The aim of the study was to develop an understanding of how adolescent South African girls in institutional care perceive their female gender role, in the past, the present and future. The research question was: How do adolescent girls living in institutional care in South Africa perceive their female gender role in the past, the present and future? A mixed design, a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods, was used in order to answer the research question. The quantitative part of the study consisted of a questionnaire, and the qualitative part of the study contained seven interviews. To interpret the analyzed data a theoretical framework was used, consisting of the theory of social constructionism and gender theory. The final result of the quantitative and the quantitative parts of the study showed that the perception of the female gender role among the respondents is more stereotyped/ traditional when it comes to the area of relationships and sexuality, but more equal in the field of future occupation and the professional role. The result shows that a majority of the respondents have one view of gender roles in general, a more traditional picture of how things are supposed to be, and another, less conservative when they express their own desires of how they want their future life and household.

Women are active travel consumers, yet travel advertising notoriously depicts women stereotypically. If consumers react negatively to these stereotypical portrayals in advertising, they may disregard the ad or brand and purchase a different travel product. The purpose of this study is to determine if consumers react differently to stereotypical versus non-stereotypical depictions of women in travel advertising. The study will examine these reactions, by measuring attitude toward the ad, attitude toward the brand, purchase intention, and cognitive responses to carefully prepared advertisements that are characterized as ―stereotypical‖ or ―non-stereotypical.‖ Ads are defined as stereotypical by utilizing Goffman‘s (1979) framework for analyzing images of women in advertising. Results overwhelmingly indicate that consumers in this study display more favorable attitudes to the non-stereotypical depictions of women in travel advertising. Attitudes toward the advertising, brand, purchase intention, and cognitive responses were all significantly more favorable among the non-stereotypical advertising condition. The results have theoretical benefit to the travel advertising industry, since these findings support the affect transfer hypothesis and dual mediation hypothesis. No studies to date have examined such research in travel advertising and results indicate a possible need for action among advertisers.

Magistro baigiamojo darbo "Moterų profesinę karjerą lemiantys veiksniai"objektas: moterų profesinę karjerą lemiantys veiksniai. Tyrimo tikslas:remiantis teorinio ir empyrinio tyrimo duomenimis, išanalizuoti moterų profesinę karjerą lemiančius veiksnius ir jų ypatumus.Uždaviniai:1)aptarti moters profesinės karjeros vystymosi raidą, motyvaciją, kliūtis;2)išnagrinėti moterų karjerossėkmę lemiančius vidinius ir išorinius veiksnius;3)apžvelgti socialinės pagalbos galimybes profesinės karjerossiekiančioms moterims;4)atskleisti moterų požiūrį į karjerą ir ją lemiančius veiksnius.Darbe naudoti pagrindiniai metodai:mokslinės literatūros analizė,kiekybinis metodas(anketinė apklausa). / The object of the Master's final thesis "The determiningfactors of women's professional career"is women'sapproach towards the factors that determine their professional career. Aim of investigation:to analyse the determiningfactors of women's professional career and theirfeatures based upon theoretical and empirical analysis data.Tasks:1)to discuss the developmen, motivation and bariers of women'sprofessional career;2)to analyse the inner and external factors that determine the success of women'scereer; 3)to review the possibilities of social aid for women who are seeking professional career; 4)to reveal women's approach to career and its determining factors.The main methods used in the thesis:analysis of scientific literature, quantitative method (survey).

Estuda as práticas sexuais de risco para a infecção pelo HIV entre jovens (18 a 25 anos) do período noturno de escolas públicas da cidade de São Paulo; avalia os efeitos de um modelo de prevenção segundo variáveis baseadas no Modelo de Redução de Risco em AIDS; analisa diferenças entre os gêneros. Desenvolveu-se um estudo longitudinal, envolvendo 4 escolas divididas randomicamente em grupo-intervenção e grupo-controle. 394 estudantes participaram do baseline, sendo que 77% completaram o questionário pós-intervenção. Desenvolvimento de Oficinas de Sexo Mais Seguro com 4 encontros, de 3 horas cada, onde foram discutidos: o simbolismo da AIDS; percepção de risco; influência das normas de gênero nas atitudes; informações sobre AIDS; corpo erótico e reprodutivo; prazer sexual; negociação do uso do preservativo. Dados do baseline mostraram que a freqüência do uso de preservativo foi baixa entre os jovens que mantiveram relação sexual, e que há diferenças significativas entre os gêneros com relação à sexualidade e aspectos envolvidos na prevenção de AIDS. Ao avaliar as oficinas, observaram-se efeitos estatisticamente significativos entre as mulheres, que tiveram relações sexuais mais seguras, e em algumas variáveis envolvidas com a prevenção da AIDS. As mudanças foram menos significativas entre os homens. Conclui-se que o risco para a infecção pelo HIV pode ser diminuído, mas resultados mais expressivos podem ser encontrados se forem enfatizados os obstáculos sócio-econômicos e papéis sexuais de gênero através de programas comunitários específicos de longa duração. / Examines sexual risk for HIV infection among young adults (18 to 25 years old) night school students in São Paulo city; evaluates effects of an HIV/AIDS prevention model through AIDS Risk Reduction Model variables; analyzes gender differences. A longitudinal study was conducted among four public night schools that were randomized into intervention group and control group. 394 students participated in the baseline survey, 77% completed a post intervention questionnaire. Development of Safer Sex Workshops during four sessions with 3 hours each, where they discussed: AIDS symbolism, risk perception, influences of gender norms on attitudes, AIDS-related knowledge, erotic and reproductive body, sexual pleasure, condom negotiation. Condom use was low among students that had sexual relation and gender differences were significant at baseline. Workshops evaluation showed significant effects among women that had more safer sex and in some variables involved with AIDS prevention. Changes were less significant among men. We conclude that the risk to HIV infection can be lowered, but more significant results can be achieved if the socioeconomic barriers and gender differences are considered in specific long-term community programs.

The focus of this study is the relationship among (1) attitudes toward sex-based differentiation in adult leisure activities and socialization of boys and girls, (2) attitudes toward housekeeping, and (3) combinations of marital, maternal employment, and head of household statuses among Negro, Anglo, and Mexican-American women in three age categories and from two socio-economic levels.

George Kelly has stated that persons place interpretations, or constructs, on what they perceive. Past research has indicated that subjects more meaningfully apply their own personal constructs to persons and situations than constructs supplied from other sources. This study attempted to confirm previous findings. Sixty-three university students used their own personal constructs, elicited from the Role Construct Repertory Test, and supplied instrumental-expressive role constructs to interpret and rate 12 actors portraying instrumental and expressive behaviors in six videotaped scenes. The purpose of this study is to compare the meaningfulness to subjects of stereotypic terms in a sex-role inventory to the meaningfulness of the subjects' own personal constructs when interpreting typical masculine- and feminine-typed behavior.

Native American and First Nations (hereafter referred to as indigenous) women college students are faced with a challenge to balance both their culture and the demands of the dominant Western culture in family, school, and work/employment roles. The presence of indigenous women in higher education and in the work force has increased since World War II. While there is an abundance of literature on work-family balance and work-family conflict, with some focus on the perspectives and expectations of college-aged students, there is a dearth in both of these areas with regards to indigenous populations. In order to begin to explore the experiences and perspectives of work and family, this study analyzed unstructured qualitative interviews of 11 Native American and 9 First Nations female college students. Themes resulting from the hermeneutic analysis of texts that describe the tensions around career, family and education were (a) honoring indigenous culture and community, (b) living in two worlds, (c) pursuing individual fulfillment and goals, and (d) acknowledging the importance and influence of family. This paper was later published in the Journal of College Student Development. You can access the paper here.

Studier har visat att barn påverkas av den miljö de befinner sig i. Den fysiska världen talar ett språk som berättar om samhällets krav, förväntningar och värderingar på individen, inklusive förväntningar angående kön/genus. Könsnormer har visat sig vara inbäddade i hur rum utformas och därför kan det sägas att rum har möjlighet att påverka skapandet av kön. I denna studie undersöks hur pedagoger på en HBTQ-certifierad förskola i Sverige använder rummets språk tillsammans med det talade språket för att minska ”gender salience” i förskolan. Syftet är att ta reda på hur förskolemiljön utformas av pedagogerna för att ge alla barn möjlighet att skapa sin identitet bortom förgivettagna föreställningar om kön. Data har samlats in genom fotografier, fältanteckningar, observationer och intervjuer, samt från förskolans litteratur och styrdokument. Den teoretiska utgångspunkten är feministisk poststrukturalism och queerteori, med särskilt fokus på Butlers teori om genus som performativt görande. Analysen av empirin visar hur förskolan använder färg, lekmaterial, rumslig organisering, litteratur och bilder, det talade språket, samt mat för att ifrågasätta samhällets könsnormer och öppna dörren till fler positioner än de könsstereotypa. Resultaten har implikationer både för pedagoger och också andra som är ansvariga för att skapa rum för barn och deras familjer.

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