Le présent travail étudie la caractérisation expérimentale et la modélisation de l'anisotropie induite par effet Mullins, i.e., la perte de raideur après les premiers cycles de chargement, très souvent observée dans les matériaux de type élastomère. Après une description des caractéristiques mécaniques du matériau silicone utilisé dans notre étude, des essais expérimentaux originaux sont développés pour créer des historiques de chargement complexes. D'une part, des successions d'essais de traction uniaxiale classiques sont réalisées, avec changement de directions de chargement. D'autre part, des états hétérogènes de contrainte et déformation obtenus lors d'essais de gonflement de membrane circulaire ont été complètement caractérisés grâce à des mesures de champs cinématiques réalisées par la méthode de corrélations d'images 3D ; les chargements effectués sont alors de type traction biaxiale-traction simple. Les paramètres clés pour la modélisation de l'effet Mullins ont ainsi pu être mis en évidence, avec notamment ses parts isotrope et anisotrope. Un modèle a ainsi été développé à partir d'une théorie de double réseau prenant en compte des critères expérimentalement motivés. Une version adaptée à une implantation simple dans un code de calculs éléments finis est finalement développée pour la réalisation de calculs de structures. / The present work studies the experimental characterization and modeling of the anisotropy induced by Mullins effect, i.e., the loss of stiffness in the first loading cycles, often observed in rubber-like materials. After a description of the mechanical characteristics of the particular silicone material used in our study, experimental tests are developed to create original and complex loading histories. First, successions of conventional uniaxial tensile tests are performed with changing directions of loading. Second, the state of heterogeneous stress and strain obtained in circular membrane swelling tests was completely characterized by means of kinematic field measurements made by the 3D image correlation method, and the loadings are then biaxial tension followed by uniaxial traction. The key parameters for modeling the Mullins effect were able to be identified, including its isotropic and anisotropic parts. A model was thus developed based on the double-network theory taking into account the experimentally motivated criteria. A suitable version with simple implementation in a finite element computer code was finally developed to allow the calculation of a structural part.

Foram desenvolvidos eletrodos compósitos à base de nanotubos de carbono aglutinados por borracha de silicone e resina poliuretana de origem vegetal, visando aliar as interessantes propriedades dessa forma de carbono como material de eletrodo às vantagens da utilização de eletrodos sólidos. Para isso, os nanotubos adquiridos foram submetidos a um tratamento térmico/químico para eliminar eventuais resíduos metálicos de catalisador e carbono amorfo, bem como ativar sua superfície pela adição de grupos funcionais, abertura das extremidades e criação de defeitos em suas paredes. Os nanotubos foram caracterizados, antes e após o tratamento, utilizando técnicas como espectroscopia no infravermelho, espectroscopia Raman, microscopia eletrônica de varredura, termogravimetria e difração de raios X. Os resultados permitiram concluir que os materiais já vêm pré tratados pelo fabricante e o tratamento adicional leva a uma melhora em suas propriedades eletroquímicas. Posteriormente, os eletrodos compósitos foram preparados com nanotubos de carbono, tratados e na forma como foram recebidos, utilizando borracha de silicone ou poliuretana como aglutinantes. O efeito do tratamento na resposta voltamétrica dos eletrodos compósitos foi avaliado utilizando-se voltametria cíclica. Um estudo da composição do material condutor, composto de misturas de nanotubos de carbono tratados e grafite, indicou que a melhora na resposta do eletrodo é proporcional à quantidade de nanotubos presentes no compósito, verificada pelo aumento na corrente de pico e pela diminuição da separação dos potenciais de pico. Esta melhora foi mais significativa no eletrodo compósito à base de nanotubos de carbono e borracha de silicone, o qual foi aplicado na determinação de propranolol e hidroclorotiazida, dois fármacos utilizados no tratamento de hipertensão. Os procedimentos de determinação foram desenvolvidos e as técnicas de voltametria de pulso diferencial e voltametria de onda quadrada foram utilizadas na quantificação dos fármacos em formulações farmacêuticas, com limites de detecção da ordem de 10-8 mol L-1 para propranolol e 10-6 para hidroclorotiazida. Os resultados foram concordantes com os métodos oficiais descritos nas farmacopéias com 95 % de confiança, de acordo com teste t-Student. Melhor resposta voltamétrica foi propiciada pela presença dos nanotubos, pois não houve a necessidade de pré-concentração para obter resposta quantitativa semelhante às previamente descritas na literatura. / Composite electrodes were developed based on carbon nanotubes bonded by silicone rubber and polyurethane vegetable resin, aiming to combine the interesting properties of this form of carbon as electrode material to the advantage by using solid electrodes. For this, the nanotubes obtained were subjected to a heat/chemical treatment to remove any residual metal catalyst and amorphous carbon, and activate their surface by the addition of functional groups, opening the ends and defects\' creation in their walls. The nanotubes were characterized before and after treatment, using techniques, such as infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetry and X-ray diffraction. The results showed that the material is pre treated by the manufacturer and additional treatment leads to an improvement in their electrochemical properties. Thereafter, the composite electrodes were prepared with treated and as received carbon nanotubes, using silicone rubber or polyurethane as binders. The treatment effect on the voltammetric response of the composite electrodes was evaluated using cyclic voltammetry. A study of the conductive material composition, composed by treated carbon nanotubes and graphite mixtures, indicated that the improvement in sensor response is proportional to the amount of nanotubes present in the composite, as verified by the increase in peak current and the decrease of the separation in the peak potentials. This improvement was more significant in the composite electrode based on carbon nanotubes and silicone rubber which was applied in the determination of propranolol and hydrochlorothiazide, both drugs used for hypertension treatment. The determination procedures were developed and the techniques of differential pulse voltammetry and square wave voltammetry were used for drugs\' quantification in pharmaceutical formulations, with detection limits of 10-8 mol L-1 for propranolol and 10-6 mol L-1 for hydrochlorothiazide. The results were consistent with the described methods in the official pharmacopoeias with 95% confidence, according to Student\'s t-Test. The best voltammetric response was obtained by the presence of the nanotubes, since there was no need for pre-concentration to get similar quantitative response to those previously described in literature.

Este trabalho tem por objetivo realizar estudos sobre as potenciais aplicações do compósito a base de grafite e borracha de silicone como material eletródico. O compósito foi aplicado na determinação de propranolol, uma droga antihipertensiva largamente utilizada no Brasil e rutina, um flavonóide com propriedades vasodilatadoras e antioxidantes. Os eletrodos foram preparados misturando-se proporções adequadas de pó de grafite e borracha de silicone, de maneira a obter um compósito com 70% de grafite (m/m). Dados de voltametria cíclica (CV) foram usados para estimar a região útil de trabalho para o eletrodo em diferentes eletrólitoes suporte e pH. Estudos usando CV foram utilizados para avaliar a resposta e o comportamento voltamétrico dos analitos propostos em relação a vários parâmetros. Para a quantificação foi utilizada voltametria de pulso diferencial (DPV), na qual foram obtidas curvas analíticas para definição de intervalos lineares de resposta e limites de detecção. Curvas analíticas também foram obtidas com eletrodo de carbono vítreo para comparação. Posteriormente, os procedimentos foram aplicados na determinação dos analitos em formulações farmacêuticas. Os resultados obtidos foram comparados com procedimentos padrão descritos na literatura. A rutina foi determinada no medicamento Novarrutiva e os resultados obtidos concordaram com o método de comparação com 95% de confiança. O propranolol foi determinado no medicamento Propranolol Ayerst? e os resultados concordaram com o método comparativo com 95% de confiança. Em todos os casos, com o eletrodo compósito foi obtido menor limite de detecção e maior região linear de resposta para os dois analitos, quando comparado ao eletrodo de carbono vítreo. / Studies regarding the applications of a graphite-silicone rubber composite as an electrode material have been performed and the results described in this work. The composite was used in the voltammetric determination of propranolol, an antihypertensive drug widely used in Brazil and rutin a flavonoid that presents both dilatation of blood vessels capabilities and antioxidative actions. The electrodes were prepared by using a suitable amount of graphite powder and silicone rubber in order to reach a 70% (graphite, w/w) composition. Cyclic voltammetric (CV) data were used in order to characterize the electrode material regarding useful potential window in different supporting electrolyte and pH. CV data were also used in order to evaluate the response of the composite electrode to the analytes. The quantitative measurements were performed with differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) with which analytical curves were obtained and used to estimate the detection limits and linear dynamic range. These data guided us towards the determination of the analytes in pharmaceutical formulations. The results were compared with those from standard methods with agreement in the 95% confidence level, according to the Student?s t-Test, in both cases. Lower limits of detection and larger linear dynamic ranges were observed for the composite when compared with those from the glassy carbon electrode under the same experimental conditions.

No description available.

Outdoor insulators are one of the most important parts of a power system. The reliability of a power system depends also on the reliability of the insulators. The main functions of an insulator used for outdoor applications are to give the necessary insulation, provide the necessary mechanical support to the transmission line conductor and also to resist the various environmental stresses like pollution, ultra violet rays etc. Traditionally porcelain and glass insulators have been used for outdoor insulator applications. They are good insulators under normal conditions and the cap and pin arrangement allows them to take up the mechanical load of the line. But owing to their large weight and brittle nature they are susceptible to vandalism and also they have increased cost of installation and commissioning. But the main problem of porcelain and glass insulators is its performance under polluted environmental condition. Under wet and polluted conditions, the porcelain insulators allow the formation of a conducting layer on the surface which results in setting up of leakage current, dry band arcing and power loss. This problem is further augmented under dc voltages where the stress is unidirectional and the contaminant deposition is higher as compared to ac. Polymeric insulators are a good alternative for porcelain and ceramic insulators for use especially under dc voltages because of their good pollution performance. The property of surface hydrophobicity resists the setting up of leakage currents and hence polymeric insulators help in reducing power loss. They are also light in weight and vandalism resistant and hence easier to install. But being polymeric, they form conductive tracks and erode when exposed to high temperatures which occur at the surface during dry band arcs and when exposed to corona discharges. The surface hydrophobicity is also temporarily lost when exposed to different electrical stresses. Silicone rubber is the most popular among the various choices of polymers for outdoor insulator applications. They have good surface hydrophobicity and tracking performance. But polymers in their pure form cannot be used as insulators because of their poor mechanical strength. Adding inorganic fillers into the polymer matrix not only improves its mechanical properties but also its erosion resistance. Micron sized Alumina Trihydrate (ATH) is used traditionally to improve the tracking and erosion resistance of polymeric insulators. A very high loading (up to 60%) is used. Adding such a high filler loading to the base polymer hampers its flexibility and the material processing. With the advent of nanotechnology, nano fillers have come into vogue. Studies conducted on nano filled polymers showed exciting results. A small amount of nano fillers in the polymer matrix showed significant improvement in the mechanical strength without hampering its flexibility. The electrical properties like tracking and erosion also improved with filler loading. Hence the use of nano filled silicone rubber is a good alternative for use as a high voltage insulator especially under dc voltages. Reports suggest that adding nano fillers into the silicone rubber matrix improves the tracking and erosion resistance and the corona degradation as compared to the unfilled samples under ac voltages. The literature on the dc performance of silicone rubber nano composites is scarce. So the present study aims to evaluate the performance of silicone rubber nano composites for tracking and erosion resistance and corona degradation under dc voltages. The tracking and erosion resistance under dc voltages was measured using the Inclined Plane Tracking and Erosion Resistance set up as per ASTM D2303 which was modified for dc voltage studies. The performance of nano Alumina and nano Silica fillers were evaluated under negative dc and the performance was compared with micron sized Alumina Trihydrate filled samples. The effect of filler loading was also studied. It was seen that the performance of the silicone rubber improved with filler loading. A small loading percentage of nano fillers were enough to give performance similar to silicone rubber filled with micron sized ATH filler. The silicone rubber performed better under negative dc as compared to ac and positive dc. The positive dc tests showed a migration of ions from the electrodes onto the sample surface. The increased surface conductivity resulted in very heavy erosion in the case of positive dc tested samples. The corona aging studies were also conducted on silicone rubber nano composites. Nano silica was used as filler in this case. Different filler loadings were employed to understand the effect of filler loading. The corona was generated using a needle plane electrode and samples were exposed to both positive and negative dc corona. The samples were exposed to corona for different time intervals – 25 and 50 hours to study the effect of exposure time. The hydrophobicity, crack width and surface roughness were measured after the tests. Adding nano fillers into the polymer matrix improved the corona performance. With filler loading, the performance improved. The samples exposed to positive dc corona performed better than those under negative dc corona. The loss of hydrophobicity, surface cracks and the surface roughness was less in the case of positive dc corona tested samples. With exposure time, the performance of silicone rubber became poorer for positive dc corona tested samples. For the negative dc corona tested samples, the performance seemed to improve with exposure time. The tracking and erosion resistance and the corona aging studies conducted showed that the performance of silicone rubber is improved by adding nano fillers into the polymer matrix. A small amount of nano filler loading was enough to perform similar to a heavily loaded micron filled sample. Hence nano fillers can be used as a good functional material to improve the performance of silicone rubber insulators especially under wet and polluted conditions.

A novel paste deposition process was developed to widen the range of possible materials and applications. This experimental process developed an increasingly complex series of additive manufacturing machines, resulting in new combinations of novel materials and deposition paths without sacrificing many of the design freedoms inherit in the craft process. The investigation made use of open-source software together with an approach to programming user originated infill geometries to form structural parts, differing from the somewhat automated processing by 'closed' commercial RP systems. A series of experimental trials were conducted to test a range of candidate materials and machines which might be suitable for the PDM process. The combination of process and materials were trailed and validated using a series of themed case studies including medical, food industry and jewellery. Some of the object created great interest and even, in the case of the jewellery items, won awards. Further evidence of the commercial validity was evidenced through a collaborative partnership resulting in the development of a commercial version of the experimental system called Newton3D. A number of exciting potential future directions having been opened up by this project including silicone fabrics, bio material deposition and inclusive software development for user originated infills and structures.

Choosing the right solvent is critical for many industrial applications. A useful property for selection of solvents is their solubility parameters. This concept of solubility parameters is central to this thesis and has been used in two different case studies of material treatment applications. Silicone rubber (crosslinked poly(dimethyl siloxane), PDMS) has many favorable material properties making it useful in biomedical devices. However, a limiting aspect of its material properties is a hydrophobic surface. The aim of this work was to prepare a hydrophilic PDMS material while retaining the transparency of the material. To do this, PDMS was combined with a hydrophilic polymer, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) in an interpenetrating polymer network (IPN). A two-step IPN synthesis method was developed and it was found that the solvent used for polymerization of PVP had a significant influence on the water-wettability and the transparency of the PVP/PDMS IPN. Several different analytical techniques were used for determining the degree of phase separation in the PVP/PDMS IPN. It was found, by using microscopy techniques, that the PVP phase domains varied between 200 nm up to a few micrometers, and the size of the phase domains was correlated to the solvent used for polymerization of the IPN. The second topic for which solvent effects were explored was for the use of mesoporous silica particles as potential drug delivery devices. In the present work a drug molecule, ibuprofen, was loaded into mesoporous silica particles using different solvents, and in addition adsorption isotherms were established in each solvent. The maximum loading of ibuprofen in the mesoporous material was achieved when using a nonpolar solvent, in particular liquid carbon dioxide was successfully used. One of the advantages of using liquid carbon dioxide is that no solvent residues are left in the final material, which is important for pharmaceutical applications. Furthermore, it was concluded that ibuprofen was stored in an X-ray amorphous form in the mesoporous particles. Release studies in water showed a rapid release of ibuprofen from the mesoporous silica particles, while the dissolution of samples with crystalline ibuprofen was slower. This was verified to be an effect of a larger exposed ibuprofen area in the ibuprofen-loaded mesoporous silica particles, and it was concluded that the intrinsic dissolution rate for the samples were identical.

Submitted by Maria Medeiros (maria.dilva1@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-06-25T14:52:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PATRÍCIA COSTA FERNANDES DE MENEZES - TESE (PPGCEMat) 2015.pdf: 20736985 bytes, checksum: 6d5bf08cc6b3770e921031c7b7dd8006 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-25T14:52:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PATRÍCIA COSTA FERNANDES DE MENEZES - TESE (PPGCEMat) 2015.pdf: 20736985 bytes, checksum: 6d5bf08cc6b3770e921031c7b7dd8006 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-01-14 / Capes / A tecnologia Stealth é a capacidade de navios, aeronaves e submarinos tornarem-se invisíveis à detecção de radares. Para isso, se faz necessário o uso de Materiais Absorvedores de Radiação Eletromagnética – MARE que atuem de forma efetiva no bloqueio da radiação emitida pelos radares. Neste contexto, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi obter um compósito de matriz polimérica de borracha de silicone e carga de ferrita NiZn nanométrica em diferentes concentrações, visando sua utilização como um MARE. A carga foi sintetizada por reação de combustão e os compósitos foram obtidos com concentrações de carga variando entre 16 e 20 g e quantidade de silicone fixa de 20g. Visando investigar a melhor interação entre a carga e a matriz, a carga foi silanizada com 3-aminopropiltrietoxissilano e incorporada apenas ao compósito na concentração de 20:20 de carga:silicone. As técnicas de Difração de Raios-X (DRX), Espectroscopia na Região do Infravermelho por Transformada de Fourrier (FTIR), Microscopia de Força Atômica (AFM), Microscopia eletrônica de Varredura (MEV), Medidas Magnéticas e Eletromagnéticas foram utilizadas para caracterizar a carga e os compósitos. Observou-se que a carga apresentou a fase cristalina do espinélio inverso, com tamanho de partícula nanométrico, com característica de um material magnético mole com valores de absorção de -15,2 dB na faixa de 3 a 4 GHz. Todos os compósitos apresentaram características de MARE com valores de absorção variando de -5 a -17,5 dB na faixa de 3 e 6 GHz. De forma geral, verificou-se que o aumento do teor da carga no compósito dificultou a dispersão e introduziu defeitos volumétricos do tipo poros e aglomerados da carga, porém, não influenciou nos parâmetros magnéticos. A silanização não causou alterações significativas nas propriedades da ferrita, porém contribuiu efetivamente para uma melhor interação com a matriz, resultando diretamente no compósito com o melhor valor de absorção, -14 dB na faixa de 6 GHz, indicando ser o mais promissor para a aplicação como MARE. / Define the Stealth technology as the ability of ships, aircraft and submarines become invisible to radar detection. For this, it is necessary to use materials that effectively reduce this probe, this field that can stand out the use of Radiation Absorbing Materials Electromagnetic - RAME. The objective of this research was to obtain a polymer matrix composite silicone rubber and NiZn ferrite load with different concentrations and better dispersion, for their use as a MARE. The composites were obtained with concentrations varying load between 16 and 20 g of NiZn ferrite synthesized by combustion. To improve the interaction between the cargo and the matrix, it has been silanized with 3 aminopropyltriethoxysilane silane agent and incorporated into a composite. The techniques of X-ray diffraction (XRD), Infrared Spectroscopy in the region by Fourier transform (FTIR), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Magnetic and Electromagnetic measurements were used to characterize the load and composite. It was noted that the load presented to the inverse spinel crystalline phase with nanometer particle size with characteristics of a soft magnetic material with 15.2 dB absorption values in the range 3 to 4 GHz. Silanization caused no change significant feature in the ferrite, but contributed effectively for better interaction with the matrix, resulting directly in the composite with the best absorption values, -14 dB at 6 GHz range, indicating that the most promising for application as RAME. For other composites was found that increasing the filler content provided processing difficulties which resulted in the formation of agglomerates and will not influence the magnetic parameters.

Submitted by JEFERSON CAMARGO FUKUSHIMA null (jefersonfukushima@gmail.com) on 2016-09-22T21:13:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JEFERSON CAMARGO FUKUSHIMA.pdf: 3226498 bytes, checksum: f63c215c729b226ec0509c5cb4af067c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Felipe Augusto Arakaki (arakaki@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-09-23T14:23:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 fukushima_jc_me_ilha.pdf: 3226498 bytes, checksum: f63c215c729b226ec0509c5cb4af067c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-23T14:23:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 fukushima_jc_me_ilha.pdf: 3226498 bytes, checksum: f63c215c729b226ec0509c5cb4af067c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-05 / Fundação de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão de Ilha Solteira (FEPISA) / O presente trabalho apresenta um estudo de uma classe de materiais chamado de Elastômeros Magneto-Reológicos (MRE – Magneto-Rheological Elastomers, da sigla em inglês), com foco principal em sua resposta mecânico-magnética, onde as propriedades das micropartículas de Ferro Carbonila funcionalizaram a borracha de silicone. As amostras foram preparadas a partir da dispersão de partículas de Ferro Carbonila em borracha de silicone, sendo que, a vulcanização do material aconteceu por meio de um catalisador, e foram realizados ensaios do tipo de cisalhamento. Foram realizados ensaios experimentais de cisalhamento em que as amostras foram organizadas na forma de “sanduiche” formado por Latão/MRE/Latão/MRE/Latão e acopladas à máquina de ensaio universal entre imãs permanentes, no qual se analisou a relação tensão-deformação de várias amostras com concentrações de 18%, 33% e 48% em volume de Ferro Carbonila, com e sem campo magnético. Considerando a caracterização do MRE, são apresentados também resultados utilizando a técnica de Espectroscopia Infravermelha por Transformada de Fourier visando construir uma compreensão da relação entre as propriedades das amostras mediante sua concentração e a técnica de Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura com o objetivo de se observar a caracterização morfológica das partículas dispersas no silicone. Os resultados apontam para a possibilidade de utilização do MRE em sistemas como absorvedores dinâmicos de vibrações sintonizáveis uma vez que os resultados obtidos apresentam até 50% de variação da rigidez entre o sistema com e sem campo magnético. / This dissertation presents a study of a class of materials called Magneto-Rheological Elastomers (MRE) with main focus on its mechanical and magnetic response, where the properties of the iron carbonyl micro particles functionalize rubber silicone. Samples were prepared from the dispersion of iron carbonyl particles in silicone rubber, and that vulcanization of the material took place by means of a catalyst, and the type of shear tests were performed. We carried out experimental shear tests in which the samples were arranged in the form of "sandwich" formed by Brass / MRE / Brass / MRE / brass and attached to the universal test machine between permanent magnets, which examined the relationship tension strain samples with different concentrations of 18%, 33% and 48% by volume iron carbonyl with and without magnetic field. Considering the characterization of the MRE, they are also displayed results using the Infrared Spectroscopy technique of Fourier Transform aimed at building an understanding of the relationship between the properties of the samples by concentration and scanning electron microscopy technique in order to observe the characterization morphological particles dispersed in the silicone. The results point to the possibility of use of the MRE system as Dynamic Vibration Absorbers tunable since the results obtained are within 50% variation of the stiffness of the system with and without magnetic field.

L'échantillonnage passif intégratif est de plus en plus reconnu comme une alternative à l'échantillonnage ponctuel pour la mesure des concentrations de micropolluants organiques dans les milieux aquatiques. Cette technique combine l'étape d'échantillonnage et de préconcentration in situ pour délivrer une concentration intégrée sur la durée d'exposition de l'échantillonneur passif (EP). Une des limitations principales de l'échantillonnage passif est la sélectivité imposée par la phase réceptrice pour une classe de contaminants restreinte (hydrophobes ou polaires). Ainsi, il est à l'heure actuelle nécessaire d'employer plusieurs EP pour mesurer des concentrations en pesticides caractérisés par une large gamme de polarité. L'objectif principal de cette thèse s'inscrit dans une démarche de développement de phases réceptrices pour l'échantillonnage passif de pesticides dans les milieux aquatiques. Afin de répondre à ce défi, nous avons sélectionné et formulé des matériaux pour la sorption de 28 pesticides aux propriétés physico-chimiques variées par le biais de tests en laboratoire. Nous avons d'une part sélectionné un élastomère de silicone de la marque Goodfellow® parmi 7 autres élastomères de silicone à partir de tests en laboratoire sur des critères de sorption. Nous avons démontré que les élastomères de silicone ont une forte affinité pour les pesticides plutôt hydrophobes, tout en accumulant également des pesticides polaires. Des propriétés de sorption différentes ont été identifiées selon leur formulation et un mécanisme d'adsorption est suspecté pour certains pesticides. D'autre part, nous avons formulé et testé plusieurs matériaux composites innovants dont le plus performant, renommé PACSiR, combine les propriétés de sorption d'un élastomère de silicone et d'un copolymère poreux (Oasis ® HLB). Nous avons mis en évidence que le PACSiR a des propriétés mécaniques adaptées pour une exposition directe dans le milieu aquatique et permet de capter une gamme de pesticides élargie vers les pesticides plus polaires par rapport à un élastomère de silicone. Ces deux matériaux ont été calibrés en laboratoire en tant qu'EP (TS à base de silicone et TSP à base de PACSiR), sous forme de tiges de petite dimension, afin de déterminer les constantes cinétiques d'accumulation et d'étudier l'impact de la vitesse de courant. Enfin, nous avons appliqué les TS et TSP dans des eaux de surface et de subsurface afin d'en évaluer et comparer les performances dans des situations contrastées d'exposition. La gamme d'utilisation de chaque EP en termes de polarité des pesticides a pu être définie (TS : 3 < log Kow < 5,5 et TSP : 2 < log Kow < 5,5.). Les concentrations en pesticides intégrées sur la durée d'exposition sont équivalentes à un échantillonnage d'eau moyenné au temps et les incertitudes sont du même ordre de grandeur sur les concentrations calculées. Ces EP ont permis de détecter des insecticides organophosphorés faiblement quantifiés par d'autres techniques de prélèvement d'eau. Nous avons démontré leur capacité à intégrer des pics de contamination fugaces en pesticides dans des contextes agricoles variés / Time integrative passive sampling is more and more accepted as an alternative to grab sampling for measurement of organic micropollutants concentrations in aquatic environment. This technique offers the advantage to provide a concentration integrated over the deployment period of the passive sampler and to reduce limit of quantification by combining sampling and in situ pre-concentration steps. The main limitation of passive sampling is the selectivity of the receiving phase for a restricted class of contaminants (hydrophobic or hydrophilic). In this way, we need to deploy several passive samplers for sampling of pesticides covering a wide range of polarities. The aim of this thesis was to develop a receiving phase for passive sampling of pesticides in a single step in aquatic environment.We selected and developed materials for sorption of 28 pesticides with varied physicochemical properties by laboratory tests. The two selected and studied materials were a silicone rubber and a porous copolymer (Oasis ® HLB). Indeed, we shown that silicone rubber have strong affinity for hydrophobic pesticides but they also accumulate polar pesticides. We identified different sorption properties of silicone rubbers owing to their formulation and a possible adsorption mechanism for some pesticides. The composite material developed had mechanical properties adapted for a direct exposition in the aquatic environment and accumulates a range of pesticides expanded for more polar pesticides. These two materials were then shaped as rods for a simple in situ deployment and recovery of pesticides in laboratory. They have been calibrated as passive samplers by studying the impact of flow velocity on uptake kinetic parameters. In situ applications of passive samplers in surface and subsurface waters made it possible to calculate time integrated concentrations of pesticides over a duration exposure of one week. Moreover, we detected organosphorous insecticides underquantified by other techniques of water sampling. They also showed a capacity to integrate short peak contamination of pesticides in various agricultural contexts