With the improvement in VLSI technology, realization of multiple processor cores on a single chip becomes easier. Therefore, more and more users execute applications on current multi-core architectures. The multi-core system has a brilliant performance in executing multi-threaded applications, but this system could not gain any performance in single-threaded applications. This paper proposes a multi-core architecture for enhancing single-threaded performance in embedded system, and focuses on four points: 1. Construct a simple out-of-order execution core. 2. Design a dynamically scheduled instruction analyzer. 3. Design a mechanism for sharing operands between two cores. 4. Design a mechanism for committing instructions synchronously between two cores. The architecture of each core is single-issue out-of-order instruction pipe. First, instruction analyzer will fetch instructions and generate instruction dependence tags by detecting the dependencies among the fetched instructions, then schedule instructions dynamically and dispatch to the cores. In the core, instructions can know where to get required operands according to the information of instruction tags, this mechanism enables data can be shared between two cores. Instructions are executed by data-driven approach, but in-order complete to maintain the correctness of the program order. Based on ARM instruction set, this paper tries to explore ways to achieve interaction control mechanisms between two cores and to accelerate a single-thread in the dual-core architecture. We write a simulation model of the proposed architecture in C language as our trace-driven simulation framework and the MediaBench suite is selected for the experiments. According simulation result, the architecture can obtain average 40% performance speedup comparing to the five-stage pipelined architecture.

There has been a growing interest in applying concepts and strategies of brand management in the political sphere. However, it has been argued that the phenomenon of political brand image has been given little attention. Therefore the purpose of this study is to explore the political brand image of the Sweden Democrats from voters’ perspective. The choice of exploring the Sweden Democrats opposed to other parties is that it has tried to rebrand itself from its previous racist ideologies and from being a single-party issue party. The study is based on different theories about brand image. Three dimensions will be used, brand awareness, perceived brand quality and brand associations, in order to cover the phenomenon political brand image. This study is conducted as a qualitative case study with a realistic approach. The analysis and findings show that participants still have perceptions related to the party’s history and that it still to a large extent is perceived as a single-issue party. However, it has also appeared that the Sweden Democrats to some extent are on the right way to stop being associated with racism. Limitations within this study are, time restriction and lack of knowledge whether participants sympathize with the Sweden Democrats or not. The practical implication is that this study could be of use both of the Sweden Democrats and other parties who seek to explore political brand image. The original value of the study is that it acknowledges the three dimensions when exploring political brand image.

Sverige har som mål att bli helt fossilfri till år 2045. Energymyndigheten har därför tagit fram ett förslag till Vätgasstrategi för att ställa om vätgasproduktionen till att vara helt fossilfri till 2045. Idag används ca 180 000 ton vätgas, vilket motsvarar ett energiinnehåll på ca 6 TWh. Termo-kemisk omvandling av fossila bränslen står för 67% av Sveriges vätgasproduktion, medan 30% är biprodukter från industriella processer och 3% produceras med elektrolysörer. Att ersätta all fossil vätgas med elektrolysör-baserad vätgas innebär en elförbrukning motsvarande 60-126 TWh/år, vilket är en ökning på 40-80% jämfört med de 159 TWh el producerade i Sverige 2020. Energimyndigheten bedömer att vätgas har en viktig roll i att lyckas göra Sverige fossilfritt, delvis genom att den ska kunna fungera som energibärare eller energilagring för att jämna ut variationer i produktion hos förnybara energikällor. Av den anledningen kommer antagligen behovet av vätgas öka, och därmed även energibehovet för att producera vätgas öka ännu mer än 60-126 TWh/år om den fossila vätgasen ska bli ersatt med endast elektrolysör-baserad vätgas. Med tanke på begränsningar i expansion av förnybar elproduktion, kommer behovet av vätgas antagligen inte kunna täckas av endast elektrolysör-baserad vätgas. Därför bör möjligheterna för att även satsa på bio-vätgas, där vätgas produceras av antingen bakterier eller genom refinery av biobaserade råvaror, undersökas. Detta examensarbete ska undersöka möjligheter för vätgasproduktion i Sverige och jämföra olika produktionteknikers förutsättningar. En hypotes är att en hållbar strategi är att kombinera elektrolysör-baserad vätgas med bio-vätgas för att få en diversifierad produktion. Att ha olika produktionsmetoder som komplementerar varandra ger en mer stabil och säker produktion, eftersom de kommer påverkas olika av förändringar i produktionsförutsättningar i samhället. Detta arbete söker svara på följande frågor: Vilka tekniker finns tillgängliga för industriell/kommersiell produktion, var borde R&D riktas för de tekniker som inte är redo för kommersiell produktion, vilket Carbon Footprint (CF) har de olika teknikerna, en uppskattad produktionskostnad för de olika teknikerna, och vilken tillgänglighet för de olika råvarorna finns i Sverige? / Sweden has a goal to be completely fossil-free by 2045. Accordingly, the government has published a suggested Hydrogen Strategy to have made all hydrogen production in Sweden fossil-free by 2045. The Swedish hydrogen use is 180,000 ton, equaling an energy content of 6 TWh/year. Thermo-chemical conversion of fossil fuels accounts for 67% of Swedens hydrogen production, while 30% is byproducts from industry and 3% is electrolysis production. To replace all fossil hydrogen with electrolysis production, would give an increase of electrical demand with 60-126 TWh/year, or 40-80% increase compared to the 159 TWh electricity produced during 2020 in Sweden. Furtherly, the Ministry of Energy deem hydrogen to be key in the general transformation of Sweden to become fossil-free, with one reason being that hydrogen can be used as energy carrier to even out the variations in electricity production that renewable energy has. The need of hydrogen will therefore most likely increase until 2045, thus the electric energy demand for hydrogen production will increase as well, if it would be replaced solely with production using electrolysis. Given the constraints to the capacity of electricity production from renewable sources alone in Sweden, the electricity demand for hydrogen cannot be met by the electricity production. Thus, the possible role of biohydrogen, where hydrogen is produced using biorefinery or microbial production, should be investigated. This master thesis project will investigate the feasibility of hydrogen production in Sweden and compare different options for hydrogen production. A hypothesis of the project is that the most sustainable strategy for hydrogen production in Sweden will be with a diversified portfolio of production designs. Both biohydrogen and electrolysis hydrogen from renewable energy will complement each other in the future. By doing so, the energy sector will be more sustainable and stable since the techniques do not react alike to change in production conditions. The report aims to answer: What techniques are available for industrial production, where should R&D be directed for techniques not ready for industry, what is the estimated carbon footprint (CF) of the industrially available techniques, what is the estimated production cost for each technique, what availability is there in Sweden for the feedstock needed for each technique?