published_or_final_version / Housing Management / Master / Master of Housing Management

I have outlined some objections to soteriologies that presume that only some are given a chance of eternal life. Such soteriologies can include or exclude those mentally competent but lacking human evangelisation. Fundamental to evaluating soteriologies I have looked at both what sin is (being and doing) and what salvation consists in, as regards divine and human interaction. On the one side I have considered God's goodness - would such a being act unethically regarding man's eternity? On the other hand I have looked at whether, and if so in what way, man is required to respond - in what way or ways is chance (if at all) given. Finally I have considered views about those who die in infancy. Here I have tentatively suggested my own theory which seeks to presume that before death every human being may choose to accept of reject God, a choice integral (I suggest) to salvation. / Department of Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology / M. Th. (Systematic Theology)

El propósito de la presente investigación fue describir la forma en que las organizaciones sin fines de lucro culturales gestionan el proceso de colaboración con instituciones de los sectores empresarial, público y tercer sector identificando los beneficios y limitaciones que se generan para las primeras. La investigación se fundamentó en referencias teóricas acerca de la gestión de las organizaciones sin fines de lucro. Para ello, se adaptó el enfoque sobre gestión de colaboraciones intersectoriales propuesto por Austin (2000), el cual aborda sucesivamente las etapas de establecimiento de contacto inicial, ajuste estratégico, creación de valor y gestión de la colaboración. Este enfoque fue complementado con referencias de distintos autores (Drucker, 2004; Berger, Cunningham & Drumwright, 2004; Instituto de Comunicación y Desarrollo [ICD] de Uruguay, 2015; Schiller & Almog-Bar, 2013; AL-Tabbaa, Leach & March, 2014) que aportaron a la comprensión de las colaboraciones con instituciones de los tres sectores. A continuación, se presentó el contexto de las artes escénicas en el Perú. Se obtuvieron datos al 2013 en los que se identifica una oferta concentrada en la ciudad de Lima (31% de organizaciones) y una demanda limitada, pues el 76% de la población peruana reportó nunca haber asistido al teatro, porcentaje que se incrementa en relación a otros tipos de disciplinas dentro del sector. Así mismo, se identificó que, en los últimos seis años, la inversión del Estado en el sector cultura se ha mantenido por debajo del 1% del presupuesto nacional (cifra recomendada por la UNESCO). La hipótesis general que orienta la investigación plantea que la forma en que las asociaciones culturales gestionan sus colaboraciones es empírica y por ello no es posible la maximización de beneficios obtenidos de ellas. La metodología empleada tuvo un enfoque cualitativo y en total se realizaron 37 entrevistas a profundidad semi estructuradas. Se aplicaron 18 entrevistas a los directivos de seis asociaciones del rubro de las artes escénicas ubicadas en Lima, Trujillo y Arequipa, pues se diseñaron tres versiones de esta herramienta a fin de conocer sus características generales, profundizar en la gestión de colaboraciones y aspectos financieros. Adicionalmente, se entrevistaron a 16 aliados, representantes de organizaciones del sector empresarial, público y tercer sector; y a 3 expertos, profesionales del sector cultural. La información fue codificada en el programa ATLAS.ti 7 y los hallazgos se analizaron de dos formas: por etapas del proceso de gestión de colaboraciones y de manera comparativa por sector.

Att amma är inte enbart en fysiologisk process utan har även en själslig och existentiell dimension. Amningen ses som en väg in i moderskapet och beskrivs som en strävan mot att bli den goda modern. Forskningen visar att bröstmjölk och amning har många gynnsamma hälsoeffekter för både mor och barn. Barnmorskans kompetensområde omfattar sexuell- och reproduktiv hälsa, i detta ingår att kunna ge stöd och råd vid amning och amningssvårigheter. Barnmorskan har en viktig roll i etablerandet av amningen. Huruvida kvinnan fortsätter att amma eller om det blir en lyckad amning är även ett resultat av vårdgivarnas attityder, förhållningssätt och vårdrutiner. Om barnet av någon anledning inte kan amma så måste mamman mjölka ut och ge sin bröstmjölk på andra sätt än genom amning för att upprätthålla sin bröstmjölksbildning. För att kunna förbättra vården och stärka kvinnor som behöver pumpa behövs mer kunskap om hur kvinnor upplever det att inleda amning genom pumpning. Syftet med studien var att beskriva kvinnors upplevelse av pumpning vid inledande amningssvårigheter. En kvalitativ innehållsanalys har använts som metod. I resultatet framkom ett tema vilket var Pumpning hjälper och stjälper kvinnors tilltro till sin egen förmåga att amma. Detta tema omfattas av fyra kategorier; viljan att amma motiverar pumpning; pumpning som ett hinder i det dagliga livet, pumpning medför en känslomässig påverkan samt barnmorskans amningsstödjande roll är betydelsefull. Pumpningen påverkar kvinnans uppfattning om sig själv och sin kropp. Som barnmorska är det viktigt att sätta sig in i kvinnans mål, erfarenheter och behov för att kunna stötta och hjälpa kvinnan på bästa sätt.

Sin taxes have increased significantly during the past three years. There have been different opinions regarding the levying of sin taxes: in relation to whether it helps the government to raise revenue or reduces the consumption thereof. This study therefore investigates the actual purpose for these taxes by means of a literature and empirical review. An increase in sin taxes affects the poor more than the rich because such taxes are classified as a regressive type of tax. The primary research problem addressed by this literature study was to determine the percentage that the lower income earning group of South African citizens, who are funded by social grants, spend on sin taxed items. This study focused on two areas: the social grant system in conjunction with the Consumer Price Index (“CPI”) and the levying of sin taxes in South Africa. Over the years, South Africa has experienced an increase in its levels of poverty. There are eight types of social grants in South Africa, to which the lower income earning South African citizens, who live below the poverty line, are entitled, depending on their circumstances. This study discusses only seven of the eight social grants, by considering the purpose of the social grant, criteria, means testing requirements and the monthly amount available. These grants include the child support grant, old age grant, disability grant, foster care grant, care dependency grant, grant-in-aid and war veteran grant. The CPI of South Africa is briefly addressed in this study, followed by the increases over the past three years. The escalations of the social grants and that of the CPI of South Africa have been compared in order to determine whether the government remains concerned for their lower income earning citizens most of whom live below the poverty line. For purposes of this study, sin taxes have been narrowed down to include only alcoholic beverages and cigarettes. This study determined the increases of sin taxes on these substances over the past three years as well as the consumption thereof. Their consumption was determined by the sales volume. A comparison of the increases and consumption was made, the purpose of which was to determine government’s motivation for these increases. The empirical review of this study investigated the social grant recipients’ spending habits on these items. This was done by means of a self- developed questionnaire. The purpose of the questionnaire was to determine the percentage of their grant money that the social grant recipients spend on alcoholic beverages and cigarettes. The results and findings led to a conclusion which addressed the problem of this study. This study makes recommendations for further investigation of the sin tax implications for the lower income earning South African citizens, who are funded by social grants. / MCom (Accountancy)--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2015

Sin taxes have increased significantly during the past three years. There have been different opinions regarding the levying of sin taxes: in relation to whether it helps the government to raise revenue or reduces the consumption thereof. This study therefore investigates the actual purpose for these taxes by means of a literature and empirical review. An increase in sin taxes affects the poor more than the rich because such taxes are classified as a regressive type of tax. The primary research problem addressed by this literature study was to determine the percentage that the lower income earning group of South African citizens, who are funded by social grants, spend on sin taxed items. This study focused on two areas: the social grant system in conjunction with the Consumer Price Index (“CPI”) and the levying of sin taxes in South Africa. Over the years, South Africa has experienced an increase in its levels of poverty. There are eight types of social grants in South Africa, to which the lower income earning South African citizens, who live below the poverty line, are entitled, depending on their circumstances. This study discusses only seven of the eight social grants, by considering the purpose of the social grant, criteria, means testing requirements and the monthly amount available. These grants include the child support grant, old age grant, disability grant, foster care grant, care dependency grant, grant-in-aid and war veteran grant. The CPI of South Africa is briefly addressed in this study, followed by the increases over the past three years. The escalations of the social grants and that of the CPI of South Africa have been compared in order to determine whether the government remains concerned for their lower income earning citizens most of whom live below the poverty line. For purposes of this study, sin taxes have been narrowed down to include only alcoholic beverages and cigarettes. This study determined the increases of sin taxes on these substances over the past three years as well as the consumption thereof. Their consumption was determined by the sales volume. A comparison of the increases and consumption was made, the purpose of which was to determine government’s motivation for these increases. The empirical review of this study investigated the social grant recipients’ spending habits on these items. This was done by means of a self- developed questionnaire. The purpose of the questionnaire was to determine the percentage of their grant money that the social grant recipients spend on alcoholic beverages and cigarettes. The results and findings led to a conclusion which addressed the problem of this study. This study makes recommendations for further investigation of the sin tax implications for the lower income earning South African citizens, who are funded by social grants. / MCom (Accountancy)--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2015

This dissertation consists of a novel, The Buddha on Page 13 and a dissertation of limited extent, "Buddhist symbolism and metaphoric, and the perception of sin, guilt and punishment in The Buddha on Page 13." In the dissertation of limited extent the role that guilt plays in the motivation of an individual's actions is investigated. The Christian and Buddhist views of sin are compared, and the conclusion is made that neither Christianity nor Buddhism can explain why mankind experiences the feeling of guilt. The central character, Toit Brink, finally accepts this "so-ness" of things: "thathatha". The dissertation explains how the style of the text wishes to be neutral, and how this neutrality is harnessed for Buddhist reasons. The Buddhist element in the novel's symbolism and metaphoric is illuminated, as well as the apparent contradiction of some of the metaphors. / Afrikaans & Theory of Literature / M.A. (Afrikaans)

No description available.

The Christian doctrine of original sin has ever since the Reformation been a central part of Lutheran theological understandings of human beings. Therefore it is of vital importance to see how this doctrine can be understood in a plausible way, with regards to contemporary society, 500 years after Luther is said to have nailed his 95 thesis to the door of the church in Wittenberg. The present study explores what contemporary issues different interpretations of the doctrine must interact with, and suggest a way of evaluating the plausibility and Lutheran identity of such interpretations. Two expositions of the doctrine of original sin published by Lutheran theologians in the 2010s are then evaluated: Utanför paradiset by Eva-Lotta Grantén (ethicist, Uppsala) and In Adam’s Fall by Ian A. McFarland (professor of Divinity, Cambridge). Particularly four aspects of their interpretations are analysed: the relationship to human experience, the integration of contemporary science and culture, the internal coherence and their narrative’s Lutheran authenticity. Even though both interpretations have their flaws, they can largely be seen as both plausible and Lutheran. Grantén gives a wholly existential picture of the original sin, while McFarland tends to see it in ontological terms. In order to avoid the pitfalls in their interpretations, a further developed understanding of the doctrine is proposed, integrating both the ontological and existential aspects.

No description available.