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Syftet med denna uppsats var att undersöka hur avkriminaliserandet av homosexualitet påverkade homosexuella patienter inlagda på sinnessjukhus. Målet var att se hur medikaliserandet påverkade patienternas syn på sig själva, läkarnas syn på dem och slutligen effekten samhället i stort. Studien hade en blandad metod av kvantitativt och kvalitativt arbete; till att börja med undersöktes alla patientjournaler vid Kronobergs regionalarkiv från 1944-1949, vilket uppgick i ca 1070 st journaler. Alla journaler som explicit nämnde patienten som homosexuell begärdes ut, varefter 4 rättspsykiatriska journaler valdes ut för djupare analys: Alla hade dömts för sexuella övergrepp mot barn. Undersökningen visade att tiden omedelbart efter avkriminaliserandet var en ambivalent tid vad gällde synen på homosexualitet. För patienterna innebar detta att de framstod som oförstående för såväl brottens skadlighet för offren, samt varför de lagts in på sinnessjukhus. Majoriteten av patienterna såg sin homosexualitet som resultat av andra åkommor, men hävdade samtidigt att deras läggning var naturligt betingad. Läkarna beskrev patienternas homosexualitet som något med både biologiska och psykologiska faktorer. Trots rädslan, vilken framkommit av tidigare forskning, för av-kriminaliserandets homosexualiserande effekt verkade såväl läkarna som polisen inte ta detta i beräkning vid samtal med patienterna – eller vid frisättning av desamma. Undersökningen visade att trots att homosexualitet blivit klassad som en sinnessjukdom fungerade detta mest som en bidiagnos vid inläggning; vikt lades istället vid de sexuella övergrepp som patienterna gjort. Studien visade slutligen att den identitetsstyrkande effekt som medikaliserandet hade kom med den baksida, då den mildrade synen på homosexuella pedofilers brott.

Gay Power! A Study of Male Homosexuality and Identity Politics in the Swedish GayPress 1971–1986 In this essay, the author examines the sexual policy ideas behind the Swedish gaymagazine Revolt in order to describe one aspect of the history of ideas about male homosexuality in Sweden. In particular, the study emphasize the social and cultural creation of meaning, as well as constructions of a homosexual male subject. The author has here focused on the ideas and theories that governed and influenced the magazine in a certain direction during the examined period 1971–1986. The overall purpose has been to study the gay press's perception of homosexuality, and what values about same sex-sexuality that have emerged in the material. The author distinguishes between two kinds of directions of ideas who have affected the magazine. One was the ideology of sexual liberalism, where the ambition was to break the silence and stigma when talking about sex in general, especially homosexuality. Within the framework of sexual liberalism, the magazine has intended to depict the many facets of homosexuality in words and images. The other direction was more focused on conducting identity politics where the sexual practice was dimmed to instead give preference to issues that valued a creation of a homosexual identity. The construction of such an identity has primarily been about creating cohesion and continuity among gay men, in order to strengthen the homosexual community inwards. But the identity politics has also implied a normalization of homosexuality. Likewise, it has limited the scope for sexual variations in relation to the creation of a homosexual subjectivity. By the mid-1980s, the identity politics had become so strong that Revolt came to be a magazine for gay men specifically, and earlier liberal ideas of sexuality became almost alienated. The male homosexuality became here an object of moralizing where some sexual practices were problematized and even made incomprehensible in the light of social changes in the homosexual community and in the society in general.

Denna uppsats undersöker framställningen av äldre kvinnors sexualitet i populärmedicinsk litteratur i relation till begärets modernisering kring sekelskiftet 1900. Kring sekelskiftet 1900 separerades könsdriften från fortplantning och denna separation har beskrivits som begärets modernisering i relation till den undersöks hur äldre kvinnors sexualitet framställs, vilka normer kring deras sexualitet som framkommer, vilken bild av den äldre kvinnan konstrueras, och hur den konstrueras. För att lyfta fram, normer, vilken bild som konstruerades och hur den konstruerades anläggs en queerteoretisk utgångspunkt. Bilden som den medicinska litteraturen skapar av den äldre kvinnan är generellt att hon är asexuell, denna bild konstrueras genom att äldre kvinnors sexualitet antingen kopplas till ungdom, sjukdom, abnormitet eller genom att författarna förlöjligar eller skapar kriterier för sexualiteten eller genom att det normativa framställs som det självklara. Kvinnans sexualitet associeras inte med ålderdom. Begärens modernisering tycks inte påverka författarnas uppfattning av äldre kvinnors sexualitet. Äldre kvinnors sexualitet förknippas av både författare som separerar könsdriften från fortplantning och av författare som inte gör det, till reproduktion. Kvinnans könsdrift blev aldrig helt oberoende av fortplantningsfunktionen.

This thesis analyses the development towards a mass market pornographic press. Sweden (in addition to Denmark) is often described as a forerunner in this development when the so-called “porn wave” hit most of the Western world in the late 1960s. The “porn wave” was the starting point of the contemporary pornographic press, which put sexually explicit pictures on the international market. Denmark was the first country in the world to decriminalize pornographic pictures in 1969 and Sweden followed in 1971. While previous research in Sweden often blames decriminalisation for the growth of the pornographic market, this thesis shows that the “porn wave” preceded the alteration of the Freedom of the press act and thus calls for a more multifaceted analysis of the development. Very few studies have been made about the development from an underground exclusive market of explicit pornography to a legal mass market. This thesis, however, makes a survey of all the Swedish publishers of pornographic magazines, their length on the market, and the market conditions. By analysing the regulation of pornography prior to 1971 and the legal cases leading to prosecutions of the publishers, the strategies used to challenge the regulation are traced. Special attention is also paid to how the monopoly on distribution held by Pressbyrån, a company owned by the Swedish press, affected the pornographic press. By cooperating and starting their own distribution channels, the pornography publishers managed to challenge Pressbyrån’s regulations. Great emphasis is laid on the discursive construction of pornography in mass media and in the parliamentary debates. This thesis argues that the antagonisms between the pornographic press and its critics are central in understanding how pornography was perceived and that these debates have decisively impacted the market conditions. Sensation-seeking articles in the evening papers, and the politicians’ liberal attitudes towards the pornographic press, made the market seem more open and lucrative. The resistance towards the establishment of a mass market and explicit pornographic press was strong during the whole period – but these critics used quite varying arguments. By analysing these arguments, this thesis shows how the pornographic press touched on sensitive cultural norms regarding marriage, young people’s sexuality, homosexuality, gender and love. The second half of the 1960s was a turning point in the development of the pornographic press, the discursive construction of pornography and in the political strategies used to combat pornography. In just a few years, the pornographic press grew substantially and started to publish explicit pictures of intercourse. In that same period, the construction of pornography went from a conservatively Christian understanding to a sexually liberal – and later to a feminist understanding of its problems. The government introduced a “porn raid” against the magazines, prosecuted many of them, and then paradoxically decriminalized pornography in 1971. Theoretically, the conclusion is made that pornography has to be seen in its historical context and in relation to its special market conditions. Since pornography continually has been a contested commodity, its controversial status has resulted in special regulations, marketing difficulties and lack of income from advertisements.