Naudojant chronopotenciometrijos metodą buvo tirta sidabro elektronusodinimo iš sulfitinių tirpalų kinetika. Eksperimentiniai tyrimai patvirtino negausius žinomus literatūrinius duomenis, kad sidabro elektrokristalizacija iš sulfitinių elektrolitų yra apsprendžiama lėta sidabro ad-atomų kristalizacija galvaninės dangos paviršiuje. Tai ypač akivaizdu pusiausvyrinio potencialo srityje. Nustatyta, kad patikimiausi rezultatai, tiriant krūvio pernešimo stadiją, gaunami maksimaliai nutolus nuo pusiausvyros potencialo. Tai lengviausia realizuoti chronopotenciometrijos sąlygomis, o nustatytas mainų srovės tankis svyruoja tarp 0,9 (kai tirpalo sudėtis 0,003 ir 0,115 ) iki 2,46 (kai tirpalo sudėtis 0,1 ir 0,77 ). Patikimiausi rezultatai buvo gauti matuojant mainų srovės tankių priklausomybes nuo laisvų sulfito jonų koncentracijos izopotencialių ( 0,300 ) tirpalų serijoje. Visuose izopotencialiuose tirpaluose buvo nustatyti krūvio pernašos viršįtampiai -60 – -160 intervale. Naudojantis lygtimi ir mainų srovės tankio priklausomybės nuo laisvų sulfito jonų koncentracijos grafiku iš eksperimentinių duomenų nuolinkio kampo apskaičiuotas reakcijos laipsnis 0,67. Atsižvelgiant į galimas paklaidas, tikėtina, kad jis yra lygus 1. Gauti rezultatai rodo, kad artimas vienetui reakcijos laipsnis sulfito jonų atžvilgiu atitinka teiginį, jog betarpiškai fazių sąlyčio riboje redukuojasi kompleksinė dalelė . Atsiradusios paklaidos greičiausiai yra susiję su tirpalo komponentų... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Silver electrodeposition from sulfite electrolytes is considered to be one of the most promising processes to replace the extremely toxic traditional cyanide-based silver plating solutions with the additional advantage, that sulfite electrolytes can be successfully applied for silver deposition for micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMSs). Mechanism of metal complexes electroreduction is an important result, especially when it may have a wide range of applications in the future. However, electrodeposition also has several shortcomings, including sulfite ion oxidation by oxygen in air and relatively negligible cathodic current densities, which are too low for qualitative galvanotechnique. There are very few works dedicated to the chemistry and electrochemistry of silver sulfite complexes. Most publications related with this subject are concerned with the questions of applicability. The main objective of this study was the investigation of the silver sulfite complexes electroreduction kinetics. To achieve this goal, we studied the dependence of the exchange current density on the free sulfite ions concentration in a series of isopotential solutions. Our studies also allowed to determine the mechanism of this electrochemical charge transfer reaction.

Silver electrodeposition from sulfite electrolytes is considered to be one of the most promising processes to replace the extremely toxic traditional cyanide-based silver plating solutions with the additional advantage, that sulfite electrolytes can be successfully applied for silver deposition for micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMSs). Mechanism of metal complexes electroreduction is an important result, especially when it may have a wide range of applications in the future. However, electrodeposition also has several shortcomings, including sulfite ion oxidation by oxygen in air and relatively negligible cathodic current densities, which are too low for qualitative galvanotechnique. There are very few works dedicated to the chemistry and electrochemistry of silver sulfite complexes. Most publications related with this subject are concerned with the questions of applicability. The main objective of this study was the investigation of the silver sulfite complexes electroreduction kinetics. To achieve this goal, we studied the dependence of the exchange current density on the free sulfite ions concentration in a series of isopotential solutions. Our studies also allowed to determine the mechanism of this electrochemical charge transfer reaction. / Naudojant chronopotenciometrijos metodą buvo tirta sidabro elektronusodinimo iš sulfitinių tirpalų kinetika. Eksperimentiniai tyrimai patvirtino negausius žinomus literatūrinius duomenis, kad sidabro elektrokristalizacija iš sulfitinių elektrolitų yra apsprendžiama lėta sidabro ad-atomų kristalizacija galvaninės dangos paviršiuje. Tai ypač akivaizdu pusiausvyrinio potencialo srityje. Nustatyta, kad patikimiausi rezultatai, tiriant krūvio pernešimo stadiją, gaunami maksimaliai nutolus nuo pusiausvyros potencialo. Tai lengviausia realizuoti chronopotenciometrijos sąlygomis, o nustatytas mainų srovės tankis svyruoja tarp 0,9 (kai tirpalo sudėtis 0,003 ir 0,115 ) iki 2,46 (kai tirpalo sudėtis 0,1 ir 0,77 ). Patikimiausi rezultatai buvo gauti matuojant mainų srovės tankių priklausomybes nuo laisvų sulfito jonų koncentracijos izopotencialių ( 0,300 ) tirpalų serijoje. Visuose izopotencialiuose tirpaluose buvo nustatyti krūvio pernašos viršįtampiai -60 – -160 intervale. Naudojantis lygtimi ir mainų srovės tankio priklausomybės nuo laisvų sulfito jonų koncentracijos grafiku iš eksperimentinių duomenų nuolinkio kampo apskaičiuotas reakcijos laipsnis 0,67. Atsižvelgiant į galimas paklaidas, tikėtina, kad jis yra lygus 1. Gauti rezultatai rodo, kad artimas vienetui reakcijos laipsnis sulfito jonų atžvilgiu atitinka teiginį, jog betarpiškai fazių sąlyčio riboje redukuojasi kompleksinė dalelė . Atsiradusios paklaidos greičiausiai yra susiję su tirpalo komponentų... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]

Microbe resistence is a serious issue, especially as they have become resistant to most well known drugs. Therefore this is considered as a global problem and is now dealt with at a poitical level. Since no new classes of antimicrobial agents have been discovered in the past three deacdes, the development of new drugs is extremely urgent. Therefore the aim of this project was to synthesise derivatives of benzimidazole, and then assesses their antimicrobial activities in vitro by using disc (well) diffusion and MICs tests. A total of 69 benzimidazole derivatives, with substituents at positions 1, 2, and 5, were synthesised, characterised and tested against selected bacteria and fungi. In addition, six bezimidazole silver complexes were prepared and evaluated for their antimicrobial behavior. The SAR showed that the antimicrobial activity of the compounds depended on the substituents attached to the bicyclic heterocycle. Some promising results were obtained. In particular, 5 compounds displayed antibacterial activity against two MRSA strains with MIC values corresponding to ciprofloxacin, which can be considered significant. The compounds have some common features; four possess 5-chloro or 5-bromo substituents; two are derivatives of (S)-2- ethanaminebenzimidazole and the others are derivative of one 2-(chloromethyl)-1Hbenzo[d]imidazole, (1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methanethiol and 2-(methoxymethyl)-1-methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole. The results from the antifungal screening were very interesting as there were 26 compounds, including two silver complexes, which were potent fungicides against the selected fungal species. They showed equivalent or greater potentency in their MIC values than amphotericin B. In particular, the 5-fluoro, 5-chloro and 5-bromo benzimidazole showed broad spectrum activity. / Saudi Culture Bureau and King Saud University

The late transition metal complexes containing sulfide ligands have trem- endous applications not only in biochemistry but also in industrial catalysis. We have successfully synthesized four different bidentate ligands, 2- (Benzylidene)benzenethiol(NS-1), 2-[2,6-(Dimethylbenzylidene)]benzenethi- ol(NS-2), 2-(2-Chloro-1-methylethylidene)benzenethiol(NS-3) and 2-(Diphe- nylphosphanyl)benzenethiol(PS), and five tridentate ligands, N-{N-[2-(Diph- enylphosphino)benzylidene]-2-sec-butylethylsulfide}(PNS-1), N-{N-[2-(Di- phenylphosphino)benzylamino]-2-sec-butylethylsulfide}(PNS-2), 2-[2-(Diph- enylphosphino)phenylsulfanylmethyl]pyridine(PSN-1), 2-[2-(Diphenylphos- phino)phenylsulfanyl]ethylamine(PSN-2) and 2-(Diphenylphosphino)phenyl- sulfanylacetonitrile(PSN-3). These ligands reacted with the late transition metal (Zn, Ag, Pd, and Ni) salts, and produced complexes 1-12. Besides their spectra, we also obtained crystal structures of complexes 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12. We found that the PNS tridentate ligands had different bonding modes in zinc, silver, palladium, and nickel complexes. For examples, in zinc complexes 1 and 2 only P and S atoms were coordinated to the metal while all P, N, and S atoms were coordinated to the Pd metal in Pd complexes. It indicated that thiolether prefers to coordinate to palladium but not to zinc in our cases. When PNS-2 went through different reaction routes, two silver complexes 4 and 5 with different coordination modes a M2L2 type dinuclear complex and a ML2 type mononuclear complex were obtained.. When reacting PNS-2 with nickel, we obtained an unique tetranuclear nickel complex 6. PSN-1 showed two different coordinate modes in complexes 8-10 while PSN-2 and silver produced a dinuclear silver complex 11 that resembled complex 4. PSN-3 coordinated to Pd ion by phosphorus and sulfide atoms. As such, we demonstrated the various coordinated modes in PNS and PSN ligands. Finally PS bidentate ligand reacted with zinc salt produced complex 7 with one oxidized ligand. The variable temperature NMR experiment was also used to probe the structural change that occurred in solution state for 3.

Microbe resistence is a serious issue, especially as they have become resistant to most well known drugs. Therefore this is considered as a global problem and is now dealt with at a poitical level. Since no new classes of antimicrobial agents have been discovered in the past three deacdes, the development of new drugs is extremely urgent. Therefore the aim of this project was to synthesise derivatives of benzimidazole, and then assesses their antimicrobial activities in vitro by using disc (well) diffusion and MICs tests. A total of 69 benzimidazole derivatives, with substituents at positions 1, 2, and 5, were synthesised, characterised and tested against selected bacteria and fungi. In addition, six bezimidazole silver complexes were prepared and evaluated for their antimicrobial behavior. The SAR showed that the antimicrobial activity of the compounds depended on the substituents attached to the bicyclic heterocycle. Some promising results were obtained. In particular, 5 compounds displayed antibacterial activity against two MRSA strains with MIC values corresponding to ciprofloxacin, which can be considered significant. The compounds have some common features; four possess 5-chloro or 5-bromo substituents; two are derivatives of (S)-2- ethanaminebenzimidazole and the others are derivative of one 2-(chloromethyl)-1Hbenzo[d]imidazole, (1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methanethiol and 2-(methoxymethyl)-1-methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole. The results from the antifungal screening were very interesting as there were 26 compounds, including two silver complexes, which were potent fungicides against the selected fungal species. They showed equivalent or greater potentency in their MIC values than amphotericin B. In particular, the 5-fluoro, 5-chloro and 5-bromo benzimidazole showed broad spectrum activity.

Orientador: Pedro Paulo Corbi / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Química / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T10:51:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bergamini_FernandoRodriguesGoulart_M.pdf: 3949422 bytes, checksum: a370801f06af8c8a41524fa60d90e776 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Neste trabalho, são descritas a síntese e a caracterização de três complexos inéditos de prata com os ligantes L-butionina sulfoximina (BSO), ácido 2-tiazolidina carboxílico (2-TC) e ácido 4-tiazolidina carboxílico (4-TC). O complexo de prata com BSO foi caracterizado por um conjunto de análises químicas e espectroscópicas, a saber: análise elementar, análise térmica, espectroscopia na região do infravermelho (IV), espectroscopia Raman, espectroscopia de ressonância magnética no estado sólido de C (C-RMN), estudos por DFT e ensaios biológicos. Os complexos de prata(I) com 2-TC e 4-TC, por sua vez, foram caracterizados por análise elementar, análise térmica, espectroscopia na região do infravermelho (IV), espectroscopia de ressonância magnética no estado sólido de C-RMN e N-RMN, estudos por DFT e ensaios biológicos. O complexo de prata com BSO, [Ag2(BSO)], apresenta uma composição 2:1 metal/ligante, sendo que a coordenação do ligante a um dos átomos de prata ocorre através dos grupamentos amino e carboxilato, enquanto que a coordenação ao segundo átomo de prata ocorre através do nitrogênio da sulfoximina. Os complexos de prata com 2-TC e 4-TC também apresentam proporção 2:1 metal/ligante, com um átomo de prata coordenado através do nitrogênio e o segundo átomo de prata coordenado através do carboxilato. As análises biológicas revelaram que os complexos [Ag2(BSO)], [Ag2(2-TC)] e [Ag2(4-TC)] são efetivos sobre cepas patogênicas Gram-positivas de Staphylococcus aureus, e cepas Gram-negativas de Escherichia coli e Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Abstract: This work deals with the synthesis and characterization of three new silver(I) complexes with the ligands Lbuthionine sulfoximine (BSO), thiazolidine-2 carboxylic acid (2-TC) and thiazolidine-4 carboxylic acid (4-TC). The silver complex with BSO was characterized by elemental and thermal analyses, infrared and Raman spectroscopies, C nuclear magnetic resonance in the solid-state (C-NMR), DFT studies and biological assays. The silver(I) complexes with 2-TC and 4-TC were characterized by elemental and thermal analyses, infrared spectroscopy, C and N nuclear magnetic resonance in the solid-state, DFT studies and biological assays. The silver-BSO complex, [Ag2(BSO)], presents a 2:1 metal/ligand ratio. One of the silver(I) ion was shown to be coordinated through the amine nitrogen atom and the oxygen of carboxylate, while the second ion was shown to be coordinated through the nitrogen atom of the sulfoximine group. The silver(I) complexes with 2-TC and 4-TC also presented a 2:1 metal/ligand ratio, and are coordinated by the nitrogen and the oxygen atom of the carboxylate group. The biological assays revealed that the [Ag2(BSO)], [Ag2(2-TC)] and [Ag2(4-TC)] complexes are active against Gram-positive pathogenic strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Gramnegative pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Mestrado / Quimica Inorganica / Mestre em Química

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-07-20T14:22:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 paulovictorpintodossantos.pdf: 2264483 bytes, checksum: d32e0acf15af39bf9bd4b8f4027d8daf (MD5) / Rejected by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br), reason: on 2017-08-04T11:41:19Z (GMT) / Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-08-04T11:43:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 paulovictorpintodossantos.pdf: 2264483 bytes, checksum: d32e0acf15af39bf9bd4b8f4027d8daf (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-08-09T14:50:25Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 paulovictorpintodossantos.pdf: 2264483 bytes, checksum: d32e0acf15af39bf9bd4b8f4027d8daf (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-09T14:50:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 paulovictorpintodossantos.pdf: 2264483 bytes, checksum: d32e0acf15af39bf9bd4b8f4027d8daf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-23 / No presente trabalho são descritas as sínteses e as caracterizações dos ligantes salizid, o-vanizid, m-vanizid e p-vanizid e de seus respectivos complexos de prata(I), na proporção 1:2 (M:L). Todos os compostos foram analisados por métodos analíticos, técnicas espectroscópicas, como RMN de 1H e de 13C e por difração de raios X, porém somente para o complexo [Ag(o­vanizid)2(NO3)].H2O foi obtida a estrutura cristalina pura, através dos métodos por monocristal e por policristais. Pôde­se concluir que para todos os complexos sintetizados a coordenação ocorre através do átomo de nitrogênio do anel piridínico, e mesmo que os complexos Ag(m-vanizid) e Ag(p-vanizid) não tiveram suas estruturas cristalinas determinadas, os resultados das análises espectroscópicas no IV e RMN de 1H e 13C realizadas para esses compostos corroboram para uma afirmação nesse sentido. Ao comparar­se a estrutura obtida pela difração por policristais com a difração por monocristal do composto Ag(o­vanizid)2(NO3)].H2O, verificou­se que ocorreu empacotamento em sistemas e grupo espaciais diferentes, uma vez que na primeira técnica citada o complexo apresenta­se em um grupo espacial P­1, enquanto que na segunda, o complexo apresenta­se em grupo espacial Pbcn. Isso se deve, possivelmente, pela diferença dos solventes utilizados em cada síntese. Notou­se também que as estruturas obtidas por esses dois métodos de difração se diferenciam pelo tipo de coordenação, uma vez que na forma policristalina há um íon nitrato coordenado à prata. Porém na forma de monocristal, o íon nitrato não se coordena à prata. Assim, pode­se dizer que se trata de um caso de isomeria de coordenação. Foram realizados testes biológicos in vitro para todos os compostos sintetizados, nos quais determinou­se a concentração inibitória mínima (CIM90) dos compostos frente ao Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv (ATCC 27294). Através dos dados obtidos nesse teste biológico pode­se afirmar que todos os compostos apresentaram atividade antimicobacteriana sobre esta bactéria, sendo que para os compostos com substituições nas posições 1,3 (meta) e 1,4 (para) no anel aromático notou­se CIM90 abaixo de 0,09 mg/L indicando um maior impacto na atividade antimicobacteriana que os compostos com substituintes na posição 1,2 (orto). / In the present work, syntheses and characterizations of the salizid, o­vanizid, m­vanizid and p­vanizid ligands and their respective silver complexes in the ratio 1:2 (M:L) have been described. All compounds were analyzed by analytical methods, spectroscopic techniques, such as 1H and 13C NMR and by X­ray diffraction, All compounds were analyzed by analytical methods, spectroscopic techniques such as 1H and 13C NMR and by X­ray diffraction, but only for the complex [Ag(o­vanizid)2(NO3)].H2O was obtained the pure crystalline structure, through single crystal and polycrystalline methods. The Ag(I) coordination of all the synthesized complexes occurs by the nitrogen atom of the pyridine ring, and even considering the absence of crystallography model for Ag(m­vanizid) and Ag(p­vanizid) complexes the obtained results of IR and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopic analyzes corroborate the coordination about silver(I) ions through N of the pyridine moiety. The [Ag(o­vanizid)2(NO3)].H2O crystalline structure has been solved by X Ray diffraction in both monocrystal and polycrystalline methods. The structure obtained by powder diffraction belongs to triclinic system and P­1 space group while the single­crystal method provide us a structure in orthorhombic system and Pbcn as space group. However, the basic structure is the same in both models. It was also observed that the structures obtained by these two methods of diffraction are differentiated by the type of coordination, since in the polycrystalline form there is a nitrate ion coordinated to silver. However in monocrystal form, the nitrate ion does not coordinate with silver. Thus, it can be said that this is a coordination isomerism case. Biological assays, in vitro, were performed for all the compounds synthesized, in which the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC90) of compounds against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv (ATCC 27294) was determined. Higher antibacterial activities against M. tuberculosis were found when the compounds have substitutions in the 1,3 (meta) and 1,4 (para) positions in comparing with ortho (1,2) position in the aromatic ring, showing MIC90 below than 0.09 mg/L.

La catalyse organométallique est l'un des piliers de la synthèse chimique moderne. Elle permet notamment la formation rapide de liaisons carbone-carbone et carbone-hétéroatome, processus les plus importants pour la fabrication des milliers de composés nécessaires à la vie contemporaine. Elle répond également aux critères d'économie d'atomes et d'énergie, et de réduction des déchets, des risques et des coûts de mise en oeuvre d'une réaction chimique.Parmi les thématiques les plus récentes de la synthèse organique, la catalyse homogène à l'or s'est imposée en seulement quelques années comme un outil synthétique très puissant. Elle autorise la génération rapide de complexité moléculaire à partir de substrats simples par l'activation d'insaturations carbonées. Durant ces études, nous avons tenté de tirer profit du caractère carbophile des complexes d'or (1) et (Ill) mais aussi de leur affinité pour certaines fonctions polaires pour transformer des hétérocycles acétyléniques en composés hétéropolycycliques dans des réactions en cascade. La réactivité complémentaire des complexes d'argent (1) a également été exploitée, ces derniers présentant de surcroît une sélectivité remarquable pour la déprotection d'éthers de méthoxybenzyle. / Organometallic catalysis is a key tool of modern chemical synthesis. lts use is ubiquitous in the preparation of bulk or fine chemicals, in particular for the assembly of carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds. Besides its overall efficiency, it responds to the responsible criteria of energy and atom economy, the reduction of waste, risk, and financial costs needed to perform a chemical reaction.ln just a few years, homogenous gold catalysis has emerged as an invaluable tool for the fast generation of molecular complexity. lndeed, it allows the strong electrophilic activation of unsaturated hydrocarbon moieties (e.g. alkynes or alienes). During this PhD thesis, we focused our studies on the use of gold's pi acidity as weil as its "classical" - but less discussed - Lewis acid character for the triggering of cascade reactions.Starting from acetylenic heterocycles, we targeted the synthesis of polycyclic compounds. The milder reactivity of silver complexes was also found useful in these reactions, as weil as in the deprotection of methoxybenzyl ethers.