För att undersöka vad medveten närvaro kan betyda i dialektisk beteendeterapi (DBT) meningskoncentrerades nio intervjuer. Medveten närvaro hade en positiv betydelse för samtliga deltagare. Det centrala för deltagarna var färdigheterna observera och en sak i taget. Färdigheterna hjälpte patienterna att stanna upp i ett negativt händelseförlopp. Behandlarna menade att medveten närvaro hjälpte vid stressrelaterade situationer. Samtliga deltagare underströk betydelsen av färdighetsträningen i grupp och praktiska övningar. Det fanns ett tydligt behov av att förenkla teorin kring medveten närvaro i DBT samt att medveten närvaro behövde få ett större utrymme. Om medveten närvaro kan hjälpa patienter i DBT att stanna upp i ett destruktivt händelseförlopp så är det en verkan av stor betydelse för patienterna såväl som för anhöriga och sjukvården.

Scholars do not deny that the piiwhiri involves musical movements, but few sources adequately emphasize how intimately the piiwhiri and music are intertwined. Instead of defending a position that has not been directly challenged, but rather skimmed over, this thesis aims to define the what, how, and why questions surrounding the inseparable relationship between music and the powhiri. The goals are to pinpoint the role music plays in the Maori powhiri ceremony and to recognize that the ceremony itself would lose its effectiveness without the use of Maori music

The purpose of this study in the psychology of religion is to explore the process of an individual’s shift in orienting system, from a religious to an atheistic. The materials used are autobiographical accounts obtained from two books. One that has been used as a primary source and one as a secondary. By using Rambo’s process oriented theory of religious conversion relevant themes and categories were chosen and later subjected to further analysis using Pargament’s theory of religion and coping. In the first stage analysis themes and categories were chosen according to Rambo’s seven stages of conversion. In the second stage Pargament’s theory enabled an analysis of how the person’s means in different circumstances changed to reach certain important goals, significance. Results showed that the individual went through several of the stages and conversion motifs described by Rambo. In this process of conversion Pargament’s theory contributed to further explain the psychological transformation of the individual in each of these stages. Further research describing the process of an individual’s journey to atheism needs to be done and this paper might contribute to the understanding of this phenomena.

We introduce and explore an approach to estimating statisticalsignificance of classification accuracy, which is particularly usefulin scientific applications of machine learning where highdimensionality of the data and the small number of training examplesrender most standard convergence bounds too loose to yield ameaningful guarantee of the generalization ability of theclassifier. Instead, we estimate statistical significance of theobserved classification accuracy, or the likelihood of observing suchaccuracy by chance due to spurious correlations of thehigh-dimensional data patterns with the class labels in the giventraining set. We adopt permutation testing, a non-parametric techniquepreviously developed in classical statistics for hypothesis testing inthe generative setting (i.e., comparing two probabilitydistributions). We demonstrate the method on real examples fromneuroimaging studies and DNA microarray analysis and suggest atheoretical analysis of the procedure that relates the asymptoticbehavior of the test to the existing convergence bounds.

The thesis aims to determine the effectiveness of the Church of England’s (C. of E.) guidance for writing statements of significance. It examines the adoption of ‘significance’ as a system for deciding what elements of the historic environment should be conserved and in what way. The growing influence of significance-theory will be examined along with the emerging practice of defining significance through the identification of multiple values. The question of who should be involved in the process of identifying significance will also be discussed in the context of the increasing importance of public engagement both politically in the U.K. and in the international conservation world. The issues which make the C. of E. a separate case from the secular system of conservation will be examined including its separate system of building consent, different conservation principles, the particular issues surrounding historic buildings which remain in their original use and the C. of E.’s emphasis on voluntary, pubic involvement. The thesis uses St. John the Baptist, Plymtree a parish church in East Devon as a case study in order to test the effectiveness of the C. of E.’s current methodology for determining significance. Before this examination takes place the historic development of Plymtree church is examined in the context of the regional and national background. In addition to assessing the significance of Plymtree church according to the C. of E. methodology the church will also be appraised using three other methodologies for assessing significance; two secular methods and the Churches Conservation Trust methodology. The results of these four appraisals will then be analysed for their strengths and weaknesses and a new methodology created which reflects these results.

The primary aim of this study was to determine who claims the corbelled buildings in the Karoo as their heritage and why. Through the use of vernacular architecture and heritage identification theory, interviews and research it is clear that the buildings are significant and a heritage resource. Their significance lies in their historical, social, aesthetic, symbolic and cultural values, as well as their unique vernacular construction and limited distribution. The corbelled buildings as vernacular buildings are part of the natural landscape which the local community associate as part of their identity and heritage. The buildings also possess academic and historical potential as they have the potential through further archaeological and vernacular architectural research, to provide more information on the northern frontier during the late 18th and early 19th centuries, a time that is not well recorded or documented. The buildings were built in 19th century along the ‘open’ northern frontier where there was intermingling and creolisation of people from different economic and social groups. As a result, they cannot be claimed by a single group of people in the present. The vast range in types and styles of corbelled buildings indicate that they were built by most people living in the area. They can therefore, be claimed by everyone who lives in the area today. They can also be claimed as national heritage as they possess values that are common to the whole country.

Significance and integrity are key concepts for archaeology, and how they are judged is determined by an archaeologist’s perceptions of disturbance. This thesis explicitly considers these concepts and how they relate to evolutionary theory and National Register eligibility. A site with known disturbance was chosen to determine whether it could be judged significant assuming that there was no disturbance. Controlled surface collection, magnetometer survey, excavation and landowner interview data were used to determine whether what made the site significant had been lost due to disturbance. The results indicate that the co-mingling of occupations in the plow zone normally would have prevented the site from being determined eligible. However, because of the clusters of Gulf Formational-period diagnostics and intact Early Archaic midden, the site was determined significant. If future work were to be performed, occupation-based work focusing on the artifact clusters and the Archaic midden is recommended.

In this paper I will address a puzzle about normative significance of gender terms. On the one hand, gender is tied to many normative judgments, and questions about gender make a difference in what one should do. On the other hand, everyday use of gender terms is in flux, and there is not a consensus among language speakers about their meaning. So, questions involving gender terms are in an important sense verbal and, thus, insubstantial. If there are multiple interpretations of a gender term, questions involving them would merely leave us in a dilemma and answering them cannot provide normative guidance. After exploring the puzzle that arises from this tension, I will discuss two possible solutions to it. / Master of Arts / Gender is a normative notion: Questions involving gender terms, such as "woman", guide one's actions and influence decision-making in everyday life situations. However, gender terms can carry multiple meanings in different contexts. This feature of these terms would make questions about them particularly hard to answer: There are situations where two opposing answers to the question are equally permissible. But that raises a tension: How can a question that does not have a unique answer make a difference in what should be done in any situation? In this paper I will address a puzzle that arises from this tension and will discuss two potential solutions.

Antibiotic resistant bacteria, a growing health crisis, arise due to antibiotic overuse and misuse. Resistant infections endanger the lives of patients and are financially burdensome. Aggregate antimicrobial susceptibility reports, called antibiograms, are critical for tracking antibiotic susceptibility and evaluating the likelihood of the effectiveness of different antibiotics to treat an infection prior to the availability of patient specific susceptibility data. This research leverages the Massachusetts Statewide Antibiogram database, a rich dataset composed of antibiograms for $754$ antibiotic-bacteria pairs collected by the Massachusetts Department of Public Health from $2002$ to $2016$. However, these antibiograms are at least a year old, meaning antibiotics are prescribed based on outdated data which unnecessarily furthers resistance. Our objective is to employ data science techniques on these antibiograms to assist in developing more responsible antibiotic prescription practices. First, we use model selectors with regression-based techniques to forecast the current antimicrobial resistance. Next, we develop an assistant to immediately identify clinically and statistically significant changes in antimicrobial resistance between years once the most recent year of antibiograms are collected. Lastly, we use k-means clustering on resistance trends to detect antibiotic-bacteria pairs with resistance trends for which forecasting will not be effective. These three strategies can be implemented to guide more responsible antibiotic prescription practices and thus reduce unnecessary increases in antibiotic resistance.

Antibiotic resistant bacteria, a growing health crisis, arise due to antibiotic overuse and misuse. Resistant infections endanger the lives of patients and are financially burdensome. Aggregate antimicrobial susceptibility reports, called antibiograms, are critical for tracking antibiotic susceptibility and evaluating the likelihood of the effectiveness of different antibiotics to treat an infection prior to the availability of patient specific susceptibility data. This research leverages the Massachusetts Statewide Antibiogram database, a rich dataset composed of antibiograms for $754$ antibiotic-bacteria pairs collected by the Massachusetts Department of Public Health from $2002$ to $2016$. However, these antibiograms are at least a year old, meaning antibiotics are prescribed based on outdated data which unnecessarily furthers resistance. Our objective is to employ data science techniques on these antibiograms to assist in developing more responsible antibiotic prescription practices. First, we use model selectors with regression-based techniques to forecast the current antimicrobial resistance. Next, we develop an assistant to immediately identify clinically and statistically significant changes in antimicrobial resistance between years once the most recent year of antibiograms are collected. Lastly, we use k-means clustering on resistance trends to detect antibiotic-bacteria pairs with resistance trends for which forecasting will not be effective. These three strategies can be implemented to guide more responsible antibiotic prescription practices and thus reduce unnecessary increases in antibiotic resistance.