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The Toronto International Film Festival Group (tiff.) is the latest addition to an existing array of spectacles offered in Entertainment District of Toronto. Spectacles remove us from reality, surprise us, connect us with others, and allow us to participate as a part of a community. However, their extraordinary nature can be so enticing that they put us into a trance that can leave us vulnerable to political and economic influences. This thesis uses Michel Foucault’s concept of heterotopias, or ‘other places’, to shed light on the values, characteristics and functions of spaces dedicated to these spectacles. These spaces exist in the grey zone between the political-public domain and the economic-private property. They are sanctuaries for events, activities and illusions that deviate from those of the commonplace. The Entertainment District is a heterotopia that reflects and fosters Toronto’s enjoyment and fascination with spectacles. This thesis looks at how the district can further its role as a heterotopia of spectacle by juxtaposing the existing experiences with a variety of contemporary experiences such as free play and film-related events introduced through John Street’s use of the concept of shared space and the introduction of a new home for tiff. Portions of John Street are transformed into continuous ground surfaces that encourage pedestrian circulation within the district, as well as the introduction of new spectacles. The new tiff. building situates itself along this continuous ground surface and extends up to the building’s edge and through laneways to an internal courtyard. The building reads as an incompatible cluster of skewed volumes with their own distinct function stacked on top of one another. The agitated and fragmented geometry of the building is developed through a series of governing lines and curves which sets themselves within the Cartesian grid of the city at irregular angles. These volumes are wrapped in a variety of opaque, transparent and translucent materials that frame views of events on the street, in the neighbourhood, and in the city. This thesis of discourse and design will be of interest to all those wishing to understand heterotopias or ‘other places’ dedicated to spectacles.

The Toronto International Film Festival Group (tiff.) is the latest addition to an existing array of spectacles offered in Entertainment District of Toronto. Spectacles remove us from reality, surprise us, connect us with others, and allow us to participate as a part of a community. However, their extraordinary nature can be so enticing that they put us into a trance that can leave us vulnerable to political and economic influences. This thesis uses Michel Foucault’s concept of heterotopias, or ‘other places’, to shed light on the values, characteristics and functions of spaces dedicated to these spectacles. These spaces exist in the grey zone between the political-public domain and the economic-private property. They are sanctuaries for events, activities and illusions that deviate from those of the commonplace. The Entertainment District is a heterotopia that reflects and fosters Toronto’s enjoyment and fascination with spectacles. This thesis looks at how the district can further its role as a heterotopia of spectacle by juxtaposing the existing experiences with a variety of contemporary experiences such as free play and film-related events introduced through John Street’s use of the concept of shared space and the introduction of a new home for tiff. Portions of John Street are transformed into continuous ground surfaces that encourage pedestrian circulation within the district, as well as the introduction of new spectacles. The new tiff. building situates itself along this continuous ground surface and extends up to the building’s edge and through laneways to an internal courtyard. The building reads as an incompatible cluster of skewed volumes with their own distinct function stacked on top of one another. The agitated and fragmented geometry of the building is developed through a series of governing lines and curves which sets themselves within the Cartesian grid of the city at irregular angles. These volumes are wrapped in a variety of opaque, transparent and translucent materials that frame views of events on the street, in the neighbourhood, and in the city. This thesis of discourse and design will be of interest to all those wishing to understand heterotopias or ‘other places’ dedicated to spectacles.

Despite advances in image, video, and motion capture technologies, human interactions are frequently represented as line drawings. Intuitively, drawings provide a useful way of filtering complex, dynamic sequences to produce concise representations of interaction. They also make it possible to represent phenomena such as topic spaces, that do not have a concrete physical manifestation. However, the processes involved in producing these drawings, the advantages and limitations of line drawings as representations, and the implications of drawing as an analytic method have not previously been investigated. This thesis explores the use of drawings to represent human interaction and is informed by the prior experience and abilities of the investigator as a practising visual artist. It begins by discussing the drawing process and how it has been used to capture human activities. Key drawing techniques are identified and tested against an excerpt from an interaction between architects. A series of new drawings are constructed to depict one scene from this interaction, highlighting the contrasts between each drawing technique and their impact on the way shared spaces are represented. A second series of original drawings are produced exploring new ways of representing these spaces, leading to a proposal for a field-based approach that combines gesture paths, fields, and human figures to create a richer analytic representation. A protocol for using this approach to analyse video in practice is developed and evaluated though a sequence of three participatory workshops for researchers in human interaction. The results suggest that the field based process of drawing facilitates the production of spatially enriched graphical representations of qualitative spaces. The thesis concludes that the use of drawing to explore non-metric approaches to shared interactional space, has implications for research in human interaction, interaction design, clinical psychology, anthropology, and discourse analysis, and will find form in new new approaches to contemporary artistic practice.

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The functional connection between the building and the streetscape affects the city and its attractiveness. Stores located in shopping malls with their entrances facing internal walkways, creates segregation between the mall and the streetscape. This segregation implies that the shopping mall loses some of its attractiveness, which may result in a so-called Greyfield mall. The expression Greyfield mall is used for shopping malls that have lost its visitors. Competition from new modern malls and a lack of investments are examples of factors that influence the development of Greyfiled malls. To clarify the relationship between the building and the streetscape, Space syntax has been used. Space syntax can be explained as the order between the different spaces. A Space syntax analysis provides an intergration value that indicates how the streets are linked. The pupose of this paper is to investigate and develop methods that will increase the attractiveness of shopping centers and malls in danger of developing into, or already classified as Greyfield malls. Improvements to these sites contributes to a better urban environment. The question formulation has been focused on the streetscape- and building design, and the movement patterns of the visitors. The questions have been answered through literature studies within the areas of; Space syntax, Shared space and Greyfield malls. In addition, a new proposal for the design of the building and the surrounding streetscape has been done. Analyses using Depth map has been used in a case study of Rosengallerian. Rosengallerian is located in the center of the city Husqvarna and has potential to act as a gathering place for city residents. By using Shared space, Woonerf-streets and axial analyzes with Space syntax a new proposal for mall and its surroundings has been developed. The new proposal is based on the prioritation of the pedestrians instead of the motor traffic. The streets surrounding the shopping mall has been converted into walking-speed areas, where the streets have been given a more narrow character. These changes creates a more attractive environment for the pedestrians around the mall. The results of the studies shows that the problem mainly lies in the design of the building and the priorities of the surrounding street network. The planning and prioritations of a street network are important to city residents, when the traffic moves according to the terms of the pedestrians a center where people can move freely is created. The ability to move around freely along with the city's walkways being extended into the building means that people wants to come back to the shopping mall. The proposal increase the attractiveness of the shopping mall since people attracts other people. The conclusion is that the mall is to be seen as an individual building being fitted into the existing surrounding environment. The shopping mall should be a natural part of the city's movement pattern, but also allowed to stand out architecturally. / Den funktionella kontakten mellan byggnaden och gaturummet påverkar staden och dess attraktivitet. Butiker som är placerade i gallerior och som har sina entréer mot interna stråk skapar en segregation mellan gallerian och gaturummet. Denna segregering innebär att gallerian förlorar en del av sin attraktivitet, vilket kan resultera i en så kallad Greyfield mall. Uttrycket Greyfield mall används för gallerior som förlorat sina besökare. Konkurrensen från nya moderna gallerior samt brist på investeringar är exempel på faktorer som påverkar uppkomsten av Greyfield malls. För att klargöra sambandet mellan byggnaden och gaturumet har ”Space syntax” använts. Space syntax kan förklaras som ordningen mellan de olika rummen. En Space syntax-analys ger ett integrationsvärde som visar hur stadens gator hänger samman. Syftet med detta examensarbete är att undersöka och utveckla metoder för att öka attraktiviteten hos köpcentrum och gallerior som riskerar att utvecklas till, eller redan klassas som Greyfield malls. Förbättringar av dessa platser bidrar till en godare stadsmiljö. Frågeställningarna har inriktats på gatans och byggnadens utformning samt besökarnas rörelsemönster. Frågeställningarna har besvarats genom litteraturstudier inom områdena Space syntax, Shared space och Greyfield malls. Därtill har ett nytt förslag på utformning av gatunätet och byggnaden utförts. Analyser med hjälp av Depth map har gjorts i en fallstudie av Rosengallerian. Rosengallerian är placerad i Huskvarna centrum och har potential att fungera som en samlingspunkt för stadens invånare. Områdets nuvarande utformning gynnar biltrafiken vilket har resulterat i en nedprioritering av gångtrafikanterna. Med hjälp av; Shared space, Boone-gator och axialanalyser med Space syntax har ett nytt förslag för Rosengallerian och dess omgivning tagits fram. Förslaget bygger på att stadens gångtrafikanter istället prioriteras. Gatorna runt gallerian har omvandlats till gångfartsområde, där gatorna har fått en smalare karaktär. Dessa förändringar skapar en attraktivare miljö för gångtrafikanterna kring Rosengallerian. För att öppna upp gallerian har de ursprungliga gångarna inne i gallerian ändrats till två raka tvärgator igenom byggnaden som sammanbundits med den övriga staden. Resultatet av studierna visar att problemet huvudsakligen ligger i byggnadens utformning samt det omkringliggande gatunätets prioriteringar. Ett gatunäts planering och prioriteringar är av vikt för stadens invånare, då biltrafiken förflyttar sig på de gåendes villkor skapas ett centrum där människor kan röra sig fritt. Den fria rörelsen tillsammans med att stadens gator förlängs in i byggnaden medför att invånarna vill återkomma till gallerian. Förslagets förändringar ökar gallerians attraktivitet då människor attraherar andra människor. Slutsatsen är att gallerian skall ses som en enskild byggnad som skall passas in i den omkringliggande befintliga miljön. Gallerian bör vara en naturlig del av stadens rörelsemönster samtidigt som den gärna får markeras arkitektoniskt.

Sustainable Built Environments Senior Capstone / This case study examined the potential of creating collaborative co-working spaces at the University of Arizona. Through qualitative research on the effectiveness of co-working spaces already in place at three different universities across the nation, this study identified key features that could successfully be implemented at the University of Arizona. These features were a co-working space built around a student organization centered on collaboration and innovation. The latest in technological resources to aid in project execution and learning. Lastly, a partnership with a local makerspace providing students of all backgrounds and interests to collaboratively work on building physical items in a space they might not have had previous access to. While research was limited to university affiliated websites and articles on co-working spaces, scholarly articles on this specific subject where not found to further back conclusive findings and recommendations.

Conventional street design has given drivers priority over the street. This has resulted in overall declination of the public realm. This study explored the topic of shared space, defined as an approach in which the street is designed in a way that pedestrians, drivers and other street users have equal entitlement and priority throughout the entire space. The research draws upon the literature on shared space; and case studies comprised of secondary source descriptions, key-informant interviews and on-site observation. Ensuing findings suggested that vehicles were more willing to share the streetscape with pedestrians when vehicular speeds were reduced and there was integration between sidewalk and roadway. These findings led to development of a set of principles that informed recommendations for the conceptual redesign of Toronto’s Downtown Yonge Street as a shared space.

Shared Space är ett begrepp som har dykt upp allt mer i stadsplaneringen. Shared Space är ett koncept som syftar till att skapa attraktiva stadsrum genom att integrera olika trafikantgrupper på en gemensam yta. Integreringen av olika trafikslag ska bidra till ett samspel som ger lägre hastigheter och en ökad trafiksäkerhet, vilket även ska hjälpa stadsmiljön att bli och verka attraktiv för människan. När stadsmiljön blir attraktivare ska även fler människor få en vilja attvistas i dessa miljöer. Uppsatsen syftar till att undersöka hur konceptet Shared Space används och planeras för istadsplaneringen. Uppsatsen ämnar även att belysa hur konceptet fungerar i praktiken i stadsmiljön, specifikt för Karlstads tätort. Den baseras därför på tre olika platser i Karlstads tätort som är utformade enligt planeringskonceptet Shared Space. En fallstudie med innehållsanalyser, observationer samt intervjuer med tjänstepersoner på Karlstads kommun har genomförts för att komma fram till vad tanken med ytorna har varit, hur de fungerar i verkligheten samt om konceptets innehållande dimensioner. För att besvara och uppnå syftet har dessa tre frågeställningar legat till grund: Vad har Karlstads kommun haft för visioner vid planeringen av Shared Space i stadsmiljön? Hur fungerar Shared Space ytorna i förhållande till visionerna? Hur anpassas Shared Space för att förena attraktivitet för människan och en trygg och fungerande trafikmiljö? Det teoretiska ramverket visar på uppsatsens vetenskapliga förankring och redogör till stor del om Jane Jacobs och Jan Gehl tankar kring stadsplaneringens utveckling. Planeringen har anpassat samhället utifrån bilen och dess behov under en lång period och har därför påverkat det offentliga rummet och dess funktion. Den mänskliga dimensionen har inte tagits i beaktande, vilket har resulterat i offentliga rum där människor inte känner attraktivitet, trivsel och en tillhörighet. Shared Space är en slags motreaktion för att ge tillbaka det offentliga rummet till människan igen, genom att bilen ska vara gästen i staden. Resultatet och analysen visar att Shared Space ytorna i Karlstads tätort skiljer sig åt mellan vad visionerna med dem var och hur de fungerar och används i verkligheten. Visionerna fokuserar mer på attraktionen gällande att få människor att vilja vistas i Shared Space miljöerna och har därför generellt lite mindre fokus på trafiken. Verkligheten visar dock att genomfartstrafiken är stor för alla de tre platserna och att vistelse inte förekommer i lika hög grad. Slutligen visar analysen att det kan vara svårt att skapa platser som både fungerar bra och tryggt trafikmässigt, samtidigt som platserna ska agera som attraktiva för uppehåll och vistelse.