企業為求成長與永續經營變革乃必須的歷程，而徵諸許多變革歷程的資料，人力資源管理所扮演的角色與功能已經日益突顯，從以往執行者角色，逐漸蛻化成推動變革者，策略夥伴的角色。 　　而全球化、新科技、人力市場結構的急速變遷以及市場回應速度，更使得人力資源管理在變革中所承擔的功能越趨複雜，實有必要深入探討。 1) 將變革人資與六標準差一並做研究，恐會備多力分，宜更加緊約，俾 能更邏輯。 2) 部分資料引用係次級資料宜加以改進。 3) 資料求證上因受到限制，致未能完全達到測試期求結果。 4) 應在財務成效外繼續研討組織變革與策略在變革上做更進一步研究。 5) 較偏重訓練對變革的影響，宜擴及至其他人資功能在變革過程角色 的研究。 / For the rapid growth and sustainable management purposes， Change has become an inevitable process in many businesses， however， the role of Human Resource to participate in managing change now is more prominent than ever from time to time， from the implementer in the earlier stage， gradually becomes the change facilitator and even now the partner during the strategic decision stage. Globalization， new technology， the fast changing of human market infrastructure， and the need of quick response for market situation， enable the function and role of Human Resource to be more complicated， and this is main purpose for this study， to study the role and function of Human Resource on managing change. 1) It was rather difficult to integrate change ，sigma and Human Resource together to complete this thesis， and more logic process should be address. 2) Some data and literature are from sub level， should be improved. 3) It was a little regret due to the condition and limitation during the survey process， the accuracy of some result are below the expectation， should be improved then as we make the similar study. 4) Most result are based on financial performance， should be expanded to the organizational development and strategy. 5) Too much emphasized and focus on the impact of training，and some other HR functions like performance management，moral and motivation should be further studied.

<p> </p><p><strong>Degree Project Advanced Level - Business Administration, Linnaeus Business School at Linnaeus University, Business Process and Supply Chain Management, 4FE02E, Spring 2010.</strong></p><p> </p><p><strong>Authors:</strong> Muhammad Rizwan ul Haque, Ahmed Nawaz Shaikh, Kamonmarn Jaenglom, Zaheer Tariq</p><p><strong>Tutor:</strong> Petra Andersson</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Title: Supplier Selection Process Improvement through Six-Sigma DMAIC (A case of Lafarge Pakistan Cement Limited)</strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Cement industry is considered to be an intensive supplier base industry. Cement manufacturing involves several types of suppliers ranging from general utilities to large plant equipments. Also, supply chain performance is significant topic in many cement organisations. The supply chain department at Lafarge Pakistan Cement Limited (LPCL) wants to inspect and improve their supplier selection process. The intended objective of this inspection is two folded. First, LPCL wants to develop a competitive supplier base out of bulk suppliers available in the market that would result in competitive advantage over its competitors. Second, they want to improve their supplier selection process so that there would be low variance and exclusion of unnecessary activities that would ultimately help in achieving the cost, quality and service enhancement objectives.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Research question: </strong></p><p>How can the existing supplier selection process at Lafarge Pakistan Cement Limited (LPCL) be improved by applying Six-Sigma DMAIC?</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong></p><p>This thesis is a descriptive case study and was conducted with a deductive approach. Data was collected through interviews, discussions and questionnaire. The scientific credibility of this thesis was secured by using many sources, avoidance of assumptions, studying a common process and following standardized steps of supplier selection.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong></p><p>The existing process of supplier selection at LPCL was defined and mapped to understand the process characteristics and capabilities. The existing process was then analysed to identify problem areas, variations and unnecessary activities. Corrective actions were recommended to deal with problem areas and an improved supplier selection process for LPCL was suggested with process coordination and control measures.</p><p><strong>Suggestions for future research:</strong></p><p>Based on the findings of this thesis, we suggest that the further research for LPCL could be done in the area of sourcing and suppliers relationship management. Sourcing; a study could examine the sourcing policy at LPCL on purchasing practises of products. It would also be interesting to focus more on this area which leads to excellent cost reduction. Using scenario method could compare and analyse regional, national and worldwide sourcing. Supplier Relationship Management; a study could investigate supplier relationship management that leads to creating a competitive advantage for LPCL through the development of supplier performance monitoring and supplier development programme. More details could continuously move towards cost reduction, increased reliability and risk mitigation, transparency of supplier costs and quality, and enhanced efficiency of sourcing process.</p>

成功的企業要有能力隨時依經營環境的變遷，來調整公司的經營方針和策略，才不會因時代進步而面臨被淘汰的危機。企業面臨的競爭壓力也是與日俱增，現在企業面臨的，是全世界的挑戰，仍一味採用過去的思考模式經營，可能會因為進步緩慢而難以因應快速變遷的市場。企業領導人應環境變遷導引組織內變革應用到企業內各個單位，每次的改變必須有一定的學理或實務作參考依據，才不會失去了前進的方向，因為錯誤的改變可能會引導企業走向結束營業的危機。 本研究針對6 Sigma理論基礎先行探討，了解其活動之特性；而對推動的領導者風格及相關管理工具運用，除深入研究運作的理論基礎外，也檢討以策略為基礎組織規劃推論，以為完整企業成功變革之理論基礎與最佳實務之參考。 針對在學術文獻回顧中發現的可議論點，本研究也由中外企業個案公司全球策略執行時提出延伸或不同的看法，從個案研究歸納出以六標準差成功變革企業成功經驗，以增進學術論文論點的完整性及實證性。 最後，以六標準差策略活動的推動對組織帶來最大化的效益，做為後續學術研究者，或任何企業追求最佳標竿實務的參考。 / Great emphasis is placed upon the complexity and turbulence of the business contexts within today’s managers need to manage changes and align their corporate strategy and policy deployment in a bid for sustainable future. The challenge of global competition, increasingly in its very velocity, paves the way in which any of the businesses must transcend the preconceived legacy system where the change occurs. Visionary leaders usually trigger each change management initiative throughout their hierarchical organization reforms by which applicable management foundations or practices are adapted to new situations. It prevents any business, only through systematically structured change management, from bogging down into the unrecoverable crisis situation, but rather realize their systematically determined patterns of business growth or faster adaptation. This research explores the framework wherein Six Sigma theories and practices are set on the foundation around which the relevant management philosophy and tools are discussed. It is deemed as the most critical factor in which top management leaderships are heavily related to the business performance result and the extent of business excellence achievement. Built upon the debatable issues of management theorems in the literature review, a number of business propositions are made from which we conclude both the foreign and domestic case companies in this research, in anticipation for constructing a best-fit organization change by virtue of Six Sigma way in a more comprehensive and empirical approach. Last but not the least, the benefits result from Six Sigma management execution are presented in the concluding chapter, by which it will set the examples of the best practices for followers and practitioners in pursuit for Six Sigma philosophy.

Motorola在1980年代中期透過實施了六標準差方法，因而拉近了與日本企業的品質差距，同時也透過實施了六標準差方法，使得Motorola變得更有競爭優勢，之後奇異的其總裁傑克.威爾許更大幅地推動此套方法的普及，將六標準差全面的導入奇異的日常作業流程中，因此現在的六標準差，除了具備統計上的意義外，也代表著一套非常有系統的流程改善方法，甚至有些企業更以其作為企業策略與營運經營的方法，讓六標準差的應用範圍越來越廣。 本研究以六標準差改善手法的DMAIC步驟，來進行個案公司衛星廣播產品線UPA-ST組裝線的生產力提升。而在使用此方法之前，本研究則運用限制理論的思維來思考如何找出影響組裝線生產力的主要因素，因此本研究在界定的階段就發現了影響UPA-ST組裝線的生產力的關鍵因素主要有三項，第一項為瓶頸工站，第二項為工時變異大的工站，第三項則為組裝線未平衡的作業。針對各項關鍵因素，本研究透過數據的蒐集與分析來瞭解這三項關鍵因素如何影響組裝線的生產力，最後則透過了作業拆解與同步作業來提升了瓶頸工作站的生產力、透過了工站順序調動與合併來使組裝線能夠平衡、瞭解變異的來源與建立自主品檢流程來降低變異性大的工作站之變異，藉由減少這三項關鍵因素對組裝線生產力的影響，因此也使此條組裝線最後能增加產出與減少人力資源的投入，因而提升了生產力。 / Motorola used six-sigma way to shorten the quality difference in the middle of 1980s. Also, it became more competitive via six-sigma way. Then, the president of GE, Jack Welch, made much effort to popularize this way and implemented into this way to the daily process of GE. As a result, besides the meaning of statistics, current six-sigma also represents the set of systematic way to improve process. Further, some companies use it as strategies and operation ways. These cause the application of six-sigma way become more and more broad. This research use DMAIC steps of six-sigma way to increase the productivity of UPA-ST ‘s satellite broadcast product line. Before using this way, this research use limitation theory to think how to find the major factors which would influence the productivity of the assemble line. Consequently, this research finds there are three major factors to influence the productivity of UPA-ST’s assemble line: the first is the bottleneck station, the second is the station which exists big variance of working time, the third is the unbalance operation of the assemble line. For each major factors, this research uses data collection and analysis to understand how these three major factors affect the productivity of assemble line. Finally, it increases the productivity via taking apart the operation and synchronous way; it makes assemble line balance via adjust the order of work station and combination; it reduces the variance of the working station which exists big variance via understanding the source of variance and building the autonomous quality-control process. Through reducing the productivity influence of these three major factors, it consequently make the assemble line increase the output and reduce the input of manpower to increase the productivity.

Bakgrund: Vid idiopatisk lungfibros (IPF) är dyspné det dominerande symtomet, vilket påverkar gångsträckan. Andra patientkategorier har ökat gångsträckan och minskat dyspnén efter inspirationsmuskelträning (IMT). Endast två studier angående IMT för personer med IPF har hittats och ingen av dessa studier har IMT som enda studieintervention.   Syfte: Syftet var att undersöka om IMT ökar andningsmuskelstyrkan (MIP), om gångsträcka och dyspné förändras efter träningen samt om det finns ett samband mellan MIP och gångsträcka, MIP och dyspné samt gångsträcka och dyspné.   Metod: Single-subject experimentell design användes. Sex personer med IPF deltog. IMT genomfördes under åtta veckor. Under baslinje, intervention och cirka sex veckor efter interventionsslutet mättes MIP med Micro RPM® och gångsträcka med sex-minuters gångtest. Dyspnén skattades med Borg CR-10-skala och University of California San Diego Shortness of Breath Questionnaire (UCSD SOBQ).   Resultat: Resultatet varierade mellan studiedeltagarna. Fyra deltagare ökade MIP. Fem studiedeltagare hade en kliniskt relevant ökning av gångsträcka. Fyra deltagare hade en kliniskt relevant minskad dyspné vid skattning med Borg CR-10 i vila eller UCSD SOBQ. Korrelationen mellan MIP och gångsträcka var signifikant för två studiedeltagare med rs 0,88 respektive 0,99.   Konklusion: IMT kan öka MIP och ge kliniskt relevanta förbättringar av gångsträcka och dyspné. Alla studiedeltagare drar ej nytta av träningen. Fortsatta studier behövs för att undersöka vilka som har nytta av IMT och vilken träningsmängd som behövs för att uppnå förbättring. / Introduction: In idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), dyspnoea is the predominant symptom that affects walking distance. In other patient categories, walking distance has been increased and dyspnoea has been reduced after inspiratory muscle training (IMT). Only two studies on IMT for people with IPF have been found and none of these studies have IMT as the sole study intervention. Purpose: The purpose was to investigate whether IMT increases respiratory muscle strength (MIP), if walking distance and dyspnoea alter after practice, and if there is a relation between MIP and walking distance, MIP and dyspnoea and walking distance and dyspnoea. Method: Single-subject experimental design was used. Six people with IPF participated. IMT was carried out in eight weeks. During baseline, intervention and about six weeks after the intervention, MIP was measured with Micro RPM® and walking distance with a six-minute walk test. Dyspnoea was estimated with Borg CR 10-scale and the University of California, San Diego Shortness of Breath Questionnaire (UCSD SOBQ). Results: The results varied among the study participants. For four participants, the MIP increased. Five study participants had a clinically relevant increase in walking distance. Four participants had a clinically relevant reduction in dyspnoea on measuring with Borg CR 10 at rest or UCSD SOBQ. The correlation between MIP and walking distance was significant for two study participants with rs 0.88 and 0.99, respectively. Conclusion: IMT can increase MIP and provide clinically relevant improvements in walking distance and dyspnoea. All study participants do not benefit from exercise. Further studies are needed to determine which ones have the advantage of IMT and the amount of exercise needed to achieve improvement.

<p>U tezi je prikazana analiza pogona sa šestofaznom asimetričnom<br />asinhronom mašinom koja se napaja iz šestofaznog invertora.<br />Predložen je novi način upravljanja šestofaznim invertorom kojim<br />su rešeni nedostaci do sada predloženih tehnika upravljanja a koji<br />se pre svega ispoljavaju kroz dva aspekta: nekontrolisano generisanje<br />dodatnih gubitaka i teška implementacija u komercijalno dostupne<br />digitalne kontrolere. Rezultati svih teorijskih analiza i navoda su<br />dokazani računarskim simulacijama i eksperimentalnim putem.<br />Eksperimentalna verifikacija je ostvarena korištenjem<br />laboratorijskog prototipa koji se temelji na dSPACE kontrolnom<br />sistemu.</p> / <p>Doctoral thesis shows the analysis of the dual three-phase induction machine<br />drive. A novel way of driving of the six-phase inverter is proposed. A<br />proposed method solves disadvantages of currently proposed driving<br />techniques which are manifested in two aspects: the uncontrolled generation<br />of additional losses and difficult implementation in commercially available<br />digital controllers. The results of theoretical analysis and the statements are<br />proven by computer simulation and experimentally. Experimental verification<br />is achieved using a laboratory prototype that is based on dSPACE control<br />system.</p>

This study involved the effects of a perceptual motor enrichment program upon the motor skills of a six year old boy with cerebellar brain damage, who, with a control group of ten normal six year olds, was given a pre-test of motor skills. He and a child from the control group participated in a perceptual-motor enrichment program. The motor skills of both subjects were tested halfway through the program. Following the program, the experimental child, the control child, and the control group were post-tested on their motor skills. The testings showed that the greatest gains in motor skills were obtained by the experimental child, followed by the control child. The control group displayed little increase in motor skill performance.

This thesis evaluates tragic characters from three representative tragedies, Macbeth, Antigone, and Death of a Salesman, in terms of Lawrence Kohlberg's six stage theory of moral development. A tragic character's moral judgment is described as being founded on universal values and principles which determine stage placement. The tragic situation is precipitated by conflict experienced by a character between his present stage form of evaluation and the more preferred, differentiated and integrated form of the next higher stage. Since Kohlberg's theory is cognitive-developmental with the moral principle of justice emerging autonomously at the stage six level, its application aids in supporting a view of tragedy based on a moral order having justice as its highest principle and on a continuity independent of historical and cultural influence.

The aim of the thesis is to determine whether there are limits that may restrict kindergarten headmaster in the strategic management of the school, considering a six-year term in office. The thesis consists of two main parts. In the theoretical part, the concepts such as strategic management of the school, position of the kindergarten headmaster and a six-year term in office are explained. The research part describes the processes at the school. Methods of observation, interview, questionnaires and document analyses, are used in order to collect the data which are coded, categorized, and then used to form a story.

The diploma thesis aims to describe and reconstruct the media image of the Six-Day War based on the analysis of selected articles from official contemporary Polish and Czechoslovak daily newspapers, which were being published during the event, from 5 to 10 June 1967 until the War of Attrition. An emphasis is placed on the portrayal of the Six-Day War and the comparison of media images of the conflict in Czechoslovak and Polish daily newspapers. The thesis also attempts to show the impact of a different domestic policy situation and historical factors on shaping media discourse in Czechoslovakia and Poland. The thesis is divided into two parts - theoretical and practical. The theoretical part presents the historical context of the event in relation to Czechoslovakia and Poland, the development of the media and selected daily newspapers. The theoretical part is also dedicated to the principles of propaganda, newspeak and critical discourse analysis. This method is used to analyse texts from the Czechoslovak and Polish daily newspapers - Rudé právo, Svobodné slovo, Mladá fronta, Lidová demokracie, Zemědělské noviny, Pravda, Trybuna Ludu, Żołnierz Wolności, Głos Robotniczy, Słowo Polskie, Życie Warszawy, Express Wieczorny. The results of the analysis are presented in the final chapter. Key words...