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Orientadores: Leda Maria Caira Gitahy, André Tosi Furtado / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T11:36:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jesus_ClaudianaGuedesde_D.pdf: 1735646 bytes, checksum: 5452a2f6e2b38436d737c63fe329fc7c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Esta tese discute as transformações ocorridas na indústria da construção naval brasileira, no período 1997 a 2012, com foco na tecnologia e no mercado de trabalho. O período da retomada das atividades da indústria de construção naval brasileira teve início na década de 1990 com políticas de apoio ao desenvolvimento da indústria, a ampliação e implantação de novos estaleiros, especialmente com a garantia de demanda pelos armadores Transpetro/Petrobras e subsídios de financiamento desembolsados Fundo de Marinha Mercante - FMM e foi acompanhada pelo aumento do volume de emprego. Foi possível verificar que ocorreram grandes investimentos, especialmente nos estados do Nordeste. Na análise da cadeia produtiva naval brasileira, destacamos a jusante, os fornecedores, especialmente indústria de navipeças e siderúrgica, escritórios de projetos e, a montante, os armadores, as sociedades classificadoras e certificadoras e o papel do Estado e instituições representativas do setor. Os centros de tecnologia e as redes de pesquisa e inovação formadas por atores da indústria foram fundamentais na retomada da indústria no país, destaca-se o CENPES/Petrobras, COPPE/UFRJ e o CNAVAL/IPT, além das redes CEENO e RICINO. As expectativas com a exploração de petróleo da camada do pré-sal elevam as projeções da carteira de encomendas e corroboram com a efetiva garantia das demandas da Petrobras/Transpetro. Verifica-se uma situação que configura, para os próximos anos, uma nova fase da indústria no país, para "além da retomada", com efetiva existência de uma indústria de construção naval que responda as demandas domésticas com menor dependência da tecnologia externa / Abstract: The thesis analyzes transformations in the Brazilian shipbuilding industry in the period 1997 to 2012 focusing technology and labor market. Renewed activity for Brazilian shipbuilding began in the 1990s in response to sector development support policies accompanied by the expansion of existing shipyards and the implementation of new ones in the light of a guaranteed demand stemming from the transport subsidiary of Petrobras, Transpetro, and subsidized financing provided by the Brazilian Merchant Navy Fund (Fundo de Marinha Mercante - FMM). Research revealed that huge investments were made, especially in states in the Brazilian northeast macro-region. The analysis of the Brazilian shipbuilding production chain highlights, in downstream, steel and ship parts and fittings suppliers and, in upstream, naval architects and design offices, ship owners and naval certifiers and classifiers as well as the role played by the state and other institutions representative of the sector. Research and technology centers and innovation networks have played a vital in the industry's revival in Brazil, outstanding among them being the CENPES/Petrobras, COPPE/UFRJ and the CNAVAL/IPT, as well as the CEENO and RICINO networks. Expectations surrounding the exploration of petroleum deposits in the pre-salt formations alongside the effective guarantee of demands from the Petrobras/Transpetro have boosted orders. That set of factors ushers in a new phase for the industry in Brazil, going beyond a mere revival to the confirmation of the existence of a shipbuilding industry in the country that fully meets domestic demand and is less dependent on external technology / Doutorado / Politica Cientifica e Tecnologica / Doutora em Política Científica e Tecnológica

With the Great Depression on one side and prosperity on the other, historians of World War II have debated its effects on American society and have asked if it represented a watershed moment. While the war clearly disrupted American life and opened new opportunities for many, its role as a transformative event remains contested. This examination of the Tampa shipyards utilizes the theoretical and methodological lenses of social history to facilitate an analysis based on a chronological approach. This analysis centers on the situation in Tampa before, during, and after World War II, and in doing so it assesses the historiographical question of the existence of watershed moments, at a micro-scale level, on the shipyards within Tampa, Florida, during World War II.

The part played by warshipbuilding in sustaining the Clyde shipbuilding industry between 1889 and 1939 has received less attention than it deserves. Only a minority of firms undertook warshipbuilding in peacetime but they included some of the leading shipyards an the Clyde. This study, based on a detailed examination of accounts and cost records, shows that naval work was of critical importance for these firms from the 1890's onwards. All of the firms which took advantage of the expansion in the demand for warships in the 1890's were in financial difficulties and profitable naval contracts were largely responsible for reviving their fortunes. From then until the outbreak of the First World War in 1914, naval work constituted a major part of their output and the most profitable part of it. By 19149 all of the warshipbuilders had expanded their capacity and provided expensive new facilities largely an the strength of the demand for warships and the three biggest yards were owned by armaments manufacturers who were primarily interested in shipyards for their warshipbuilding capability. After the war, the demand for armaments contracted and the warshipbuilders were faced with the problem of finding profitable employment for capacity designed for building warships and warship engines. This proved to be impossible and the relative dearth of naval contracts in the 1920's and early 1930's was the primary cause of the severe financial difficulties in which they found themselves when the onset of the world financial crisis in 1931 brought merchant shipbuilding to a standstill. Only Beardmore's succumbed but, had rearmament not been in the offing, it is doubtful if many of the warshipbuilding yards would have survived the ensuing crisis. As it was the survivors regained their financial stability by 1939 only because of the revival in the demand for warships.

A indústria de construção naval é competitiva a nível mundial e os principais estaleiros procuram reduzir os seus custos de modo a oferecerem preços atraentes aos clientes, em geral armadores. Redução de custos pode ser alcançada através da constante eliminação de desperdícios aplicando uma filosofia gerencial que é a Mentalidade Enxuta (Lean Thinking). Esta filosofia iniciou em uma indústria automotiva (Toyota Motor Corporation) e hoje é aplicada em diversas áreas tais como construção civil, mecânica, aeronáutica, química, elétrica, alimentícia, farmacêutica, médica e serviços. No caso do Brasil, há várias indústrias procurando adotar a filosofia enxuta nos seus processos produtivos. Nesta dissertação procura-se explorar o potencial de aplicação desta filosofia em estaleiros. Para a avaliação, foi realizado um estudo de casos múltiplos em estaleiros brasileiros, inclusive de diferentes tamanhos e segmentos, aço e fibra. As análises tiveram como base um modelo proposto da filosofia Lean para a indústria naval, onde os casos são avaliados segundo determinados elementos. O objetivo é orientar os estaleiros em relação às oportunidades de redução de custos e tempo de fabricação, com aumento da qualidade e consequente maior satisfação do cliente. / The shipbuilding industry is very competitive at a global level and the major shipyards are searching ways to reduce their costs in order to offer attractive prices to the shipowners. Cost reduction can be achieved through the constant reduction of waste applying a managerial philosophy that is known as Lean Thinking. This philosophy was initiated by an automotive industry (Toyota Motor Corporation) and today is applied in many industries such as civil construction, mechanics, aeronautics, chemical, electric, food, pharmaceutical, medical and services. In Brazil many industries are implementing the Lean Thinking philosophy in their productive processes. In this thesis the potential of the application of this philosophy is explored in shipyards. For the evaluation a multiple-case study was carried out in Brazilian shipyards, of different sizes and segments, steel and fiber. The analyses had as a base a proposed model for Lean in shipbuilding, where the cases are evaluated under determined elements. The objective is to guide shipbuilders in relation to the opportunities to reduce cost and construction time, with greater quality and consequently greater customer satisfaction.

Thesis (M.A.)--East Carolina University, 2009. / Presented to the faculty of the Department of History. Advisor: Lawrence Babits. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [125]-136). Also available via the World Wide Web. Adobe reader required.

A indústria de construção naval é competitiva a nível mundial e os principais estaleiros procuram reduzir os seus custos de modo a oferecerem preços atraentes aos clientes, em geral armadores. Redução de custos pode ser alcançada através da constante eliminação de desperdícios aplicando uma filosofia gerencial que é a Mentalidade Enxuta (Lean Thinking). Esta filosofia iniciou em uma indústria automotiva (Toyota Motor Corporation) e hoje é aplicada em diversas áreas tais como construção civil, mecânica, aeronáutica, química, elétrica, alimentícia, farmacêutica, médica e serviços. No caso do Brasil, há várias indústrias procurando adotar a filosofia enxuta nos seus processos produtivos. Nesta dissertação procura-se explorar o potencial de aplicação desta filosofia em estaleiros. Para a avaliação, foi realizado um estudo de casos múltiplos em estaleiros brasileiros, inclusive de diferentes tamanhos e segmentos, aço e fibra. As análises tiveram como base um modelo proposto da filosofia Lean para a indústria naval, onde os casos são avaliados segundo determinados elementos. O objetivo é orientar os estaleiros em relação às oportunidades de redução de custos e tempo de fabricação, com aumento da qualidade e consequente maior satisfação do cliente. / The shipbuilding industry is very competitive at a global level and the major shipyards are searching ways to reduce their costs in order to offer attractive prices to the shipowners. Cost reduction can be achieved through the constant reduction of waste applying a managerial philosophy that is known as Lean Thinking. This philosophy was initiated by an automotive industry (Toyota Motor Corporation) and today is applied in many industries such as civil construction, mechanics, aeronautics, chemical, electric, food, pharmaceutical, medical and services. In Brazil many industries are implementing the Lean Thinking philosophy in their productive processes. In this thesis the potential of the application of this philosophy is explored in shipyards. For the evaluation a multiple-case study was carried out in Brazilian shipyards, of different sizes and segments, steel and fiber. The analyses had as a base a proposed model for Lean in shipbuilding, where the cases are evaluated under determined elements. The objective is to guide shipbuilders in relation to the opportunities to reduce cost and construction time, with greater quality and consequently greater customer satisfaction.

The research reported in this thesis is set within the context of Supply Chain Management within BAE SYSTEMS Naval Business. It explores issues and solutions concerning the optimisation of performance within an operating and business environment experiencing both internal and external pressures to adapt and manage change. This thesis commences with a review of the pertinent literature, identifying six gaps for the writer to address. This attracted a comparative study with two other service orientated industries. The comparison identified similarities and solution methodologies that would inform how best to approach the supply chain factors impacting upon the Naval Defence Industry. Utilising both qualitative and quantitative techniques, the research then progressed to examine the peculiarities of the company's supply chain. Through triangulation, the thesis generated conclusions both from a research and management perspective that were impacting the business. The main focus of this thesis, and thus its contribution to knowledge through addressing the six gaps, is based on how culture, collaboration and change are managed within complex supply chain environments. Through this research, the writer has derived theoretical models and approaches on how one may best address and manage performance driven supply chain initiatives within both the naval defence business and similarly complex service orientated industries.

A Level I code format is proposed for the buckling design of ring-stiffened cylindrical shells under external pressure. Depth independent partial safety factors to be applied to the resistance (collapse pressures), are proposed for the four relevant collapse modes (Interframe Shell Collapse, Frame Yield, Plate Yield and Frame Tripping), covering design and fabrication factors. A partial safety factor to be applied to the load (external pressure), and varying with the design pressure and the maximum expected overdiving, is proposed to cover operational factors. For deep diving vessels or in cases in which the risk of overdiving is not relevant, it is proposed that the overall safety factors used in design may be smaller than those presently recommended. In order to obtain such partial safety factors, different aspects of strength modelling and Structural Reliability had to be addressed. On the strength modelling side, the work was focused on the frame collapse modes. Seventy two experimental results were compiled, corresponding to machined models failing by elastic General Instability. Finite Element (FE) meshes were validated in view of mesh studies and experimental results and further used in parametric studies. The effect of boundary conditions on the elastic General Instability pressure Pn was investigated in view of both experiments and results of the FE models. Statistical properties were obtained for the model uncertainty associated with Pn. Thirty five experimental results were compiled corresponding to welded models failing by General Instability. FE models were validated in view of the most relevant of these experiments as well as in view of other numerical results found in the literature.

Following extensive development over the past two decades, techniques of inverse simulation have led to a range of successful applications, mainly in the fields of helicopter flight mechanics, aircraft handling qualities and associated issues in terms of model validation. However, the available methods still have some well-known limitations. The traditional methods based on the Newton-Raphson algorithm suffer from numerical problems such as high-frequency oscillations and can have limitations in their applicability due to problems of input-output redundancy. The existing approaches may also show a phenomenon which has been termed “constraint oscillations” which leads to low-frequency oscillatory behaviour in the inverse solutions. Moreover, the need for derivative information may limit their applicability for situations involving manoeuvre discontinuities, model discontinuities or input constraints. Two new methods are developed to overcome these issues. The first one, based on sensitivity-analysis theory, allows the Jacobian matrix to be calculated by solving a sensitivity equation and also overcomes problems of input-output redundancy. In addition, it can improve the accuracy of results compared with conventional methods and can deal with the problem of high-frequency oscillations to some extent. The second one, based on a constrained Nelder-Mead search-based optimisation algorithm, is completely derivative-free algorithm for inverse simulation. This approach eliminates problems which make traditional inverse simulation techniques difficult to apply in control applications involving discontinuous issues such as actuator amplitude or rate limits. This thesis also offers new insight into the relationship between mathematically based techniques of model inversion and the inverse simulation approach. The similarities and shortcomings of both these methodologies are explored. The findings point to the possibility that inverse simulation can be used successfully within the control system design process for feedforward controllers for model-based output-tracking control system structures. This avoids the more complicated and relatively tedious techniques of model inversion which have been used in the past for feedforward controller design. The methods of inverse simulation presented in this thesis have been applied to a number of problems which are concerned mainly with helicopter and ship control problems and include cases involving systems having nonminimum-phase characteristics. The analysis of results for these practical applications shows that the approaches developed and presented in this thesis are of practical importance. It is believed that these developments form a useful step in moving inverse simulation methods from the status of an academic research topic to a practical and robust set of tools for engineering system design.