemblage des filaments et la formation de l'anneau de septines. Il a déjà été observé qu'un mutant phosphomimétique du cluster de sérine de la septine Shs1 empêche la formation des filaments in-vitro. Nous avons voulu caractériser le rôle de ce cluster dans la protéine Cdc11 en créant un mutant non-phosphorylable (CDC11-9A) et un mutant phosphomimétique (CDC11-9D). De manière très évidente, le mutant phosphomimétique provoque des problèmes de cytokinèse dans les cellules dont le gène codant la protéine Shs1 a été supprimé. A l'inverse le mutant non-phosphorylable améliore le phénotype des cellules ne comportant pas Shs1. Ces résultats sont en parfait accord avec l'observation selon laquelle les protéines Shs1 et Cdc11 pourraient avoir des fonctions très similaires, et mettent en avant le rôle important du cluster de sérines phosphorylées de Cdc11 lors de la cytokinèse. Nous avons constaté que Pkc1 ne phosphoryle pas directement les septines, mais agit par l'intermédiaire de kinases et de phosphatases impliquées dans la régulation des septines. Nous avons pu montrer que Pkc1 régule l'interaction de Gin4 avec les septines, cette kinase étant connue pour sa capacité à phosphoryler Shs1. De plus, nous avons observé que Pkc1 impacte sur le niveau de phosphorylation des deux autres kinases de la même famille, Hsl1 et Kcc4. Par ailleurs, la délétion de PKC1 diminue drastiquement la quantité de protéines Kcc4 dans la cellule.L'absence de Pkc1 augmente également l'interaction entre les septines et Bni4, une sous-unité régulatrice de la phosphatase PP1. Nous avons également observé que Bni4-PP1 peut déphosphoryler Cdc11, expliquant la diminution de son niveau de phosphorylation en cas d'absence de la protéine Pkc1.Ces travaux mettent en évidence que Pkc1 est un nouveau régulateur majeur des septines dans la levure. / Cytokinesis is the last step of mitosis and is the fundamental process leading to the physical separation of two daughter cells. Defects in cytokinesis generate polyploid cells that are prone to chromosome missegregation and cancer development. In animal cells and fungi, cytokinesis requires the formation and contraction of an actomyosin ring that drives ingression of the cleavage furrow. Additional cytoskeletal proteins called septins contribute to cytokinesis. In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, five different septins are expressed during the mitotic cell cycle (Cdc3, Cdc10, Cdc11, Cdc12 and Shs1). All septins, except for Shs1, are essential for cell viability. Yeast septins form filaments that in turn organize into a ring at the bud neck, which is the constriction between the mother and the future daughter cell where cytokinesis takes place. The septin ring then expands into a rigid septin collar that acts as scaffold for cytokinesis by recruiting most cytokinetic proteins to the bud neck. Cell cycle-regulated changes in septin ring dynamics are thought to be important for its cytokinetic functions and formation of the rigid septin collar is accompanied by septin phosphorylation. However, the kinases responsible for these modifications have not been fully characterized. Unpublished data from our laboratory indicate that the Rho1 GTPase, which is essential for actomyosin ring formation and contraction, and its target protein kinase C (Pkc1) contribute to deposition and stabilization of the septin ring. Here, we have addressed how Pkc1 regulates septin ring deposition and/or stability. To this end, septin complexes were purified from yeast and analyzed by mass spectrometry, comparing wild type and pkc1Δ mutant cells. This mass spectrometry analysis clearly showed that phosphorylation of a cluster of residues in Shs1 decreased in the absence of Pkc1. Interestingly, we found that this cluster is conserved in the septin Cdc11, which together with Shs1 is known to play an important role in the assembly of high-order structures like filaments and rings. Phosphomimetic mutations of the phosphorylatable cluster in Shs1 have been previously shown to disrupt filament formation in-vitro. We therefore proceeded to mutagenise the same cluster in Cdc11, generating a phosphomimetic (CDC11-9D) and in a non-phosphorylatable mutant (CDC11-9A). Strikingly, the phosphomimetic CDC11-9D caused cytokinesis defects in cells lacking Shs1, whereas the non-phosphorylatable CDC11-9A allele partially rescued the sickness of shs1∆ mutant cells. These observations are in agreement with the notion that Cdc11 and Shs1 share overlapping functions and highlight an important role of the phosphorylatable cluster of Cdc11 for cytokinesis. We also found that Pkc1 does not phosphorylate septins directly, but rather regulates the activity of septin kinases and phosphatases. Consistently, we show that Pkc1 affects the interaction between septins and the bud neck kinase Gin4, which is known to interact with septins and to phosphorylate them. In addition, Pkc1 impacts on the phosphorylation of two additional bud neck kinases, Hsl1 and Kcc4, which are part of the same family of Nim1-related kinases as Gin4. In addition, PKC1 deletion leads to a dramatic decrease in the levels of Kcc4 , so that it is barely detected at the bud neck.Deletion of PKC1 affects also the interaction between septins and the Bni4 protein, which is a regulatory subunit for the PP1 phosphatase at the bud neck. In turn, we found that Bni4-PP1 modulates Cdc11 phosphorylation, thereby explaining how the latter is decreased in the absence of Pkc1. Altogether, our data strongly suggest that Pkc1 is a novel major regulator of septins in yeast.
29

Estudos das interações da septina 4 humana / Study of Human Septin 4 interactions

Silva, Nayara Cavalcante 09 September 2009 (has links)
Septinas são proteínas ligantes a GTP encontradas desde fungos até metazoários. A primeira função identificada para septinas foi o seu papel central na organização e dinâmica do septo de divisão de leveduras. Uma das características marcantes é que septinas se organizam em heterofilamentos de 7 a 9 nm de espessura que foram purificados de diversos organismos tais como Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Drosophila e cérebro de camundongos. Hoje se sabe que septinas não estão envolvidas apenas nos processos de divisão celular, mas em uma variedade de processos como tráfico de vesículas, exocitose, interação com proteínas do citoesqueleto e com a membrana plasmática, o que resulta em alterações da morfologia celular. Neste trabalho foram desenvolvidos estudos da septina 4 humana (SEPT4) nos quais foi realizado a expressão e purificação da SEPT4 pelo uso do sistema de expressão heteróloga em E. coli e em células de insetos (Sf-9) via baculovírus. A tentativa de expressão usando o vetor pETTEV em E.coli não obteve sucesso, pois a proteína não foi expressa na forma solúvel. A construção do baculovírus recombinante AcSept4 e expressão da SEPT4 nas células de insetos foi realizada com êxito, mas o processo de purificação não foi satisfatório. Com o intuito de obter informações sobre possíveis proteínas que interagem com a SEPT4 e conseqüentemente sobre as funções desempenhadas por ela na célula, a SEPT4 foi utilizada como isca para ensaios de interação proteína-proteína pela técnica de duplo híbrido. Para isso, o gene da SEPT4 foi clonado fusionado ao domínio de ligação ao DNA Lex-A. A realização do ensaio de duplo híbrido com a proteína completa não foi possível, pois a mesma provocou a auto ativação do sistema, por isso uma nova construção foi realizada com a região GTPase e C-terminal SEPT4GC (124-478) como isca. Dentre as interações identificadas, foram encontradas apenas septinas do grupo II (SEPT6, SEPT8, SEPT10 e SEPT11) e quatro novas interações, que ainda precisam ser confirmadas. Por outro lado, uma interação já descrita na literatura envolve a proteína &#945-sinucleína, que é uma proteína abundantemente expressa no cérebro e associada à doença de Parkinson. O foco do estudo dessa interação foi realizar ensaios com os diferentes domínios da SEPT4 para comprovar uma interação direta e com isso tentar mapear o sítio de interação com a &#945-sinucleína. Os resultados obtidos pela ressonância plasmônica de superfície (SPR) indicam que o domínio C-terminal participa da interação com baixa afinidade (K,D=390 &#181M) e sugerem que o domínio GTPase também pode estar envolvido. Já os dados obtidos com os experimentos de RMN e anisotropia de fluorescência mostram indícios que a interação é dependente da conformação da &#945-sinucleína por que a interação aconteceria com maior afinidade quando a &#945-sinucleína está na presença de SDS. / Septins are a family of GTP binding proteins found in a great diversity of organisms. These proteins have been identified as having a central role in septum organization during yeast division. Septins are organized into heterofilaments which are 7 to 9 nm wide and these have been purified from yeast, Drosophila and mice brain. Septins are not only required for cell division, but seem to play a role also in vesicle trafficking and in the formation of diffusion barriers within cells, since they interact with cytoskeleton proteins and the plasma membrane causing changes in cell morphology. In the present work, the aim was investigate human Septin 4 (SEPT4), a septin highly expressed in the brain. One objective of this work was to find a suitable expression system and purification method for SEPT4. The protein was expressed in both E.coli and insect cells (Sf-9). Expression in E. coli with the vector pETTEV was unsuccessful because the protein was insoluble. Expression in insect cells using the recombinant baculovirus AcSept4, was obtained successfully, but the purification was difficult. Important information concerning SEPT4 function might be acquired, if interactions partners involved in cellular process were identified. With this goal in mind, a yeast two hybrid assays were performed. The sept4 gene was fused to the Lex-A DNA binding domain and used as bait in the yeast two hybrid essays. However, full length SEPT4 showed autonomous activation of reporter genes. A second construct was prepared including only GTPase domain and the carboxy terminus domain, (residues 124 to 478) and the screen of interactions were carried out only with SEPT4GC. All of the group II septins (SEPT6, SEPT8, SEPT10 and SEPT11) were identified together with four new interactions. The latter still need be confirmed. In addition, another interaction already described in the literature is between SEPT4 and &#945-synuclein, which is a protein highly expressed in brain and related to Parkinson\'s disease. Different spectroscopic methods and SPR were used to identify which domain of SEPT4 interacts directly with &#945-synuclein and in which region. The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) results indicate that the carboxy terminus participates in the interaction with low affinity (KD = 390 &#181M) and suggests that the GTPase domain may also be involved. The results obtained by fluorescence anisotropy and NMR studies provide evidence that the interaction is dependent on the &#945-synuclein conformation, because the affinity of SEPT4 and &#945-synuclein seemed to be higher in the presence of SDS.
30

Estudos das interações da septina 4 humana / Study of Human Septin 4 interactions

Nayara Cavalcante Silva 09 September 2009 (has links)
Septinas são proteínas ligantes a GTP encontradas desde fungos até metazoários. A primeira função identificada para septinas foi o seu papel central na organização e dinâmica do septo de divisão de leveduras. Uma das características marcantes é que septinas se organizam em heterofilamentos de 7 a 9 nm de espessura que foram purificados de diversos organismos tais como Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Drosophila e cérebro de camundongos. Hoje se sabe que septinas não estão envolvidas apenas nos processos de divisão celular, mas em uma variedade de processos como tráfico de vesículas, exocitose, interação com proteínas do citoesqueleto e com a membrana plasmática, o que resulta em alterações da morfologia celular. Neste trabalho foram desenvolvidos estudos da septina 4 humana (SEPT4) nos quais foi realizado a expressão e purificação da SEPT4 pelo uso do sistema de expressão heteróloga em E. coli e em células de insetos (Sf-9) via baculovírus. A tentativa de expressão usando o vetor pETTEV em E.coli não obteve sucesso, pois a proteína não foi expressa na forma solúvel. A construção do baculovírus recombinante AcSept4 e expressão da SEPT4 nas células de insetos foi realizada com êxito, mas o processo de purificação não foi satisfatório. Com o intuito de obter informações sobre possíveis proteínas que interagem com a SEPT4 e conseqüentemente sobre as funções desempenhadas por ela na célula, a SEPT4 foi utilizada como isca para ensaios de interação proteína-proteína pela técnica de duplo híbrido. Para isso, o gene da SEPT4 foi clonado fusionado ao domínio de ligação ao DNA Lex-A. A realização do ensaio de duplo híbrido com a proteína completa não foi possível, pois a mesma provocou a auto ativação do sistema, por isso uma nova construção foi realizada com a região GTPase e C-terminal SEPT4GC (124-478) como isca. Dentre as interações identificadas, foram encontradas apenas septinas do grupo II (SEPT6, SEPT8, SEPT10 e SEPT11) e quatro novas interações, que ainda precisam ser confirmadas. Por outro lado, uma interação já descrita na literatura envolve a proteína &#945-sinucleína, que é uma proteína abundantemente expressa no cérebro e associada à doença de Parkinson. O foco do estudo dessa interação foi realizar ensaios com os diferentes domínios da SEPT4 para comprovar uma interação direta e com isso tentar mapear o sítio de interação com a &#945-sinucleína. Os resultados obtidos pela ressonância plasmônica de superfície (SPR) indicam que o domínio C-terminal participa da interação com baixa afinidade (K,D=390 &#181M) e sugerem que o domínio GTPase também pode estar envolvido. Já os dados obtidos com os experimentos de RMN e anisotropia de fluorescência mostram indícios que a interação é dependente da conformação da &#945-sinucleína por que a interação aconteceria com maior afinidade quando a &#945-sinucleína está na presença de SDS. / Septins are a family of GTP binding proteins found in a great diversity of organisms. These proteins have been identified as having a central role in septum organization during yeast division. Septins are organized into heterofilaments which are 7 to 9 nm wide and these have been purified from yeast, Drosophila and mice brain. Septins are not only required for cell division, but seem to play a role also in vesicle trafficking and in the formation of diffusion barriers within cells, since they interact with cytoskeleton proteins and the plasma membrane causing changes in cell morphology. In the present work, the aim was investigate human Septin 4 (SEPT4), a septin highly expressed in the brain. One objective of this work was to find a suitable expression system and purification method for SEPT4. The protein was expressed in both E.coli and insect cells (Sf-9). Expression in E. coli with the vector pETTEV was unsuccessful because the protein was insoluble. Expression in insect cells using the recombinant baculovirus AcSept4, was obtained successfully, but the purification was difficult. Important information concerning SEPT4 function might be acquired, if interactions partners involved in cellular process were identified. With this goal in mind, a yeast two hybrid assays were performed. The sept4 gene was fused to the Lex-A DNA binding domain and used as bait in the yeast two hybrid essays. However, full length SEPT4 showed autonomous activation of reporter genes. A second construct was prepared including only GTPase domain and the carboxy terminus domain, (residues 124 to 478) and the screen of interactions were carried out only with SEPT4GC. All of the group II septins (SEPT6, SEPT8, SEPT10 and SEPT11) were identified together with four new interactions. The latter still need be confirmed. In addition, another interaction already described in the literature is between SEPT4 and &#945-synuclein, which is a protein highly expressed in brain and related to Parkinson\'s disease. Different spectroscopic methods and SPR were used to identify which domain of SEPT4 interacts directly with &#945-synuclein and in which region. The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) results indicate that the carboxy terminus participates in the interaction with low affinity (KD = 390 &#181M) and suggests that the GTPase domain may also be involved. The results obtained by fluorescence anisotropy and NMR studies provide evidence that the interaction is dependent on the &#945-synuclein conformation, because the affinity of SEPT4 and &#945-synuclein seemed to be higher in the presence of SDS.

Page generated in 0.0281 seconds