The majority of contemporary structural materials consist of composites, each component of which has a particular purpose in a product. Each component of composites has its concrete destination in the product. Recently the employment of two-layer structural elements is increasing because these elements allow producing constructions of the required characteristics. The multilayer structural elements have been used ever wider and wider because that makes it possible to obtain structures. To analysis two-layer beam, it consists from isosceles angle and stuff: carbon plastic or glass plastic. • Isosceles angle GOST 8509-72 100x100x12, which resilience module E = 208GPa. • Carbon plastic and glass plastic stuff: which resilience modules E = 60GPa; E = 20GPa. In this job I calculate all most important parameters of influence of asymmetry for stiffness and strength of two-layer beam. And when all calculation I externalize in schedule. Also I make drawings how will spread normal strain in construction.  From made calculation I made schedule we can see what multilayer beam stiffness growing then growing: material resilience modules; distance between out side layer to neutral layer, because when growing middle layer, when changing cross-section inertial moment of beam, from which consist construction.  Multilayer constructions are more useful than smooth constructions, because it’s cheaper, not so heavy, but they can keep enough big stiffness and strength.

Šiuo metu medžiagų poreikis gamybai yra labai išaugęs.Todėl inžinieriai stengiasi atrasti vis naujų arba tobulesnių medžiagų. Daugiasluoksnės konstrukcijos įgauna vis didesnę paklausą, dėl savo savikainos ir pritaikymo galimybės.Naudojant šias medžiagas galima gauti norimas masės ir stiprumo konstrukcijas. Daugiasluoksniams konstrukciniams elementams gaminti naudojamos tokios medžiagos kaip:stiklo, boro, plastiko pluoštai ir t.t. Mes išanalizavome 6 metrų sijas iš dviejų medžiagų. Mes analizavome skirtingus skerspjūvius ir skirtingus sluoksnių storius, paskaičiavome skerspjūvių stiprumą ir standumą. Taip pat analizavome racionalių sijų pranašumus. Nustatyta kurie skerspjūviai yra pranašiausi. Taip pat nustatyta, kad racionalios sijos yra pranašesnės už vientiso skerspjūvio. Gavome, kad racionalios sijos yra pigesnės iki 30 procentų. / Dolieba M. Influence of analysis of Strength and Stiffness of Two- Ply Beam: Master thesis of mechanical engineer / research advisor Assoc. Prof. habil. Dr. J. Bareišis; Šiauliai University, Technological Faculty, Mechanical Engineering Department.- Šiauliai, 2007. Materials for construction needful more and more. Engineers trying to get more perfection materials. Multiplayer construction is very popular at this time, because it is cheaper, we can reduce the weight and the forse. Different products and constructions elements using multiplayer constructions from glass, carbon, boric plastic and other materials. We analysing six meters beam from two ply. We take different cross-section and different high of ply and analysing strength and stiffness. After we calculating how less material need for rational beam. In result we see which cross-section are best for using. At first we see that multiplayer constructions have the advantage before common beams. We get that rational beam are thirty percent cheaper.

Pasaulyje plačiai naudojamos kompozitinės plieno-betono konstrukcijos, o jų darbo ypatumai yra sudėtingi ir nėra iki galo ištirti. Baigiamajame magistro darbe nagrinėjama plieninio pluošto ir jungių, išdėstytų skirtingu atstumu, įtaka kompozitinių plieno-betono konstrukcijų mechaninėms savybėms. Siekiant nustatyti plieninių jungių ir metalinio pluošto įtaką kompozitinės sijos bendram darbui, bei betono mechaninėms savybėms, atlikti analitiniai skaičiavimai ir eksperimentinis tyrimas. Darbą sudaro trys dalys. Pirmoje dalyje aptariama tokių konstrukcijų darbo problematika. Antroje dalyje pristatomas eksperimentinis tyrimas, jo darbo eiga bei gauti rezultatai. Trečioje dalyje atliekami analitiniai skaičiavimai ir gauti rezultatai lyginami su eksperimentiniais. / In the world composite steel-concrete structures are widely used, and their features are complex and not fully investigated. At the final master work the steel fiber and connectors, placed in different distance, influence to composite steel-concrete structures mechanical properties are analized. To determine the steel joint and a steel-fiber influence to composite's overall work, and mechanical properties of concrete, was performed out analytical calculations and experimental. The work consists of three parts. The first part deals with the problems of construction work. The second part presents the experimental study, its process and the obtained results. The third part presents analytical calculations and obtained results are compared with experimental results.

Šiame darbe projektuojamas statybinių medžiagų centras, Šiauliuose, Metalistų gatvėje, su prekybinėmis patalpomis, sandėliu bei buitinėmis – adminitracinėmis patalpomis. Aprašomas sklypo planas, pastato patalpų išplanavimas, kontrukciniai sprendimai bei inžineriniai tinklai. Suprojektuota 18 m metalinė santvara SN-18, parinkta 5,6 m ilgio dvitėjo profilio sija SI-5.6, suprojektuota 5,94 m ilgio gelžbetoninė perdangos plokštė PP 594-120-22. Sudaryta perdangų montavimo technologin÷ kortelė, perdangų montavimui parinktas automobilinis kranas. Sudaryti pagrindinių konstrukcijų darbų kiekių žiniaraščiai ir pagal juos sudaryta lokalinė sąmata. Paskaičiuoti administracinių – buitinių patalpų šilumos laidumo koeficientai, šilumos nuostoliai. Pagal šiuos apskaičiuotus duomenis parinkti šildymo prietaisai. / In this work, there is a centre of building materials that is being designed in Siauliai, Metalistu Street. It consists of trading rooms, warehouse and domestic – administrative rooms. Description of the plan of the plot, layout of rooms, construction decisions and engineering networks. Designed 18 m metallic truss SN-18, selected 5,6 m length HEA-beam SI-5.6, designed 5,94 m length reinforced floor slab PP 594-120-22. Made out of floors installation technological card, for floors installing selected truck crane. Formed sheets of quantity of main constructial workings and accordingly formed local estimation. calculated administrative – domestic rooms heat-transferring coefficient, heat ranges. According to the calculated data, heating devices were chosen.

Submitted by Nathália Faria da Silva (nathaliafsilva.ufv@gmail.com) on 2017-07-26T13:59:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 17214641 bytes, checksum: b6762f1cf01bfcf86c00b0e3b78390a8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-26T13:59:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 17214641 bytes, checksum: b6762f1cf01bfcf86c00b0e3b78390a8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1997-06-03 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Objetivando verificar o efeito das variações climáticas sobre a produtividade da cultura da soja, em Minas Gerais, desenvolveu-se um modelo de simulação dinãmico, mecanistico e deterministico. O modelo desenvolvido teve como principal característica o equilíbrio entre a simplicidade no seu manuseio e o rigor científico necessário. Como variáveis de entrada o modelo utiliza os elementos climáticos precipitação, temperatura e insolação, por serem de fácil obtenção. Durante a fase de teste e ajuste do modelo foram utilizados os dados climáticos para os anos agrícolas de 1995/96 e 1996/97, bem como os dados normais para a região produtora de Capinópolis, MG. Os resultados mostraram que as variações da disponibilidade térmica, solar e hídrica durante o ciclo da cultura alteram diferencialmente os mecanismos de captura (área foliar) e utilização (fotossíntese) da radiação. No entanto, o fator que mais se destacou foi a radiação. Os resultados mostraram, também, que o rendimento de grãos, matéria seca, indice de área foliar e fotossíntese são satisfatoriamente estimados pelo modelo SOYCLIMA. A eficiéncia do modelo na determinação das variações morfológicas e fisiológicas da cultura, em resposta às variações climáticas, evidencia o seu alto potencial de aplicação para o manejo da cultura. O modelo apresentou 87,5% de ajustamento em relação à produtividade, para os anos de 1995/96, e 93,2% para os anos de 1996/97. / Aiming to verify the effects of the climatic variation on the productivity of soybean in Minas Gerais state, Brazil, it was developed a dynamic- mechanistic-deterministic simulation model. The main characteristic of the developed model was the equilibrium between its management simplicitty and the required scientific accuracy. As the input variables, the model applies the climatical elements, that is, rainfall precipitation, temperature and insolation because they are easily obtained. During the phase of testing and adjusting the model, it were used the climatic data for the agricultural years of 1995/96 and 1996/97 as well as the normal data for the productive region of Capinópolis, Minas Gerais state. The results showed that, during the vegetative cycle, the variation of thermal, solar and hydric availabilities, modified differently both the mechanisms of capturing (leaf area) and utilizing (photosynthesis) radiation. However, the most remarkable factor was radiation. The results also showed that grain and dry matter productivity, the leaf area index and photosynthesis are satisfactorily estimated by SOYCLIMA model. The performance of the model in determining the crop morphologic and physiological variations, in response to climatic changes, emphasizes its high application potential for managing crop. The model presented a 87,5% acurracy relative to productivity for the years of 1995/96, and 93,2% for 1996/97.

Baigiamajame magistro darbe tiriamos lengvojo automobilio kėbulo elementų stiprumo charakteristikos. Išanalizuoti literatūros šaltiniai, automobilių kėbulų konstrukcijos, dinaminis modeliavimas, kompiuterinė technika, naudojama saugumo elementų tobulinimui. Sija, daugiausiai kinetinės energijos sugeriantis automobilio elementas, projektuota priekinio susidūrimo atvejui. Atlikus teorinius skaičiavimus, rezultatai palyginti su modeliavimo. Pateikta išsami išilginės priekinės sijos tobulinimo metodika, modeliavimo rezultatų analizė ir apibendrinimas. Sumodeliavus priekinę išilginę siją, jos geometrinius parametrus, pateikiamos baigiamojo darbo išvados, literatūros šaltiniai. Darbą sudaro 9 dalys: įvadas, mokslinės literatūros apžvalga, automobilių kėbulų konstrukciniai ypatumai saugumui užtikrinti, dinaminiai automobilio modeliavimo bandymai, kompiuterinė technika, naudojama tobulinant saugumo komponentus, priekinės išilginės sijos konstrukcijos modeliavimas, taikant skaitinį metodą, išvados ir pasiūlymai, literatūros sąrašas, priedai. / The stiffness behaviour of the passenger vehicle body elements is investigated in the Master thesis. The analyzed literature, automotive body design, dynamic simulations, computer equipment used for safety development is investigated too. This beam absorbs majority of kinetic energy, it is designed for the frontal impact. Theoretical calculations are compared with simulation results. The deep development methodology of the beam are described, the analysis of the simulation results and discussion are described also. The thesis conclusion, literature is presented after the simulation of the front longitudinal beam geometrical specifications. The thesis is divided to 9 sections: an introduction, review of a scientific literature, automotive body design safety features, dynamic simulation tests of a vehicle, a computer equipment, used for the development of safety components, design simulation of the front longitudinal beam by numerical method, conclusion and suggestions, literature, appendix.

Recently more and more buildings of light structures have been built in Lithuania as well as in other European and world countries. Nevertheless, timber products are not widely used for floors in this share of construction market. Traditional light timber frame floors are characterized by vibrations, acoustic transmission and low fire resistance. The above-mentioned problems can be rationally solved by using timber-concrete composite (hereinafter TCC) floors. In comparison with entirely timber floors such type of floors are characterised not only by increased strength and stiffness but also by increased fire resistance and better sound insulation. In comparison with reinforced concrete floors manufactured of non-regenerative sources TCC floors are lighter and more economic. These characteristics stimulate usage of TCC floors in newly built buildings. It should also be noted that usage of timber in building structures instead of concrete or steel could substantially decrease energy demand and emission of carbon dioxide during production. In this work author presents TCC structural solution when thin-webbed beams (I-joists) used for timber floor beams instead of solid or glued rectangular beams. Thin-webbed beams are without upper flange of structural timber. Embedding in concrete a part of web of oriented strand board (hereinafter OSB) connects the OSB web and the concrete slab. This concept allows to save structural materials and production costs. Nevertheless, not so many... [to full text]

Recently more and more buildings of light structures have been built in Lithuania as well as in other European and world countries. Nevertheless, timber products are not widely used for floors in this share of construction market. Traditional light timber frame floors are characterized by vibrations, acoustic transmission and low fire resistance. The above-mentioned problems can be rationally solved by using timber-concrete composite (hereinafter TCC) floors. In comparison with entirely timber floors such type of floors are characterised not only by increased strength and stiffness but also by increased fire resistance and better sound insulation. In comparison with reinforced concrete floors manufactured of non-regenerative sources TCC floors are lighter and more economic. These characteristics stimulate usage of TCC floors in newly built buildings. It should also be noted that usage of timber in building structures instead of concrete or steel could substantially decrease energy demand and emission of carbon dioxide during production. In this work author presents TCC structural solution when thin-webbed beams (I-joists) used for timber floor beams instead of solid or glued rectangular beams. Thin-webbed beams are without upper flange of structural timber. Embedding in concrete a part of web of oriented strand board (hereinafter OSB) connects the OSB web and the concrete slab. This concept allows to save structural materials and production costs. Nevertheless, not so many... [to full text]

The dissertation investigates the behaviour of timber-concrete connections with inclined screws – the load carrying capacity and deformability. The essen¬tial objects of investigation are the load carrying capacity of inclined screws; the modules of connection slip deformation, and the mechanical properties of mate¬rials and ware of which the connection is made. The load-carrying capacity of the connection depends on the properties of the material of connected member and the connectors, on which depends the strength and stiffness of the composite member. The main aim of dissertation is to create the connection load carrying capacity predicting model, based on the more realistic behaviour of the material of connected members; to prepare the simplified approach for load-carrying capacity predicting model for composite timber-concrete connections within at any angle in respect to timber grain in¬clined crews. The paper approaches a few major tasks such as the choice of suitable load-carrying capacity predicting base model; preparing it to composite timber-con¬crete connections with inclined screws; the experimental investigation of con¬nection with inclined screws under long- and short term loading; the experi¬mental investigation of properties of connected materials and type of used con¬nectors; the evaluation of created predictive model based on results also of other researchers experimental investigations. / Disertacijoje nagrinėjama kompozitinės medinės-betoninės jungties su įžambiai šlyties plokštumai orientuotais medsraigčiais elgsena – laikomoji galia ir deformacinės savybės. Pagrindiniai tyrimų objektai yra įžambiai medienos pluoštui orientuotų medsraigčių laikomoji galia, slinkties deformacijų moduliai ir mechaninės jungtį sudarančių elementų savybės, veikiančios jungties elgseną. Nuo medsraigčio ašies posvyrio kampo, deformacinių po medsraigčiu glemžiamos ir ištraukiamos medienos ir lenkiamo medsraigčio savybių priklauso ir jungties irties pobūdis, laikomoji galia ir slinkties deformacijų moduliai, o nuo pastarųjų – kompozitinio elemento stiprumas ir standumas. Pagrindinis disertacijos tikslas yra sukurti skaičiavimo modelį tokių jungčių laikomajai galiai nuspėti, kuo tiksliau atsižvelgiant į medžiagų ir elementų mechanines savybes; pateikti supaprastintą skaičiuojamąjį modelį, skirtą bet kokiu kampu medienos pluošto atžvilgiu įsriegtų medsraigčių laikomajai galiai nuspėti. Darbe sprendžiami keli pagrindiniai uždaviniai: tinkamo pamatinio jungties laikomąją galią vertinančio skaičiuojamojo modelio parinkimas, jo pritaikymas įžambiai medienos pluoštui orientuotiems medsraigčiams; trumpalaikis ir ilgalaikis eksperimentinis įžambinės medsraigtinės jungties laikomosios galios tyrimas ir vertinimas; kitų autorių eksperimentinių rezultatų vertinimas sukurtajam jungties laikomąją galią vertinančiam modeliui pagrįsti.

Disertacijoje nagrinėjama kompozitinės medinės-betoninės jungties su įžambiai šlyties plokštumai orientuotais medsraigčiais elgsena – laikomoji galia ir deformacinės savybės. Pagrindiniai tyrimų objektai yra įžambiai medienos pluoštui orientuotų medsraigčių laikomoji galia, slinkties deformacijų moduliai ir mechaninės jungtį sudarančių elementų savybės, veikiančios jungties elgseną. Nuo medsraigčio ašies posvyrio kampo, deformacinių po medsraigčiu glemžiamos ir ištraukiamos medienos ir lenkiamo medsraigčio savybių priklauso ir jungties irties pobūdis, laikomoji galia ir slinkties deformacijų moduliai, o nuo pastarųjų – kompozitinio elemento stiprumas ir standumas. Pagrindinis disertacijos tikslas yra sukurti skaičiavimo modelį tokių jungčių laikomajai galiai nuspėti, kuo tiksliau atsižvelgiant į medžiagų ir elementų mechanines savybes; pateikti supaprastintą skaičiuojamąjį modelį, skirtą bet kokiu kampu medienos pluošto atžvilgiu įsriegtų medsraigčių laikomajai galiai nuspėti. Darbe sprendžiami keli pagrindiniai uždaviniai: tinkamo pamatinio jungties laikomąją galią vertinančio skaičiuojamojo modelio parinkimas, jo pritaikymas įžambiai medienos pluoštui orientuotiems medsraigčiams; trumpalaikis ir ilgalaikis eksperimentinis įžambinės medsraigtinės jungties laikomosios galios tyrimas ir vertinimas; kitų autorių eksperimentinių rezultatų vertinimas sukurtajam jungties laikomąją galią vertinančiam modeliui pagrįsti. / The dissertation investigates the behaviour of timber-concrete connections with inclined screws – the load carrying capacity and deformability. The essen¬tial objects of investigation are the load carrying capacity of inclined screws; the modules of connection slip deformation, and the mechanical properties of mate¬rials and ware of which the connection is made. The load-carrying capacity of the connection depends on the properties of the material of connected member and the connectors, on which depends the strength and stiffness of the composite member. The main aim of dissertation is to create the connection load carrying capacity predicting model, based on the more realistic behaviour of the material of connected members; to prepare the simplified approach for load-carrying capacity predicting model for composite timber-concrete connections within at any angle in respect to timber grain in¬clined crews. The paper approaches a few major tasks such as the choice of suitable load-carrying capacity predicting base model; preparing it to composite timber-con¬crete connections with inclined screws; the experimental investigation of con¬nection with inclined screws under long- and short term loading; the experi¬mental investigation of properties of connected materials and type of used con¬nectors; the evaluation of created predictive model based on results also of other researchers experimental investigations.