Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka livsåskådningsproblematik i Kerstin Ekmans romantrilogi Vargskinnet bestående av romanerna Guds barmhärtighet, Sista rompan och Skraplotter, med hjälp av teologisk analys. Undersökningen är organiserad så att livsåskådningsproblematiker urskiljs vid en textcentrerad läsning av trilogin. Dessa livsåskådningsproblematiker får fungera som kompass för urval av teologisk teori. Den dubbla frågan i analysen är hur livsåskådningsproblematikerna framskrivs i det skönlitterära urvalet och hur det framskrivna kan förstås med hjälp av den teologiska teorin, sammanfattad i två analysbegrepp. Framläsningen av den skönlitterära texten med avseende på livsåskådnings-problematikerna, form och innehåll samt de teologiska begreppsparen ger stöd för att det teologiska begreppet arvsynd är relevant att undersöka romantrilogin Vargskinnet med. Det visar även hur en tvådelad, kombinerad tolkningsansats kan utlägga, förstå och framskriva dels den skönlitterära texten utifrån dess egen tematik – livsåskådningsproblematiken – dels den skönlitterära gestaltningen utifrån arvsyndsteori, genom de möjliga livsförhållanden som den skönlitterära romantrilogin Vargskinnet utgör.

Bachelor Thesis in Religious Science III, by Karin Angleborg.Karlstad University, 2013. Mentor: Sören DaleviOriginal Sin and the Child- In a Historical and Late Modern Swedish ContextThe purpose of this thesis is to analyze how the view of the child in relation to the Original Sin has developed during Christian history, and what the late modern Swedish debate has contributed with.Question formulation:1. What is the historical view on Original Sin and its relation to the child?2. Which voices has participated in the late modern Swedish debate about Original Sin and the relationship between Original Sin and the child?3. How can the late modern Swedish debate about the Original Sin and its relation to the child be understood in relation to the historical perspective?A qualitative textual analysis is used as a method to answer the purpose and questions of this thesis. Different theologians from both a historical and a late modern Swedish context are analyzed for the thesis in order to identify the tendencies that influence the Original Sin debate. The results of the analysis include identification of two common themes within the historical perspective, themes which are also present in the late modern Swedish debate.

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Uppsatsen redogör för hur resonemanget i Svenska kyrkan förs kring arvsyndsläran under perioden 2000–2015, samt hur utvalda texter ur Svenska kyrkans bekännelseskrifter beskriver arvsynden. Utifrån denna redogörelse görs därefter en hermeneutisk jämförelse av de olika beskrivningarna, för att se vilka resonemang som gjort sig gällande, och hur de ställer sig till arvsyndsläran i jämförelse med de äldre, men för Svenska kyrkan, ännu gällande bekännelserna. Undersökningen vill försöka svara på frågorna.  - Hur förs resonemanget i Svenska kyrkan kring arvsyndsläran under perioden 2000– 2015?  - Vilka likheter och skillnader framträder i en jämförelse med det material om arvsynden som återfinns i Svenska kyrkans bekännelseskrifter?  Det första som kan konstateras är att arvsynden och arvsyndsläran inte har varit det mest aktuella samtalsämnet under den gällande undersökningsperioden.  Det verkar dock finnas en önskan, och ett behov av diskussion i ämnet. Resultatet av mötet mellan de nya och de äldre texterna visar att det skett en förskjutning på vart man lägger fokus. Det är andra aspekter och frågor som betonas, och det går att spåra tre olika linjer, i de resonemang som förts mellan 2000–2015: 1. En helt i enlighet med den lutherska bekännelsen – där man anser att den lutherska bekännelsen håller, och bör stå oemotsagd. 2. En förändringsstävande – där man i extremaste fall vill förända inte bara arvsynden uttrycksmässigt, utan även själva innehållet i arvsyndsläran. 3. En lite mittemellan – där man söker andra uttrycksformer, men står fast vid läran. Denna linje tenderar att vara något undvikande i sin framställning. Trots detta blir slutsatsen att texterna ändå försöker att förmedla samma budskap under ytan, om än på väldigt skilda sätt, och med olika formuleringar och ton, vilket mest tycks beror på andra förutsättningar och en annan kontext.

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The Christian doctrine of original sin has ever since the Reformation been a central part of Lutheran theological understandings of human beings. Therefore it is of vital importance to see how this doctrine can be understood in a plausible way, with regards to contemporary society, 500 years after Luther is said to have nailed his 95 thesis to the door of the church in Wittenberg. The present study explores what contemporary issues different interpretations of the doctrine must interact with, and suggest a way of evaluating the plausibility and Lutheran identity of such interpretations. Two expositions of the doctrine of original sin published by Lutheran theologians in the 2010s are then evaluated: Utanför paradiset by Eva-Lotta Grantén (ethicist, Uppsala) and In Adam’s Fall by Ian A. McFarland (professor of Divinity, Cambridge). Particularly four aspects of their interpretations are analysed: the relationship to human experience, the integration of contemporary science and culture, the internal coherence and their narrative’s Lutheran authenticity. Even though both interpretations have their flaws, they can largely be seen as both plausible and Lutheran. Grantén gives a wholly existential picture of the original sin, while McFarland tends to see it in ontological terms. In order to avoid the pitfalls in their interpretations, a further developed understanding of the doctrine is proposed, integrating both the ontological and existential aspects.

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ABSTRACTIn the autumn of 2017 361 testimonies of sexualized violence and abuse from women, previously or currently active in the Church of Sweden, were published under the hashtag #vardeljus as a part of #metoo. Neither the church nor theology can ignore or avoid the subject after this publication. However, despite this obvious need to address #vardeljus theologically, there has been a lack of theological reflection within a Swedish context. Indeed, the questions of if and how theology continue to contribute to the legitimation and maintenance of structures that enable sexualised violence and how theology can help women exposed to sexualised violence remain largely unanswered. This study therefore aims to provide some answers. Firstly, it seeks to identify what needs are expressed in the testimonies from #vardeljus by examining the theological conclusions about these, as drawn by Anne Sörman, from a feminist theological perspective. Secondly, it analyses whether contemporary interpretations of original sin by Lutheran theologians Eva-Lotta Grantén and Anna Karin Hammar contain useful, relevant, and sufficient resources to meet these demands and acknowledge women who experienced sexualised violence in church environments. Thirdly, this study contributes to the future shaping of theology by concluding which complements are needed to ensure that theological interpretations of sin, such as for example those by Grantén and Hammar, are relevant also for women subjected to sexualized violence. By using feminist theological textual analysis, where key themes as represented by Susan Frank Parsons, Sólveig Anna Bóasdóttir, Rita Nakashima Brock and Rebecca Ann Parker are defined and used, this study queries whether these needs are acknowledged and met in interpretations of original sin by Grantén and Hammar. In this examination their usage of such theological concepts as original sin, sin, accountability and guilt are weighted against the #vardeljus-experiences of sexualised violence in order to establish whether original sin is a concept suitable for acknowledging women and including them in theology. Grantén and Hammar attempt to make original sin a useful and understandable concept for contemporary believers, although they differ in their interpretations of this concept. Grantén considers that original sin entails guilt which primarily concerns and affects the relation between an individual and God and only secondarily interhuman relationships. Hammar argues against the usage of original sin and guilt and instead proposes to use destruction and (original) accountability as contemporary-friendlier alternatives. However, neither Grantén, whose main concern is to study original sin as a cause to the existence of sin and evil, nor Hammar, who applies a more consequence-directed approach, manages to adequately acknowledge or adapt their interpretations after women’s experiences of being victims to sexualised violence. This study concludes that if contemporary interpretations of original sin aren’t supplemented with interpretations that illuminate differences within a group where everybody is a sinner, acknowledge women as victims, emphasise the need of identifying and holding perpetrators accountable, and, at the same time, offer tangible help to victims, then the resources that the concept of original sin offers are neither helpful nor relevant to women that are victims of sexualised violence.

The aim of this study is to explore how the concept of sin, guilt and responsibility can be used in the contemporary discourse of the climate catastrophe. In a comparative textual study on Sallie McFague’s A New Climate for Theology and Richard Bauckham’s Bible and Ecology these concepts are analyzed. The conclusion is that McFague and Bauckham both uses “responsibility” frequently, but neither “sin” or “guilt” are well used in there works. Yet, when they reflect on “sin”, both of them abandons the (in the western theology classical) Augustine theology on sin. McFague when she argues that “evil” is a perversion of good rather than a consequence of an external reality, Bauckham when he claims that the fall of sin is an ongoing process rather than a momentary event.   Hannah Arendt and Alistair McFadyen are used as an interpretative and theoretical background to the conclusions of McFague and Bauckham in the discussion that follows the comparative textual study. Arendt and McFadyen reflects on sin, guilt and responsibility with the Holocaust as context. In the discussion, their thoughts on the Holocaust are essayed to apply on the contemporary climate catastrophe. Hannah Arendt talks about “collective responsibility” and “personal guilt”, concepts that in the discussion part, when applied on the climate catastrophe and in a better way fits the contemporary situation, inverts to “collective guilt” and “personal responsibility”. The talk of collective guilt tangent the Augustine teaching of original sin where sin is a common heritage from the fall of sin. McFadyen uses original sin to explain the mechanism of the German people during the Holocaust which in many ways are similar to the processes of the climate catastrophe of today.    In the discussion of this study, original sin is used as a model to better understand the fact that people cannot escape guilt in the contemporary situation and to comprehend why people act as they do. The study intends accordingly to in a constructive way contribute with new perspectives on sin, guild and responsibility to the ecological theology of today.