This research investigates mobile service design and engineering in the mobile telecommunications industry. The mobile telecommunication business is shifting from one that was voice-centric to one that is almost all data-centric; thanks to recent rapid advances in Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs). The underlying reasons behind this shift can be traced back to two main issues that are interlinked. The first and major reason is that telecoms (telecommunication companies) are trying to generate new revenue streams based on data and information transmissions, given the saturation of the voice market. This is rational given the market opportunities in one direction and the pressures being generated by the current economic downturn from the other direction. The second reason relates to the flexibility of data, compared to voice. Indeed, the number of services that can be developed on the basis of data are much greater than those that can be developed on the basis of voice. However, the design and engineering of successful and innovative mobile data services has proven to be a complex undertaking. The number of effective mobile data services is relatively small and the revenue generated from such offerings has generally been below expectations. This research develops an ontological framework to help in changing this situation, and making mobile services engineering more effective and successful, following the design-science research paradigm. Design-science research, in general, aims to solve unstructured but relevant organizational or social problems through the development of novel and useful artefacts. As the current research aims to help in solving the mobile data services engineering dilemma by developing a purposeful ontological framework, the design-science research paradigm is deemed fitting. Within this paradigm, the author develops a novel design approach specified for ontology engineering, termed “OntoEng”. This design approach is used in this research for developing the ontological framework. The developed ontological framework is founded on business model thinking. The idea is that creating innovative mobile data services requires developing innovative business models. Indeed, innovative business models can help translate technological potential into economic value and allow telecoms to achieve their strategic objectives. The ontological framework includes the development of an ontology, termed “V4 Mobile Service BM Ontology” as well as “Mobile Key Value Drivers” for designing and engineering innovative mobile data services. The V4 Mobile Service BM Ontology incorporates four design dimensions: (1) value proposition including targeting; (2) value architecture including technological and organizational infrastructure; (3) value network dealing with aspects relating to partnerships and co-operations; and finally (4) value finance relating to costs, pricing, and revenue structures. Within these four dimensions, sixteen design concepts are identified along with their constituent elements. Relationships and interdependencies amongst the identified design constructs are established and clear semantics are produced. The research then derives six key value drivers for mobile service engineering as follows: (a) Market Alignment; (b) Cohesion; (c) Dynamicity; (d) Uniqueness; (e) Fitting Network-Mode; and (f) Explicitness. The developed ontological framework in this research is evaluated to ensure that it can be successfully implemented and performs correctly in the real world. The research mainly utilizes case analysis methods to ensure the semantic correctness of the ontological framework. Indeed, the developed ontological framework is employed as an analytical lens to examine the design and engineering of three key real-life cases in the mobile telecommunications industry. These cases are: (1) Apple’s iPhone Services and Applications; (2) NTT DoCoMo’s i-mode Services; and (3) Orange Business Services. For further validation, the developed ontological framework is evaluated against a set of criteria synthesized from ontology engineering and evaluation literature. These criteria are: Clarity; Coherence; Conciseness; Preciseness; Completeness; and Customizability. The developed ontological framework is argued to make significant contributions for theory, practice, and methodology. For theory, this research provides (1) a novel ontological framework for designing and engineering mobile data services; (2) a unified framework of the business model concept; and (3) a new design approach for ontology engineering in information systems. For practice, the current research provides practitioners in the telecommunications industry with systematic and customizable means to design, implement, analyze, evaluate, and change new and existing mobile data services to make them more manageable, effective, and creative. For methodology, the use of the design- science research paradigm for ontology engineering signifies the focal methodological contribution in this research given its novelty. This research also contributes to the understanding of the design-science research paradigm in information systems as it is relatively new. It provides a working example in which the author illustrates how recognizing design-science research as a paradigm is essential and useful to the research in information systems discipline.

Innovation networks are not only about connections, but also dynamics, structures and influences. This research focuses on these three new aspects of innovation networks. The results of this research show that innovation networks have regularities in their dynamics, structures and influences. In the conclusion, these regularities are presented in the network snapshots and regression modelling. This research makes contributions in improving the understanding about how service innovation is created.

The point of departure for this thesis is how a traditional service sector shifts towards becoming more energy efficient and the processes that enable environmental action. Traditional services are generally considered to be poorly innovative and inclined towards routine activity; this leaves a gap in understanding how these adapt to the challenge of taking environmental action. The study argues that service firms adapt by deploying capabilities to multitask or to carry out innovative activity alongside routine activities related to service delivery. The research problem is addressed through three objectives: i) explicating how dynamic capabilities enable environmental action in traditional services with a focus on energy efficiency; ii) investigating the interface between the service firm and a type of intermediary, the knowledge intensive business service firm (KIBS), and how this acts as a locus for intermediation activity, or the exchange of knowledge about energy efficient technologies and measures; and iii) exploring how developments in the external context may influence the firm’s capabilities to adapt.The key contributions are two-fold. Firstly, the research links different combinations of capabilities with particular innovative behaviours in service firms; this underscores the presence of a differential multitasking potential across firms in the same sector. Secondly, it demonstrates a link between the service firm’s internal capabilities and the extent to which it mobilizes absorptive capacity to obtain knowledge about energy efficiency measures from its relation with KIBS.A qualitative study is designed with the hotel sector in Malta as the empirical setting. The fieldwork was undertaken through interviews with 26 hotel managers, 14 engineering consulting firms and 16 actors in the broader institutional environment. The data from the hotels were clustered to derive different adaptation modes characterized by particular capabilities and patterns of environmental action. Then, pairs of hotels and engineering consulting firms were identified in order to investigate the relational dynamics that may be influencing intermediation activity. The findings distinguish between hotels with a low multitasking potential that adopt a narrow range of energy efficient measures and those with a higher multitasking potential that modify activities and make deeper structural changes to shift towards improved energy efficiency. Accounting for the range of multitasking potential are different combinations of capabilities to sense signals in the external environment and interpret these in the firm and the capability for problem-solving for energy efficiency. The findings demonstrate a different pattern of KIBS use by hotels that is suggestive of a cluster differentiation. This is linked to different levels of absorptive capacity in hotels that determines whether intermediation activity and therefore the exchange of knowledge and learning about energy efficient measures is constrained or otherwise enhanced at the KIBS-client interface. The conclusion provides policy implications and areas for future research.

This thesis addresses existing shortcomings in the co-creation literature by proposing organisational capabilities that support co-creation in financial service firms. A developing country perspective is taken and the context is Nigeria, a West African Country. In this thesis, the Resource-based view and Knowledge-based view are integrated with the Dynamic Capability perspective to identify capabilities required to manage the dyadic interactions during co-creation. First, a conceptual model is developed through an in-depth literature review, before testing, refining and validating the model through a mixed-method research approach, involving both qualitative and quantitative research steps. The conceptual model identified a set of capabilities - namely the firm's innovation, knowledge management and relational capability and their effect on co-creation practice. The aim of the qualitative research step was to improve the conceptual model through exploratory research. This step involved in-depth interviews (n=9) with key informants and a focus group discussion with users (n=7). In the quantitative step, empirical data was collected via a questionnaire (n=261) using a drop-off-pick-up (DOPU) technique. The data is analysed using structural path analysis, hypotheses testing and model re-specification. The results of the qualitative phase indicate that co-creation in financial services is dependent on regulation, user need and the structure of financial services in Nigeria. The results also confirm the influence of innovation, knowledge management and relational capabilities on co-creation practice. Nevertheless, qualitative findings also show that knowledge management capability emerged as a vital capability upon which other value creation activities in financial service firms depend. These findings were further tested and validated in the quantitative phase. In line with the resource-based view (RBV) and the knowledge-based view (KBV), empirical findings confirm that the firm`s resource endowments explain, in part, value co-creation in firms. Principally, the findings of this study show that the capacity of financial service organisations to provide sustainable value creation for its clients and itself depend on the degree to which they possess specific dynamic capabilities. The findings also show the relative importance of co-creation practices and how they are effective only in certain conditions and specific environments.

Dans un environnement concurrentiel et des modes de vie et de consommation en évolution permanente, l’offre hôtelière et les services développés autour de l’hébergement et de la restauration tels qu’offerts aujourd’hui ne garantissent plus toujours ni l’attractivité ni la rentabilité nécessaire à la pérennité du modèle économique de ce secteur. La modélisation d’une "nouvelle" hôtellerie est nécessaire afin de répondre aux attentes de la clientèle tout en tenant compte des coûts et des contraintes d’exploitation, notamment le « service hôtelier » jouant un rôle déterminant dans les processus de production et de distribution du service ainsi que dans la qualité perçue par le client. Les déterminants de la performance opérationnelle hôtelière ont évolué au cours de différents cycles transformant le « moderne » en « traditionnel ».Cette thèse débute par l’exploration de ces évolutions dans les hôtels milieu de gamme en France au travers d’une étude de terrain menée dans douze hôtels ainsi qu’au siège du groupe AccorHotels en France. Cette étape, interrogeant sur l’avenir de l’hôtellerie milieu de gamme en France, a soulevé des questions de recherche interrogeant l’importance du personnel dans la production de produits et services hôteliers milieu de gamme dans notre société, et plus largement du capital humain (au sens microéconomique) dans l’hôtellerie. Nous avons ainsi décidé d’explorer les liens entre le personnel et la performance opérationnelle hôtelière. Celle-ci est composée des résultats économiques, de la qualité perçue par les clients ainsi que des paramètres liés au contexte des hôtels. A partir d’une étude approfondie portant sur l’ensemble des méthodologies et mesures du capital humain, nous avons choisi de le mesurer via l’engagement des collaborateurs au travail en nous appuyant sur un échantillon de 146 hôtels milieu de gamme (représentant 3740 collaborateurs) du groupe AccorHotels en France. Nous avons également mesuré, pour chacun de ces hôtels, un ensemble de données de contexte (taille, localisation, mix client, niveau de digitalisation, rénovations, …), le résultat d’exploitation (Earnings Before Interest Taxes), le chiffre d’affaires par chambre disponible (RevPar) et une mesure de la qualité perçue par les clients (Reputation Performance Score).Cette thèse montre les liens existants entre le résultat d’exploitation par chambre, la qualité perçue par les clients et l’engagement des collaborateurs au travail. Nous développerons leurs antécédents respectifs ainsi que la nature de leurs relations statistiques croisées.Cette thèse montre qu’en tant qu’antécédent significatif de la qualité perçue par les clients (lui-même antécédent du résultat d’exploitation), l’engagement des collaborateurs au travail est déterminant dans l’obtention d’une meilleure performance pour les hôtels milieu de gamme en France. Pour aller plus loin, l’identification d’une typologie d’hôtels basée sur ces liens permet d’obtenir simultanément une vision globale et segmentée de l’hôtellerie milieu de gamme en France et du rôle par type d’hôtels du personnel pour l’acquisition d’une performance élevée. / In a competitive environment and with constantly changing lifestyle and consumption habits, the hotel industry offer, and the services built around accommodation and catering as we know its today, do not guaranty the attractiveness, or the profitability, that is needed for this sector to remain sustainable. The modeling of a "new" hotel industry is necessary to meet customer expectations while taking into account the costs and operating constraints, particularly the "hotel industry service" playing a key role in the production and distribution processes of the service as well as in the quality perceived by the customer. The determinants of the hotel operational performance have evolved in different cycles turning the "modern" into "traditional".This thesis begins with the exploration of these developments in mid-ranged hotels in France through a field study conducted in twelve hotels and the headquarters of the AccorHotels group in France. This step, questioning the future of mid-ranged hotels in France, raised research questions wondering about the importance of the staff in the production of mid-ranged hotels products and services in our society, and more broadly, the importance of the human capital (in the microeconomic meaning) in the hotel industry.We decided to explore the links between staff and the hotel operational performance. This performance is composed of economic results, the quality perceived by the customers as well as parameters related to the context of the hotels. Based on an in-depth study of all the methodologies and measures of human capital, we chose to measure it through employee engagement at work, using a sample of 146 mid-range hotels (representing 3740 employees) of the AccorHotels group in France. We also measured, for each hotel, a set of context data (size, location, customer mix, level of digitization, renovations...), the operating result (Earnings Before Interest Taxes), the number of business per room available (RevPar) and a measure of the quality perceived by customers (Reputation Performance Score).This thesis shows the links between the operating result per room, the quality perceived by customers and the commitment of employees to work. We will develop their respective antecedents as well as the nature of their cross-statistical relationships.This thesis prooves that as a significant precedent of the quality perceived by the customers (itself an antecedent of the operating result), the commitment of the collaborators into their work is instrumental in order to obtain a better performance for the mid-ranged hotels in France. To go further, the identification of a typology of hotels based on these links makes us able to obtain simultaneously a global and a segmented view of the mid-range hotel business in France and the role by type of hotels of staff in order to reach a higher performance.

Technology and intellectual property markets have witnessed great developments in the last few decades. Due to intellectual property rights gaining more importance and technology companies opening up their innovation processes, a wide range of intellectual property rights related services have emerged in the last two decades. The goal of this research is to develop a comprehensive classification system of intellectual property rights related services (IPSC). The classification is created by applying an ontology engineering process. The IPSC consists of 72 various IPR services divided into six main categories (100 Legal Service; 200 IP Consulting; 300 Matchmaking and Trading; 400 IP Portfolio Processing; 500 IPR-related Financial Service; 600 IPR-related Communication Service). The implications of the thesis are directed to policy makers, technology transfer managers, C-level executives and innovation researchers. The IPSC enables practitioners and researchers to organize industry data that can be thereafter analyzed for better strategy and policy making. In addition, this contributes towards organizing a more transparent and single intellectual property market.:Acknowledgements I Abstract II Contents IV List of Figures VI List of Tables VII 1. Introduction 1 1.1. Introduction to Technology Markets 1 1.2. Explanation of Key Concepts 5 1.3. Research Questions and Goals 9 1.4. Readers Guide 13 2. Literature Review 15 2.1. Intellectual Property Markets State of the Art Review 15 2.2. Ontology Engineering State of the Art Review 22 3. Methodology 26 3.1. Methontology 26 3.2. Planning the IPSC 29 3.3. Specification 30 3.4. Conceptualization 31 3.5. Formalization 32 3.6. Integration 32 3.7. Evaluation 33 3.8. Documentation 33 3.9. Realization and Maintenance 33 4. Data description and collection framework 34 5. Applying Methontology 46 5.1. Knowledge Acquisition and Planning the IPSC 46 5.2. Specification 46 5.3. Conceptualization 47 5.4. Formalization 54 100 Legal Service 56 200 IP Consulting 60 300 Matchmaking and Trading 65 400 IP Portfolio Processing 72 500 IPR-related Financial Service 76 600 IPR-related Communication Service 81 5.5. Integration 86 5.6. Evaluation 95 5.7. Documentation 104 5.8. Realization and Maintenance of the IPSC 106 6. Interview Results and Further Discussions 108 6.1. Implications for Industry 108 6.2. Contributions of the IPSC 110 6.3. Limitations of the IPSC and Future Work 112 7. Conclusions 116 References 120 List of experts interviewed and the date of interview 129 Appendices 130

Services and innovation are the drivers of today’s economy, yet, there is a lack on academic literature on what matter the interactions between these two forces. On that sense, Barras, in 1986, established one of the most representative models regarding innovation within service firms. The “Reverse Product Cycle” (RPC) argue that service firms, trigged by IT advancements, would follow an opposite innovation evolution if compared to the classic manufactured view of novelty progress. Besides representing an important breakthrough on the services differentiation from the predominant industry view, it was replete of problematic that are now reinforced by the present high dynamic environment. On that present scenario, the role knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS) play is of crucial importance to innovation dissemination within a diversity of industries. It features are intrinsically related to tailored co-produced solutions to specific clients requirements that, by the case study of an ongoing KIBS shared solution development, seems to bring back the innovation pattern defended by the RPC model. The present study aims to analyze this hypothesis and revisit the RPC model through the optics of current KIBS innovation process.

Este trabalho busca responder a pergunta de pesquisa: como ocorre a gestão da inovação em uma empresa de Medicina Diagnóstica? Para isso teve como objetivo aprofundar a compreensão sobre a gestão da inovação nesta empresa, entendendo as etapas do processo de inovação (ideação, conversão e difusão), entendendo como a estratégia da inovação se insere no processo de gestão da inovação, e entendendo como que pessoas e organização se inserem na gestão da inovação. Esta pesquisa fez uso de uma abordagem de natureza teórico-prática de enfoque qualitativo e objetivos de caráter exploratório por meio deum estudo de caso único em um centro de medicina diagnóstica de grande porte, reconhecido por práticas de gestão e inovação. Foram utilizadas as técnicas de entrevistas semiestruturadas, observação direta na empresa, e análise de documentos. Para a etapa de entrevista foi elaborado um protocolo semiestruturado com questões orientadoras conforme pesquisa bibliográfica a respeito de gestão da inovação, o setor de saúde e medicina diagnóstica.Foram entrevistados 12 líderes da empresa envolvidos com a gestão da inovação. Todas as fontes de dados foram analisadas e trianguladas chegando à apresentação e discussão de resultados do caso. Como resultados, a pesquisa evidenciou a importância da inovação em medicina diagnóstica, podendo reduzir custos e aumentar a qualidade, além de gerar valor para o restante da cadeia. A estratégia da inovação é alinhada à estratégia corporativa em diversos elementos e possui um processo de definição de drivers que direcionam a companhia no processo de inovação. O processo de inovação é influenciado por atores encontrados na literatura como órgãos reguladores, médicos, pacientes, fornecedores, universidades e operadoras. Além destes, outros foram citados, como órgãos representativos e o Ministério da Ciência e Tecnologia. Dois processos estruturados de inovação foram evidenciados: de novos produtos e de novos processos. O processo de novos produtos é alinhado ao modelo destagegates, enquanto que o processo de novos processos é mais amplo seguindo o modelo hegemônico. A etapa de ideação ocorre com geração de ideias tanto por fontes internas como externas, sendo as principais fontes os médicos e técnicos assessores, e os colaboradores. Técnicas como brainstorming, observação do comportamento dos clientes, e pesquisas acadêmicas são utilizadas. Na etapa de conversão, a seleção e avaliação é feita de maneira colegiada ou individual, por meio de fóruns presenciais ou virtuais. Os critérios de seleção são o alinhamento estratégico, as análises financeiras, técnicas e comerciais. No desenvolvimento e implantação, destaca-se a aplicação de pilotos e testes antes da efetiva implantação da inovação, treinamentos e acompanhamentos da implantação. Por fim, a etapa de difusão ocorre externamente, por meio da equipe comercial junto às operadoras, e com a equipe de médicos e técnicos assessores, junto aos clientes médicos, além dos canais de divulgação como eventos e congressos. A divulgação com clientes finais se dá por meio dos sites, redes sociais, e revistas. Já internamente, a comunicação ocorre principalmente na forma de murais e portais virtuais de comunicação, na atualização de documentos técnicos, e por meio de eventos internos de divulgação do conhecimento, premiação e reconhecimento. Em pessoas e organização, a pesquisa evidenciou que a cultura influencia o processo de gestão da inovação, sendo formada historicamente sobre os pilares de geração de conhecimento e relacionamento acadêmico nas universidades. Objetiva-se gerenciar os recursos humanos capturando pessoas alinhadas ao valor da inovação desde a fase de contratação, passando por treinamentos, avaliação anual de desempenho, premiação e reconhecimento. Não somente os colaboradores internos recebem incentivos e reconhecimentos, como também há incentivos a fornecedores, médicos e universitários por meio de programas específicos. / This master thesis seeks to answer the research question: how works the management of innovation in a case of Diagnostic Medicine? The purpose of this study was to deepen the understanding of innovation management in a diagnostic medicine company, understanding the stages of the innovation process (ideation, conversion and diffusion), understanding how the innovation strategy is embedded in the process of innovation management, and understanding how people and organizations are involved in managing innovation. This research made use of a theoretical-practical approach of qualitative approach and exploratory objectives through a case study in a large diagnostic medicine center, recognized by management and innovation practices. The techniques of semi-structured interviews, direct observation in the company, and document analysis were used. For the interview stage, a semistructured protocol was developed with orienting questions according to bibliographic research regarding innovation management, the health sector and diagnostic medicine. We interviewed 12 company leaders involved in innovation management. All data sources were analyzed and triangulated, arriving at the presentation and discussion of the results of the case. The research highlighted the importance of innovation in diagnostic medicine, which can reduce costs and increase quality, and generate value for the rest of the chain. The innovation strategy is aligned with the corporate strategy in several elements and has a process of definition of drivers that guide the company in the process of innovation. The innovation process is influenced by several stakeholders found in the literature. Besides these others were cited as representative bodies, and the ministry of science and technology. Two structured innovation processes were evidenced: process of new products and new processes. The process of new products is aligned with the stage gates model, while the process of new processes is broader following the hegemonic model. The stage of ideation occurs with the generation of ideas by both internal and external sources, the main sources being the doctors and technical advisors, and collaborators. Techniques such as brainstorming, customer behavior observation, and academic research are used. In the conversion stage, the selection and evaluation can be done collegially or individually, through forums that can be even virtual. The selection criteria are strategic alignment, financial, technical and commercial analysis. In the development and implementation, we highlight the application of pilots and tests before the effective implementation of the innovation, the training and follow-up of the implementation. Finally, the diffusion stage occurs externally, through the commercial team with the operators, and with the team of medical and technical advisors, with the medical clients, in addition to the channels of dissemination such as events, congresses. Publicity with end customers is through websites, social networks, and magazines. Already internally the communication occurs mainly in the form of virtual murals and portals of communication, in the updating of technical documents, and through internal events of dissemination of knowledge, awards and recognition. In people and organization, the research evidenced that culture influences the process of innovation management, being historically formed on the pillars of knowledge generation and academic relationship in universities. It aims to manage human resources by capturing people aligned with the value of innovation from the hiring stage, through training, annual performance evaluation, awards and recognition. Not only do internal collaborators receive incentives and recognition, but there are also incentives to suppliers, doctors and university students through specific programs.

Este trabalho busca responder a pergunta de pesquisa: como ocorre a gestão da inovação em uma empresa de Medicina Diagnóstica? Para isso teve como objetivo aprofundar a compreensão sobre a gestão da inovação nesta empresa, entendendo as etapas do processo de inovação (ideação, conversão e difusão), entendendo como a estratégia da inovação se insere no processo de gestão da inovação, e entendendo como que pessoas e organização se inserem na gestão da inovação. Esta pesquisa fez uso de uma abordagem de natureza teórico-prática de enfoque qualitativo e objetivos de caráter exploratório por meio deum estudo de caso único em um centro de medicina diagnóstica de grande porte, reconhecido por práticas de gestão e inovação. Foram utilizadas as técnicas de entrevistas semiestruturadas, observação direta na empresa, e análise de documentos. Para a etapa de entrevista foi elaborado um protocolo semiestruturado com questões orientadoras conforme pesquisa bibliográfica a respeito de gestão da inovação, o setor de saúde e medicina diagnóstica.Foram entrevistados 12 líderes da empresa envolvidos com a gestão da inovação. Todas as fontes de dados foram analisadas e trianguladas chegando à apresentação e discussão de resultados do caso. Como resultados, a pesquisa evidenciou a importância da inovação em medicina diagnóstica, podendo reduzir custos e aumentar a qualidade, além de gerar valor para o restante da cadeia. A estratégia da inovação é alinhada à estratégia corporativa em diversos elementos e possui um processo de definição de drivers que direcionam a companhia no processo de inovação. O processo de inovação é influenciado por atores encontrados na literatura como órgãos reguladores, médicos, pacientes, fornecedores, universidades e operadoras. Além destes, outros foram citados, como órgãos representativos e o Ministério da Ciência e Tecnologia. Dois processos estruturados de inovação foram evidenciados: de novos produtos e de novos processos. O processo de novos produtos é alinhado ao modelo destagegates, enquanto que o processo de novos processos é mais amplo seguindo o modelo hegemônico. A etapa de ideação ocorre com geração de ideias tanto por fontes internas como externas, sendo as principais fontes os médicos e técnicos assessores, e os colaboradores. Técnicas como brainstorming, observação do comportamento dos clientes, e pesquisas acadêmicas são utilizadas. Na etapa de conversão, a seleção e avaliação é feita de maneira colegiada ou individual, por meio de fóruns presenciais ou virtuais. Os critérios de seleção são o alinhamento estratégico, as análises financeiras, técnicas e comerciais. No desenvolvimento e implantação, destaca-se a aplicação de pilotos e testes antes da efetiva implantação da inovação, treinamentos e acompanhamentos da implantação. Por fim, a etapa de difusão ocorre externamente, por meio da equipe comercial junto às operadoras, e com a equipe de médicos e técnicos assessores, junto aos clientes médicos, além dos canais de divulgação como eventos e congressos. A divulgação com clientes finais se dá por meio dos sites, redes sociais, e revistas. Já internamente, a comunicação ocorre principalmente na forma de murais e portais virtuais de comunicação, na atualização de documentos técnicos, e por meio de eventos internos de divulgação do conhecimento, premiação e reconhecimento. Em pessoas e organização, a pesquisa evidenciou que a cultura influencia o processo de gestão da inovação, sendo formada historicamente sobre os pilares de geração de conhecimento e relacionamento acadêmico nas universidades. Objetiva-se gerenciar os recursos humanos capturando pessoas alinhadas ao valor da inovação desde a fase de contratação, passando por treinamentos, avaliação anual de desempenho, premiação e reconhecimento. Não somente os colaboradores internos recebem incentivos e reconhecimentos, como também há incentivos a fornecedores, médicos e universitários por meio de programas específicos. / This master thesis seeks to answer the research question: how works the management of innovation in a case of Diagnostic Medicine? The purpose of this study was to deepen the understanding of innovation management in a diagnostic medicine company, understanding the stages of the innovation process (ideation, conversion and diffusion), understanding how the innovation strategy is embedded in the process of innovation management, and understanding how people and organizations are involved in managing innovation. This research made use of a theoretical-practical approach of qualitative approach and exploratory objectives through a case study in a large diagnostic medicine center, recognized by management and innovation practices. The techniques of semi-structured interviews, direct observation in the company, and document analysis were used. For the interview stage, a semistructured protocol was developed with orienting questions according to bibliographic research regarding innovation management, the health sector and diagnostic medicine. We interviewed 12 company leaders involved in innovation management. All data sources were analyzed and triangulated, arriving at the presentation and discussion of the results of the case. The research highlighted the importance of innovation in diagnostic medicine, which can reduce costs and increase quality, and generate value for the rest of the chain. The innovation strategy is aligned with the corporate strategy in several elements and has a process of definition of drivers that guide the company in the process of innovation. The innovation process is influenced by several stakeholders found in the literature. Besides these others were cited as representative bodies, and the ministry of science and technology. Two structured innovation processes were evidenced: process of new products and new processes. The process of new products is aligned with the stage gates model, while the process of new processes is broader following the hegemonic model. The stage of ideation occurs with the generation of ideas by both internal and external sources, the main sources being the doctors and technical advisors, and collaborators. Techniques such as brainstorming, customer behavior observation, and academic research are used. In the conversion stage, the selection and evaluation can be done collegially or individually, through forums that can be even virtual. The selection criteria are strategic alignment, financial, technical and commercial analysis. In the development and implementation, we highlight the application of pilots and tests before the effective implementation of the innovation, the training and follow-up of the implementation. Finally, the diffusion stage occurs externally, through the commercial team with the operators, and with the team of medical and technical advisors, with the medical clients, in addition to the channels of dissemination such as events, congresses. Publicity with end customers is through websites, social networks, and magazines. Already internally the communication occurs mainly in the form of virtual murals and portals of communication, in the updating of technical documents, and through internal events of dissemination of knowledge, awards and recognition. In people and organization, the research evidenced that culture influences the process of innovation management, being historically formed on the pillars of knowledge generation and academic relationship in universities. It aims to manage human resources by capturing people aligned with the value of innovation from the hiring stage, through training, annual performance evaluation, awards and recognition. Not only do internal collaborators receive incentives and recognition, but there are also incentives to suppliers, doctors and university students through specific programs.

With the proliferation of digital services and technologies, industries, including thebanking sector, are looking for innovative ways to improve customer experience. The criticalaspect of improving customer experience is increased customer satisfaction, which helps toattract new customers and to retain existing ones. Chatbots have emerged as a promisingsolution, offering a convenient and personalized way for customers to interact with banks andother financial institutions. This thesis analyses the impact of chatbots on customer satisfactionthrough a comparative study of customer satisfaction between Sweden and India. By providinginsights into the similarities and differences in customer perceptions between the two countries,this thesis aims to contribute to the existing literature on the effectiveness of chatbots. This studytakes a socio-technical perspective to explore how customers perceive satisfaction when usingchatbots in their financial services. The findings shed light on the impact of chatbots on customersatisfaction in different markets and contribute to the understanding of the adoption of chatbots inroutine banking assistance, especially in a cross-cultural context. In designing effective strategiesfor using chatbot technology to improve customer experience in the digital age, the findings arevaluable for banking institutions and policymakers.