<p>Certain types of waste, e.g. bottom ash originating from municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI bottom ash) can be used as road construction materials. A potential problem is the possibility of substances leaching out of the road and spreading in the surrounding groundwater.</p><p>The aim of this master’s thesis is to conclude whether hydrogeological type settings can be employed to, based on local conditions, provide an estimate of the probable spreading of these substances in the surrounding groundwater, and whether certain types of soils can be identified as being less suitable for the localization of a MSWI bottom ash road. A hydrogeological type setting is defined as a mappable unit with similar hydrogeological properties. An advantage of this approach would be that mainly existing maps and surveys could form the basis for the assessment.</p><p>The work has been performed by placing a hypothetical road construction in different hydrogeological type settings. The expected patterns of spreading has then been evaluated using theoretical reasoning and analytical and numerical models.</p><p>The method can be used. In the report various type settings are defined. In several cases further information will be required to render possible a more exact estimate of the spreading. By locating the road on less permeable soils to reduce the local spreading of substances in groundwater, a greater proportion of the water will be drained as surface water. Thus it becomes important to take into account surface water transport aswell. In the report a procedure to estimate the maximum concentrations in groundwater at locations situated downstream the road is presented. This estimate could be used as basis for a more balanced valuation of appropriateness, e.g. by relating the estimated concentrations to background values.</p> / <p>Vissa typer av avfall, exempelvis slaggrus (sorterad bottenaska från avfallsförbränning), kan användas som vägbyggnadsmaterial. Ett potentiellt problem är möjligheten att ämnen lakas ut ur vägen och sprids i omgivande grundvatten.</p><p>Syftet med detta examensarbete är att avgöra om hydrogeologiska typmiljöer kan användas för att, utifrån omgivningens förutsättningar, ge en bild av hur den vidare spridningen av dessa ämnen i omgivande grundvatten sannolikt ser ut, och om vissa typer av mark kan pekas ut som mindre lämpade för lokalisering av en slaggrusväg. En hydrogeologisk typmiljö definieras som ett område möjligt att avgränsa med avseende på karakteristiska hydrogeologiska förhållanden. En fördel med angreppssättet skulle vara att underlagsmaterialet till bedömningen då kan utgöras av i huvudsak befintligt kartmaterial.</p><p>Studien har utförts genom att en hypotetisk vägkonstruktion placerats in i olika hydrogeologiska typmiljöer. De troliga spridningsscenarierna har sedan utvärderats genom teoretiska resonemang, samt genom användande av analytiska och numeriska modeller.</p><p>Metodiken går att använda och i rapporten definieras olika typmiljöer. I flera fall kommer platsspecifik kunskap behöva inhämtas för en närmare beskrivning av spridningsbilden. Genom placering av vägen på tätare mark för att minska lokal spridning av ämnen i grundvatten kommer en större andel av vattnet att avledas som ytvatten. Därmed blir det viktigt att även inhämta kunskap om transport med ytvatten. I rapporten presenteras också en metod för uppskattning av maximala halter i grundvatten nedströms en väg. Denna metod kan användas som underlag för en mer nyanserad värdering av lämplighet, genom att de uppskattade halterna relateras till bakgrundsvärden eller lämpliga riktvärden.</p>

There is a breadth of literature on educating international students. The typical foci are on international students as economic contributors to foreign countries, or on challenges they face. Canadian educational institutions have the most rapidly growing population of international students, yet literature on how to create successful and health-promoting experiences and campus environments is lacking. The purpose of this study was to break new ground by using a mixed-method, secondary analysis approach guided by settings-based health promotion and Health Promoting University theories to explore and understand the health-related experience of international students. The secondary analysis drew on international student data generated from a CB-PAR guided study, The VOICE Study 2012: Revisiting healthy campus development at UBC’s Okanagan campus (UBCO). The two research objectives were: (a) to identify and understand health-related experiences of international students on post-secondary campuses; and (b) recommend strategies for enhancing health-promoting change in campus communities, particularly UBCO, that take into account the international student health-related experience. Responses to 378 community dialogue questionnaires, transcripts from two focus groups (4 participants) and one interview were analyzed. Quantitative analysis was done using descriptive and frequency statistics, and Pearson’s Chi-square test was performed to further understand the statistical findings. Qualitative analysis was done to identify over-arching categories related to participants’ health-related experiences. A synthesis of the qualitative and quantitative findings identified fourteen categories that encompassed the health-related experience of international students at UBCO, and are consistent with the principles of health promotion. The fourteen categories are policy/rules, cleanliness, campus environment, sense of community, orientation, discrimination, food, water, activity, transportation, services, substance use, expenses, and cheating. Of the fourteen categories, international students most frequently selected food, study spaces, and physical activity. Each category was discussed in detail and linked to relevant literature when possible. In the end, this Master’s thesis reflects the health-related interests and experiences of international students, and suggests ways to create a university that promotes health and well-being. / Graduate / 0680 / 0569 / 0745 / robyndwiebe@gmail.com

A Thesis submitted to The University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Medicine. / The rate of technology expansion is rapidly covering even the most remote parts of the globe and in the lowest resource settings. With globalization however, low and middle income areas are facing emerging health issues such as injuries and chronic medical conditions. With these illnesses, there are inevitable demands on emergency services. It has been thought that technology be utilized to augment emergency medical care in such settings where formal Emergency Medical Services. To aggregate and analyze the existing literature on the topic a systematic literature review was conducted. This study analyzed the existing literature on prehospital emergency care in settings in which no formal EMS services were utilized. Four databases were searched with inclusion and exclusion criteria, yielding 1782 results. The initial screening excluded all but 21 articles. Of the 21 articles in full review, 15 were included in the final review. Studies included in the final review were grouped into those reporting outcomes from five categories: Feasibility, Quality of Care, Response Time, Patient Outcomes, and Cost Effectiveness. Only one study was identified to be of high quality. There was a lack of studies with adequate statistical analysis to conduct statistical aggregation. Most studies however reported prehospital telemedicine in settings without EMS to be feasible, provide quality care, are be cost effective. However, the lack of statistical analysis makes it difficult to make conclusions. Also, several studies did show response time of a trained basic life support volunteer to be faster than EMS in many of the settings. But no positive health outcomes were observed in patients treated with projects utilizing technology in the prehospital setting. The prehospital emergency medicine setting is a young field of study that may have significant hurdles in application. The studies conducted have shown promise in the use of technology in prehospital settings without formal EMS services, but are not robust enough to make strong conclusions or recommendations that could be put into practice. Thus, more robust, statistically oriented research is imperative in the field so that we can fully explore the potential of technology in the prehospital setting, especially in low resource and rural settings without formal EMS services. With more robust studies, we can hope to integrate new technologies into practice and better serve the populations without adequate EMS coverage to provide more timely emergency care.

Aus der Einleitung: "Verschiedene Zielkonflikte zwischen den Anforderungen bzgl. Sicherheit, Wirtschaftlichkeit und Umweltverträglichkeit resultieren aus den Spannungsfeldern Umwelt, Wirtschaft und Technik (Busche 2014, Braess & Seiffert 2013). Richtungsentscheidungen bei der Festlegung der Anforderungen im Entwicklungsprozess auf Grundlage weniger Informationen bergen die Gefahr fehlerhafter Entscheidungen (Feldhusen & Grote 2013). Wird dies im weiteren Verlauf der Entwicklungsprozesse bemerkt sind Iterationsschleifen verbunden mit hohen Kosten notwendig, um dort nachzubessern (Ehrlenspiel et al. 2007). Der Grund für das große Informationsdefizit am Anfang des Entwicklungsprozesses sind die unbekannten Auswirkungen der Parametervariationen auf die Eigenschaften (Ehrlenspiel 2009). Diese resultieren u.a. aus den restriktiven Anforderungen, neuen Technologien oder alternativen Werkstoffen (Braess & Seiffert 2013). Muss das Nachfolgefahrzeug bspw. länger und flacher, bei gleicher Fahrdynamik werden oder leichter bei schärferen NVH- und Crash-Eigenschaften sein, müssen neue Strukturen, Materialien und Verfahren eingesetzt werden (Prinz 2011, Busche 2014). Bei Neukonstruktionen ist der Anteil unbekannter Auswirkungen noch höher (Ehrlenspiel 2009). ..."

The musical and spiritual life of Mary Lou Williams (1910 - 1981) came together in her later years in the writing of Mary Lou's Mass. Being both Roman Catholic and a jazz pianist and composer, it was inevitable that Williams would be the first jazz composer to write a setting of the mass. The degree of success resulting from the combination of jazz and the traditional forms of Western art music has always been controversial. Because of Williams's personal faith and aesthetics of music, however, she had little choice but to attempt the union of jazz and liturgical worship. After a biography of Williams, discussed in the context of her musical aesthetics, this thesis investigates the elements of conventional mass settings and oral tradition found in Mary Lou's Mass.

This is a stylistic study of the four versions of Liszt's Three Petrarchan Sonnets with special emphasis on the revision of poetic settings to the music. The various revisions over four versions from 1838 to 1861 reflect Liszt's artistic development as seen especially in his use of melody, harmony, tonality, color, tone painting, atmosphere, and form. His use of the voice and development of piano technique also play an important part in these sonnets. The sonnets were inexplicably linked with the fateful events in his life and were in a way an image of this most flamboyant and controversial personality. This study suggests Liszt's importance as an innovator, and his influence on later trends should not be underestimated.

No decorrer de vários anos de leituras e intervenções práticas, foram recolhidos ideias e eixos temáticos, alinhavados e sistematizados na troca de passes entre a arte do futebol brasileiro e seus principais narradores, a partir dos conceitos de hegemonia, sociedade civil e intelectual orgânico em Gramsci. Paralelamente, captou-se o narrador em Walter Benjamin e a sua visão sobre a modernidade. A tese abordará basicamente esses pontos. Tudo em Cenários e Personagens de décadas distintas, em espaços geográficos não necessariamente iguais ou limítrofes, mas capazes de dialogar através dos temas escolhidos. Cenários e personagens que percorrem uma trajetória iniciada na Inglaterra na segunda metade do século XIX, até sua consolidação no Brasil na década de 1960. Dos personagens, percorremos as trilhas de Gentil Cardoso, Dori Kürschner, Neném Prancha, Nelson Rodrigues e João Saldanha, tendo como inspiração os seus grandes solistas: de Marcos Carneiro de Mendonça a Gerson, passando por Friedenreich, Fausto, Leônidas, Didi, Garrincha e Pelé. / During several years of readings and practical interventions, ideas and axial themes were collected, sketched, and systematized in the exchange of passes between the art of Brazilian soccer and major narrators, from Gramsci\'s concepts of hegemony, civil society, and organic intellectuals. Similarly, the narrator is captured in Walter Benjamin and his vision of modernity. The thesis will mainly deal with these points. The content addresses Characters and Settings of distinctive decades, and geographic spaces not necessarily equal or bordering, but able to dialogue through the chosen themes. Characters and settings that cover a trajectory started in England in the second half of the nineteenth century until its consolidation in Brazil in the 1960s. Among the historical personalities, we followed the paths of Gentil Cardoso, Dori Kürschner, Neném Prancha, Nelson Rodrigues and João Saldanha; taking as inspiration the great soloists: from Marcos Carneiro de Mendonça to Gerson, in addition to Friedenreich, Fausto, Leônidas, Didi, Garrincha and Pelé.

Despite the fact that the prevalence of drug use in nightlife setngs is signifcantly higher than in the general populaton (EMCDDA, 2015), addictology services in these felds are not a priority in the Czech Republic - nor are they a conceptual and stable aspect of addicton care. The status of these programs is therefore usually fuctuatng and currently not well mapped. The aims of this research were: to describe the current situaton of addictology services within nightlife setngs in the Czech Republic; obtain basic data on the programs that currently operate in this context; describe provided interventons and their scope of reach; and provide an elementary overview of the nature of services and their limits or barriers of the further development. As a method of data collecton, a questonnaire was used among programs operatng in and around entertainment, as well as low-threshold programs in the Czech Republic. The study was conducted using the Computer-Assisted-Web-Interview (CAWI) method. The results show that there are 16 programs currently operatng within nightlife setngs. Most of them are primarily low-threshold harm reducton services for actve drug users. Actvites in this area are offered only sporadically and not prioritzed, which results in limited effectveness and obstacles to further...

Ce travail de recherche apporte une contribution à l’étude de la gestion des données comptables et à sa mise en évidence lors de l’utilisation du référentiel IFRS. L’objet de recherche se découpe en deux questions, le changement de référentiel comptable est-il source de plus de manipulation comptable et quels sont les moyens de mettre en évidence la manipulation comptable des comptes établis en normes IFRS ? Notre chapitre liminaire expose le contexte de la création et de l’implémentation des normes IFRS. Le chapitre 1 témoigne de leur impact sur les indicateurs de gestion des comptes consolidés des sociétés françaises cotées. Le chapitre 2 étudie le comportement des accruals à l’approche des seuils comptables, et la possible manipulation comptable des résultats. Le chapitre 3 est une étude approfondie des accruals discrétionnaires comme moyen de manipuler les données comptables. / This research aims to contribute to the study of the management of the accounting data and to its derivative using the IFRS standards. Two research questions are emerging: is the change of accounting standards a source of more accounting manipulation and what are the ways to highlight the accounting manipulation of accounts established in IFRS standards? Our introductory chapter sets out the context of the creation and the implementation of IFRS. Chapter 1 highlights their impact on the consolidated accounts of listed French companies’ management indicators. Chapter 2 studies the behavior of the accruals closed the accounting thresholds, and the possible accounting manipulation of results. Chapter 3 is a comprehensive study of the accruals discretionary to manipulate accounting data.

Le scanner a révolutionné la médecine permettant une accélération et une meilleure prise en charge du patient. La tomodensitométrie (TDM) s’accompagne d’un désavantage qui est l’augmentation du risque de cancer radio-induit des patients qui en bénéficient. La question se pose notamment aux urgences où l’emploi du scanner est de plus en plus prédominant, souvent après la réalisation d’une radiographie. Cette attitude, malgré tout justifiée dans la plupart des cas, peut s'avérer délétère. De ce fait les principes de radioprotection obligent à l’optimisation de la dose délivrée aux patients. L’inquiétude principale réside dans l’irradiation du thorax qui est la région la plus radiosensible du corps humain. Cela se traduit par une recherche continue d’un compromis entre l’obtention de la dose la plus basse possible tout en gardant une qualité d’image satisfaisante pour le diagnostic. Les dernières années des innovations technologiques ont été développées pour optimiser la dose au scanner ; la plus importante et la plus récente étant la reconstruction itérative (RI). La RI permet d’améliorer les index de qualité image avec une dose abaissée ou à dose équivalente reconstruite avec la classique rétroprojection filtrée, mais restituant enfin une qualité d’image modifiée. L’objectif de cette thèse était d’établir un protocole TDM du thorax délivrant une dose similaire à celle d’une radiographie du thorax de face et une de profil (ULD-CT_Ultra-low-dose-Computed Tomography) pour des indications de douleurs thoraciques en urgence sans injection de produit de contraste. La réaction des radiologues non habitués a été investiguée pour considérer la modification de l’image liée à la réduction de la dose et de l’emploi de la RI. Pour atteindre cet objectif les travaux de cette thèse se sont déroulés selon trois phases. La première phase représente une approche globale à la RI, testée sur fantômes pour optimiser les protocoles TDM de notre département. À partir des résultats obtenus, la deuxième phase a débuté. Des protocoles TDM thorax standard, à basse dose (LD-CT_Low-dose) et à très basse dose (ULD-CT) ont été testés sur des cadavres humains. La troisième phase a été caractérisée par l’application du protocole ULD-CT en pratique clinique aux urgences. Quatre articles scientifiques ont été rédigés pour représenter les trois phases de cette thèse. En conclusion, le protocole ULD-CT reconstruit avec des hauts niveaux de RI a délivré une dose inférieure à celle du niveau de référence diagnostique national pour une radiographie du thorax de face et une de profil. Ce type de protocole à très faible dose reconstruit avec RI est une alternative valable à la radiographie pour certaines indications sélectionnées pour l’exploration du thorax en urgence. En outre les radiologues malgré des remarques critiques sur la qualité d’image de l’ULD-CT ont toujours déclaré un niveau de confiance diagnostique élevé. / Computed Tomography (CT) improved patients' health care. However CT has a major drawback, which is the ionizing irradiation of the patient with an ensuing radiation-induced cancer risk. This issue is particularly observed in emergency settings, where the CT is increasingly becoming a dominant tool for the care decision-making, often after a radiographic study. Although this attitude is justified in the majority of the cases, it could be deleterious. Thus the principles of radiation safety obligate to the optimization of radiation dose delivered to the patients. The main problem is that the chest is the most radiation sensitive region of the human body. Hence the research of the better trade-off between the dose reduction and a diagnostic image quality is mandatory. Recently, several technological improvements have been developed to optimize the radiation dose at CT. The newest and most important innovation is the iterative reconstruction (IR). IR improves the quality image indexes of a CT image generated with a lowered dose or equivalent to that reconstructed with filtered back projection. Finally this reconstruction method renders a modified CT image. The goals of this PhD thesis were: i) to establish an unenhanced CT protocol, delivering a dose in the range of a radiographic study (ULD_ultra-low-dose-CT), for chest pain indications with no need of contrast media administration and ii) to investigate the reaction of unaccustomed radiologists to ULD-CT imaging. To accomplish these tasks the work of this thesis has been split in three phases. In the first phase a study approaching globally the IR was carried out testing several CT protocols on phantoms, in order to optimize the CT protocols of our institution. The outcomes of this study opened the second phase. A standard dose CT, a low-dose-CT and an ULD-CT protocols were acquired on the chest of human cadavers. The third phase was characterized by the application of ULD-CT in clinical practice in emergency settings. Four scientific articles were produced to communicate the results of this doctorate work. In conclusion, the ULD-CT protocol, reconstructed with high strengths of IR, conveyed a dose lower than the one of the national diagnostic reference level for a double projections chest X-ray. This ULD-CT protocol with IR is a valid alternative to the radiography for the study of the chest, for selected indications in emergency settings. Moreover, despite the radiologists were censorious about the ULD-CT image quality, they demonstrated always a high diagnostic confidence level.