My diploma thesis depends on form of traditional hanging picture. The theme of "unstable images" I tried to complete in three cycles Špalky, Kaktusy and Čaje. I filled them with two narrative paintings Kardinálové and one solo piece Acaccia hand. I'm trying to find a shape of the subject matter that would fill the picture significance of such a character that display that object could become replaceable.

Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Statistics / Gary L. Gadbury / Multiple testing research has undergone renewed focus in recent years as advances in high throughput technologies have produced data on unprecedented scales. Much of the focus has been on false discovery rates (FDR) and related quantities that are estimated (or controlled for) in large scale multiple testing situations. Recent papers by Efron have directly addressed this issue and incorporated measures to account for high-dimensional correlation structure when estimating false discovery rates and when estimating a density. Other authors also have proposed methods to control or estimate FDR under dependencies with certain assumptions. However, not much focus is given to the stability of the results obtained under dependencies in the literature. This work begins by demonstrating the effect of dependence structure on the variance of the number of discoveries and the false discovery proportion (FDP). A variance of the number of discoveries is shown and the density of a test statistic, conditioned on the status (reject or failure to reject) of a different correlated test, is derived. A closed form solution to the correlation between test statistics is also derived. This correlation is a combination of correlations and variances of the data within groups being compared. It is shown that these correlations among the test statistics affect the conditional density and alters the threshold for significance of a correlated test, causing instability in the results. The concept of performing tests within networks, Conditional Network Testing (CNT) is introduced. This method is based on the conditional density mentioned above and uses the correlation between test statistics to construct networks. A method to simulate realistic data with preserved dependence structures is also presented. CNT is evaluated using simple simulations and the proposed simulation method. In addition, existing methods that controls false discovery rates are used on t-tests and CNT for comparing performance. It was shown that the false discovery proportion and type I error proportions are smaller when using CNT versus using t-tests and, in general, results are more stable when applied to CNT. Finally, applications and steps to further improve CNT are discussed.

Esta dissertação objetiva (1) propor uma perspectiva de análise da música que parte das teses fundantes dos conceitos de intertextualidade, intersemiótica e significância e (2) analisar as músicas sampleadas que constituem o corpus por seus processos de significância. Para tanto, retoma, no capítulo 2, as pesquisas linguísticas e literárias que, desde Bakhtin, apontam para a análise de um texto por sua relação com outros textos da cultura e da história, problematizando o caso da música, que também parece passível de análise em um campo intertextual, e que não se limita, porém, à dimensão verbal. Propõe, portanto, uma primeira passagem: da intertextualidade em sentido estrito à noção de intersemiótica, pela qual é possível pensar também as traduções entre linguagens e sistemas de signos distintos. Revisa autores que pensaram a questão da tradução intersemiótica, partindo de Jakobson, Peirce e Plaza e chegando às teorias das materialidades da comunicação que remetem os fenômenos de significação às redes (midiático-ambientais, no caso de McLuhan, e tecno-discursivas, no caso de Kittler) no seio das quais seu sentido é produzido, e que concebemos como um campo intersemiótico. A significação, desta perspectiva, não se reduz a uma transmissão de sentido, mas é trabalhada por diferentes instâncias semióticas e tecnológicas, em um atravessamento que, da perspectiva pós-estruturalista de Barthes e Kristeva, aponta para a fundação e para a disseminação do sentido em um movimento de significância. Este conceito implica uma segunda passagem: dos estudos do sentido ao pré-sentido, opondo um aspecto fenotextual (estruturado e codificado) a um genotextual (que diferencia as estruturalidades e códigos da comunicação). O capítulo 3, em que este referencial teórico é articulado com nosso objeto de pesquisa, propõe pensar o conceito de sampleamento por uma lógica de disseminação e significância, uma vez que a música sampleada não se limita a sua fabricação intertextual, mas convoca redes intersemióticas em um desenrolar da significação que passa pela apreciação coletiva (principalmente na internet) com seus diferentes interpretantes: repercussão, comentários, críticas, produções de novos materiais a partir das músicas analisadas, e, principalmente, a investigação coletiva dos trechos utilizados em cada música (sample hunting). Neste sentido, é proposta uma torsão do conceito de genotexto no rumo de uma genomusicalidade, que problematiza a fenomusicalidade codificada do ouvir ao instituir novos funcionamentos na comunicação musical. No capítulo 4, é apresentada a metodologia de análise, que se apropria dos pensadores já indicados e também de outros que oferecem semióticas da significação da música (Tatit, Schafer, Tagg) para que, passando por um roteiro de três níveis (intratextual, intersemiótico e diagramático), se possa indicar o tipo de significância em que se processa a significação das cinco músicas que compõem nosso corpus. Quatro delas são do gruopo australiano The Avalanches, que trabalha exclusivamente com música sampleada, e uma de Caetano Veloso, que utiliza o mesmo procedimento em seu Rap Popcreto. Como resultado, chega a cinco diagramas diferentes que dão a ver percursos genomusicais específicos que instauram novos tipos de comunicação: para além do ouvir, surge um germinar, um desvelar, um desenrolar, um recriar e um instituir como práticas que só se apresentam na expansão da análise intratextual da música por um campo intertextual e intersemiótico de materiais. / This work seeks (1) to propose a perspective of music analysis based on the foundational theses of the concepts of intertextuality, intersemiotics and signifiance and (2) to analyze the sampled songs that constitute our corpus in terms of this signifiance. To do so, it revises, in chapter 2, the linguistic and literary researches that, since Bakhtin, point towards the analysis of a text through its relations with other texts (which constitute culture and history), and problematize the case of music, which also seems able to be analyzed in an intertextual field of research, and which is not limited, however, to the verbal dimension. It proposes, therefore, a first passage: from intertextuality in its strict sense towards the notion of intersemiotics, by which it is possible to also think about the translations between distinct languages and systems of signs. It revises authors that thought about the question of intersemiotic translation, from Jakobson and Peirce to Plaza, and arrives at the theories of the materialities of communication that remit the signification phenomena to the networks (of media environments, with McLuhan, and techno-discursivities, with Kittler) in which sense is produced, and which we conceive of as intersemiotic fields. Signification, here, is not reducible to a transmission of signifieds: it is worked by different semiotic and technological instances, in a crossing that, from the post-structuralist point of view of Barthes and Kristeva, indicates the foundation and dissemination of sense in a movement of signifiance. This concept implies a second passage: from studies of sense to those of pre-sense, opposing a phenotextual (structured and codified) aspect to a genotextual aspect (which differentiates the structuralities and codes of communication). Chapter 3, in which this theoretical references are articulated with our object of research, proposes to think about the concept of sampling through a logic of dissemination and significance, once sampled music does not limit itself to a intertextual fabrication. Instead it convokes intersemiotic networks in a development of signification that goes through the collective appreciation (mainly online) that generates a series of different interpretants: repercussion, commentaries, critiques, production of new materials based on the analyzed songs and, primarily, the collective research of the samples used in each song (sample hunting). In this sense, a torsion is proposed to the concept of genotext towards a genomusicality, which problematizes the codified phenomusicality of the ‘to listen’ by instituting new operations in musical communication. The fourth chapter presents the analytical methodology, which stems from the already mentioned authors and also others which offer signification models of music (Tatit, Schafer, Tagg) so that, going through an itinerary of three levels (intratextual, intersemiotic and diagrammatic), we can indicate the types of significance that processes the signification of the five pieces of music which constitute our corpus. Four of them are by the australian group The Avalanches, that works exclusively with sampled music, and one by Caetano Veloso, who utilizes the same procedure in his Rap Popcreto. As conclusions, the work arrives at five different diagrams which present specific genomusical routes that install new types of communication: beyond the ‘to listen’, there emerge a ‘to germinate’, a ‘to unveil’, a ‘to uncoil’, a ‘to recreate’ and a ‘to institute’ as practices that only present themselves through the expansion of the intratextual analysis of music in a intertextual and intersemiotic field of materials.

Multiple myeloma is a malignant bone marrow plasma cell tumor which is responsible for approximately 12,000 deaths per year in the United States and two percent of all cancer deaths. It is recognized clinically by the presence of more than ten percent bone marrow plasma cells, the detection of a monoclonal protein (M-protein), anemia, hypercalcemia, renal insufficiency, and lytic bone lesions. The disease is usually preceded by a premalignant tumor called monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), which is present in one percent of adults over the age of fifty, three percent over the age of seventy and ten percent of those in the tenth decade. MGUS is also recognized by the detection of M-protein, but with less than ten percent bone marrow plasma cells and without the other features exhibited by myeloma. The majority of MGUS patients remain stable for long periods without ever developing myeloma. Only a small percentage of patients with MGUS eventually develop multiple myeloma. However, the reason for this is not yet known. Once the myeloma stage is reached, a sequence of well-understood mutational evets eventually lead to the escape of the tumor from the control of the immune system. We propose a mathematical model of tumor-immune system interactions at the onset of the disease in an effort to better understand the early events that take place and their influence on the outcome of the disease. The model is calibrated with parameter values obtained from available data and we study the resulting dynamics. Next, we study how the behavior of the system is affected as parameters are varied. Finally, we interpret the results and draw some conclusions.

Although stereolithography (SL) is a remarkable improvement over conventional prototyping production, it is being pushed aggressively for improvements in both speed and resolution. However, it is not clear currently how these two features can be improved simultaneously and what the limits are for such optimization. In order to address this issue a quantitative SL cure process model is developed which takes into account all the sub-processes involved in SL: exposure, photoinitiation, photopolymerizaion, mass and heat transfer. To parameterize the model, the thermal and physical properties of a model compound system, ethoxylated (4) pentaerythritol tetraacrylate (E4PETeA) with 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone (DMPA) as initiator, are determined. The free radical photopolymerization kinetics is also characterized by differential photocalorimetry (DPC) and a comprehensive kinetic model parameterized for the model material. The SL process model is then solved using the finite element method in the software package, FEMLAB, and validated by the capability of predicting fabricated part dimensions. The SL cure process model, also referred to as the degree of cure (DOC) threshold model, simulates the cure behavior during the SL fabrication process, and provides insight into the part building mechanisms. It predicts the cured part dimension within 25% error, while the prediction error of the exposure threshold model currently utilized in SL industry is up to 50%. The DOC threshold model has been used to investigate the effects of material and process parameters on the SL performance properties, such as resolution, speed, maximum temperature rise in the resin bath, and maximum DOC of the green part. The effective factors are identified and parameter optimization is performed, which also provides guidelines for SL material development as well as process and laser improvement.

Specifying a prior distribution for the large number of parameters in the linear statistical model is a difficult step in the Bayesian approach to the design and analysis of experiments. Here we address this difficulty by proposing the use of functional priors and then by working out important details for three and higher level experiments. One of the challenges presented by higher level experiments is that a factor can be either qualitative or quantitative. We propose appropriate correlation functions and coding schemes so that the prior distribution is simple and the results easily interpretable. The prior incorporates well known experimental design principles such as effect hierarchy and effect heredity, which helps to automatically resolve the aliasing problems experienced in fractional designs. The second part of the thesis focuses on the analysis of optimization experiments. Not uncommon are designed experiments with their primary purpose being to determine optimal settings for all of the factors in some predetermined set. Here we distinguish between the two concepts of statistical significance and practical significance. We perform estimation via an empirical Bayes data analysis methodology that has been detailed in the recent literature. But then propose an alternative to the usual next step in determining optimal factor level settings. Instead of implementing variable or model selection techniques, we propose an objective function that assists in our goal of finding the ideal settings for all factors over which we experimented. The usefulness of the new approach is illustrated through the analysis of some real experiments as well as simulation.

Abstract As for the biotechnology industry development had constructed the basis of favorable environment in Taiwan, government gives fresh impetus to biotechnology industry in recent years. The Executive Yuan established ¡§Bio Taiwan Commission (BTC)¡¨ on 2004. For the purpose of strengthen the development blueprint of biotechnology industry; the BTC belong to the rank of national policy. The government shows its determination to develop this new and developing industry by marking biotechnology industry as priority event on biotechnology industry strategy convention in latest 5 years and ¡§The challenge to year 2008 nation development significant plan¡¨. The management problems, which are brought with this new and developing industry, needs to be resolved one by one. This study focus on biotechnology industry, which is high risk long-term development, huge money investment on research and development, people¡¦s conservative investment attitude¡Ketc characters. The purpose of this study is not only to establish an valid assessment dimensions and assessment items on investment evaluation of venture capital; but also that in order to reduce the risk of investment. This study not only examines the investment evaluation standard on starting enterprises in the past but also generalizes overall assessment dimensions based on characters of biotechnology industry. The overall assessment dimensions are: management team; product technology; market size and marketing; financial management and patent. The study also includes individual assessment items and discussion of significance level. These assessment items include team competency; social experience; product features; product technology and manufacture; marketing access; financial forecast rationality; capital requirements; patent layout and contract¡Ketc. The result demonstrate that investment manager insist on attention significance level from these items analysis. This research method is based on questionnaires and in-depth interview, which establish appropriate investment standard on biotechnology industry. The research outcome shows management team is first priority on overall assessment dimensions. This research explain goal-oriented; management ability in a team; product life cycle; critical technology; marketing access; capital expenditure; stock price rationality; patent range and related party transactions that are first tier on significance level. These studies reveal that investors focus on what evaluation factor is import and provide for a reference to fund-raising of biotechnology companies in the future. Key words: venture capital, investment evaluation, assessment dimensions, assessment items, significance level

This paper introduces a dynamic model to illustrate how the self, the work, and the environment interactively influence the experience of work meaningfulness during the employment period. While individuals might enter an organization with intent to improve or protect others¡¦ well-being, their perceived degree of work meaningfulness might be strengthened or weakened within jobs. Other factors from their work and the environment could come into play. Specifically, the proposed model presents how the interplay between prosocial motivation, perceived task significance, and perceived external prestige of an organization affect the experienced meaningfulness of work jointly. This paper tests the model by surveying employees from the high-tech sector and the police sector using the questionnaire method. The results show that individuals who have prosocial motivation indeed experience a sense of work meaningfulness initially. Even when individuals are prosocially motivated, the perceived external prestige of their organizations positively affects their experience in meaningfulness of work. Furthermore, the perceived level of task significance of one¡¦s work overpowers the existing prosocial motivation when it comes to altering the perception of work meaningfulness. The findings indicate that factors from different dimensions could alter the experienced meaningfulness of work together, and the relation between prosocial motivation and work meaningfulness is dynamic.

ABSTRACT This research is an investigation into the relationship between the resegregation of American public schools and the social creation of race. This research is based on the popular notion that American public schools are failing to produce students capable of competing in today's global society. The proof most often used to assert the failure of American public schools is the Black/White Test Score Gap. For the purposes of this research the Black/White Test Score Gap is defined as the gap between the scores on academic standardized tests between Black public school students and White public school students regardless of which government agency administered the test. Also within this research the Black/White Test score gap will be used synonymously with the term achievement gap. The most widely accepted hypothesis for the existence of the Black/White Test Score Gap is the segregation of public schools based on race. The United States has had a long history of the racial domination of Black people and public schools have been a widely used tool in that domination. The segregation of Black people into public schools that are incapable of producing a quality of education sufficient enough to enable its students to compete in the global marketplace has been a problem for the American government. My research will demonstrate that this problem exists because many public schools contain high levels of individuals experiencing extreme levels of poverty, this fact is in contrast to the widely held notion that segregation based on race is the most significant factor in predicting the achievement gap in American schools. In this research I will investigate the social construction of race in the United States. This investigation is done to demonstrate why race is not the best predictor of the achievement gap in the United States. My hypothesis, in this research, is that once the social construction of race is exposed the premise that race is the best predictor of the Black/White Test Score Gap wills diminish because that social construction is unreliable for use in policy formation and scientific research. More specifically I propose that the best predictor for the aforementioned relationship is not race but class. The segregation of Black public school students into school districts which contain significant levels of students that are poor is much more significantly associated with the Black/White Test Score Gap than the fact that these students attend schools that are predominately Black in the United States.

Syftet med arbetet har varit att undersöka förskolechefens påverkan på förskolans pedagoger, i deras arbete med att uppfylla läroplanens mål (lpfö98) inom naturvetenskap. I förskolans reviderade läroplan (2010) har naturvetenskapens roll förstärkts och det finns ett antal mål som ska uppfyllas. Undersökningen har genomförts med hjälp av intervjuer med förskolechefer och genom att pedagoger har besvarat enkäter. Av resultatet framgår det, att förskolechefen är med och påverkar pedagogerna genom bland annat sin närvaro, diskussioner och kompetensutveckling. Detta sker då i olika omfattning beroende på hur nära de har till pedagogerna i förskolan. Pedagogerna som har sin förskolechef på plats i verksamheten anser sig ha ett större stöd av sin förskolechef och de får med det en mer diskuterande miljö på den förskolan. Kompentensutveckling är något som både förskolechefer och pedagoger ser som en viktig del, för att målen inom naturvetenskap ska uppnås på bästa sätt. / Thepurpose of the study has been to investigate the impact that the preschool’sleaders have on the educators and the educator’s work regarding meeting thenational curriculums (lpfö98) goals in the area of the natural sciences. In therevised curriculum (2010) the role of natural science has been emphasized, andthere are a number of goals to attain. The study has been conducted throughinterviews with leaders of preschools and by written questionnaires answered byeducators. The result of the study is that the leaders of the preschools havean impact on the educators, among other things through their presence, byinitiating discussions and by further developing the educator’s competences.This takes place in varying degrees, depending on where the leaders have theiroffices in relation to the educators workplace. The educators which have theirleader on place feel that they have a greater amount of support by theirleader, and the environment overall is one of open discussion. Developingcompetences is something that both leaders and educators saw as essential, inorder for the goals of natural science to be achieved in the best mannerpossible.