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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

六標準差應用於工程專案管理的研究-以A公司為例 / A study of applying six sigma to the engineering project management-the case study of a company

郭秋東, Kuo, Chiu Tung Unknown Date (has links)
在現今微利時代的競爭環境下,企業為了強化本身競爭優勢,無不致力於持續改善企業流程效率。對工程產業界而言,流程是否有效率,重點在於工程專案管理在各階段執行時的績效,包括了:評估、規劃、設計、採購、施工、安裝、監造及試車運轉等階段。以期望能夠節省工程管理人力,簡化施工流程,縮短工期,嚴控預算成本,提昇工程品質和顧客滿意度,達到預期的獲利目標。 傳統工程產業界對於專案執行,習慣上根據往常作業流程及經驗在各階段去發揮,督導的重點較偏重於事後的考核,或最後的財務數據為主。由於專案執行的過程並没有詳實記錄及檢視,因而經驗的累積和吸取教訓無法有效傳遞,導致在預算超支追加、無法掌控完工時程,以及不良的設計品質等現象重複發生。因此,藉由目前製造業常用的六標準差流程改善手法,找出關鍵的缺失,有效解決問題並減少專案落差,進而獲得一種改善流程效率和降低成本之經營模式。 本研究採用個案分析法,針對A個案公司兩個案例,其導入六標準差改善程序之界定、衡量、分析、改善、控制等五大步驟,透過實際個案之演練落實理論基礎,找出專案管理的核心流程,對於工程建廠在專案管理掌控能力的提升,將有所依循。 / Nowadays, under such a competitive environment in meager profit, every entrepreneur makes their efforts to improve business process management in order to intensify their competitive advantage. In engineering industry, to build up good business process management with efficiency, it depends on the performance of each stage of the project execution which includes evaluation, estimate, plan, design, procurement, construction, installation, supervision and operating test. Consequently, it can not only save manpower and simplify construction process also shorten schedule to under control of the cost, so as to enhance engineering quality and customer satisfaction to reap a planned profit after all. Traditional engineering industry is accustomed to execute the project according to the stark processing and the previous experiences in each stage that only focus on post-evaluation audit, or the last financial data. Without making particular record and survey during the project execution, people cannot gain sufficient experiences efficiently which result in an excess budget, out of control schedule and poor design that happen continually. Therefore, by using Six Sigma improvement process technique is commonly used in current manufacturing business, we can find out the critical defect and solve each problem efficiently to lessen project gap. Thus, it can achieve a way of improving more efficiency and less cost as business model. This research applies to Case Study which focused on A company that will use the procedure of Six Sigma as Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve and Control. Through a fundamental basis by real case study, it is easier to find out the vital process of project management. It will help industries enhance the capability of good manipulation of project management in setting up a plant.
2

運用精實六標準差改善生產績效之研究 -以S公司為例 / The Study of Using Lean Six Sigma to Improve the Production Performance -A Case Study of S Company

鍾依芸 Unknown Date (has links)
隨著全球醫療器材產業以及藥物傳輸系統技術的蓬勃發展,產品需求預測提升。為了滿足客戶訂單與配合客戶設計製造之需求,企業規模不斷地成長,卻也帶來一連串的挑戰,客戶的要求越來越嚴苛,產品趨向少量多樣,產品上市時程縮短,時間與效率逐漸成為企業保持競爭力的關鍵。 精實六標準差結合精實生產與六標準差的優點,具有減少浪費、加速流程、降低流程變異的功能,廣泛應用於製造業,是一套熱門的管理方法。本研究便以導入精實六標準差於個案S公司,運用DMAIC的手法配合精實生產的精神,探討現有流程可能存在的缺失。改善的焦點在首件前置作業流程,目的是要提升首件成功率進而改善生產績效。研究中發現工程師為首件前置作業的關鍵影響因素,是改善的主要標的;經過改善團隊重新規劃流程,利用標準化的作業程序,並提出一套在職訓練與資格認證的方案執行之後,一次首件成功率從75.10%提昇至86.15%,改善11.5%,平均首件花費時間減少2.32小時,改善率59.79%,結果顯示運用精實六標準差提升生產績效具有顯著之成效。 / The rapid growth of global medical device industry and technology of drug delivery system accompany with the increment of demand forecast. In order to fulfill the customer orders and requirements, the scale of the enterprise keeps growing and brings a serious of challenges: the higher level of customer requirements, the growing trend of small- volume- large- variety production, shortened time-to–market schedule. Time and efficiency have gradually become essential for the enterprise to retain competitive. Lean Six Sigma combines the advantages of lean production and six sigma, it can reduce the waste and speed up the process as well as decrease the process variation through statistical approach, which is a popular management methodology and widely applied in manufacturing industry. The purpose of this study is to introduce Lean Six Sigma (LSS) to S company, trying to find the potential failure in current process via DMAIC steps and lean thinking. The improvement is focus on operation before first article pass, project goal is to increase first article pass rate. We find the engineer is key input variable during the process. After reorganized the process flow and implemented new On-Job Training (OJT) and qualification programs, the study result shown that first article pass rate has increased from 75.10% to 86.15%, the improve rate is 11.5%; the average waste time of first article has reduced 2.32 hours, the improvement rate is 59.79%. We can conclude that there is a significant improvement on production performance by applying Lean Six Sigma
3

以六標準差改善流程提升手機組裝線生產力之研究 / A Study of six sigma improvement process to increase productivity of phone assembly line

林育仕 Unknown Date (has links)
摩托羅拉於1987年開始推動六標準差改善計畫,但當時並未受到企業特別的重視,直到奇異公司於1995年重新啟動六標準差品質計畫,才使得這套成效卓著的改善工具受到企業的肯定。早在1991年,國內便有學者著書將六標準差知識體系介紹給國人(林秀雄,1993),到直到1999年以後,才開始有長榮航太、金寶電子、英業達、漢翔航空等國內企業陸續推行六標準差,並從中受益。如今,六標準差已是最高品質的代名詞,它不只是一系列的改善活動,更是企業追求卓越的經營模式。 本研究有鑒於六標準差品質改善手法對於國內企業競爭力助益匪淺,故採取個案研究的方式,將國內某通訊產品業者首次應用六標準差改善流程(DMAIC)執行手機生產線改善的推動歷程,進行深入的報導,研究重點在於個案公司如何運用六標準差改善流程之界定、衡量、分析、改善、控制五個階段,提升生產線之生產力,減少浪費,最終滿足顧客的需求。 個案公司乃運用六標準差改善流程,找出影響生產力之關鍵影響因素,包括瓶頸工站工時、工時變異性程度、生產線平衡率,並結合生產線改善與平衡的手法,發展出具體可行之解決方案,達成專案初期所設定的目標,最終並發展有效的控制方式,使專案效益能夠持續。 另外,本研究試圖以系統化的歸納方式,整理出個案公司的成功經驗與遭遇問題,並說明個案公司所提之解決方案,希冀本論文之付梓對於有志推動六標準供之企業,能夠有借鏡學習之參考作用。
4

人力資源管理在變革中所承擔的角色與功能--以某跨國公司推動六標準差為例

朱承平, Chu, Cheng Ping Unknown Date (has links)
企業為求成長與永續經營變革乃必須的歷程,而徵諸許多變革歷程的資料,人力資源管理所扮演的角色與功能已經日益突顯,從以往執行者角色,逐漸蛻化成推動變革者,策略夥伴的角色。   而全球化、新科技、人力市場結構的急速變遷以及市場回應速度,更使得人力資源管理在變革中所承擔的功能越趨複雜,實有必要深入探討。 1) 將變革人資與六標準差一並做研究,恐會備多力分,宜更加緊約,俾 能更邏輯。 2) 部分資料引用係次級資料宜加以改進。 3) 資料求證上因受到限制,致未能完全達到測試期求結果。 4) 應在財務成效外繼續研討組織變革與策略在變革上做更進一步研究。 5) 較偏重訓練對變革的影響,宜擴及至其他人資功能在變革過程角色 的研究。 / For the rapid growth and sustainable management purposes, Change has become an inevitable process in many businesses, however, the role of Human Resource to participate in managing change now is more prominent than ever from time to time, from the implementer in the earlier stage, gradually becomes the change facilitator and even now the partner during the strategic decision stage. Globalization, new technology, the fast changing of human market infrastructure, and the need of quick response for market situation, enable the function and role of Human Resource to be more complicated, and this is main purpose for this study, to study the role and function of Human Resource on managing change. 1) It was rather difficult to integrate change ,sigma and Human Resource together to complete this thesis, and more logic process should be address. 2) Some data and literature are from sub level, should be improved. 3) It was a little regret due to the condition and limitation during the survey process, the accuracy of some result are below the expectation, should be improved then as we make the similar study. 4) Most result are based on financial performance, should be expanded to the organizational development and strategy. 5) Too much emphasized and focus on the impact of training,and some other HR functions like performance management,moral and motivation should be further studied.
5

6σ管理系統中工作環境、專案領導人能力、團隊運作與專案績效影響之研究

鄭少禎 Unknown Date (has links)
1980年代末期,美國摩托羅拉公司率先引進六標準差管理系統以改善其產品品質,使得成本大幅下降、獲利上升後,聯訊、德州儀器公司等公司也相繼在1990年代初期導入六標準差管理系統,也從中獲得了相當大的利益,而真正讓此一管理手法受到重視的則是於1995年時,奇異公司將六標準差全面性的導入奇異公司內部的所有流程中,總裁傑克•威爾許更視六標準差為奇異公司最重要的管理突破,也由於如此之重視,奇異公司所獲得的效益也最大,從此,六標準差管理手法盛名遠播,而從1999年起,國內廠商也陸續跟進採用六標準差管理系統。 由於六標準差管理系統擁有採取專案型式以改善流程的特性,本研究即針對此專案特性,配合過往學者所研究出之六標準差關鍵成功因素,發展出工作環境、專案領導人能力、團隊運作情形以及專案績效等四個構面,採用實證問卷調查方式,並利用線性結構關係模式(LISREL)來探討在六標準差架構下,四個構面之整合關聯性,所得到的結論如下: 1.工作環境對專案領導人能力有顯著之正向關係。 2.專案領導人能力對團隊運作有顯著之正向關係。 3.工作環境對專案績效有顯著之正向關係。 4.團隊運作對專案績效有顯著之正向關係。 5.工作環境對團隊運作以及專案領導人能力對專案績效不具顯著之正向關係。
6

中外企業推動管理變革差異之研究:以飛利浦與光寶引進六標準差制度為例 / The Empirical Studies in Domestic and Foreign Enterprises in Triggering Organization Change

曾裕源, Tseng, Yu Yuan Unknown Date (has links)
成功的企業要有能力隨時依經營環境的變遷,來調整公司的經營方針和策略,才不會因時代進步而面臨被淘汰的危機。企業面臨的競爭壓力也是與日俱增,現在企業面臨的,是全世界的挑戰,仍一味採用過去的思考模式經營,可能會因為進步緩慢而難以因應快速變遷的市場。企業領導人應環境變遷導引組織內變革應用到企業內各個單位,每次的改變必須有一定的學理或實務作參考依據,才不會失去了前進的方向,因為錯誤的改變可能會引導企業走向結束營業的危機。 本研究針對6 Sigma理論基礎先行探討,了解其活動之特性;而對推動的領導者風格及相關管理工具運用,除深入研究運作的理論基礎外,也檢討以策略為基礎組織規劃推論,以為完整企業成功變革之理論基礎與最佳實務之參考。 針對在學術文獻回顧中發現的可議論點,本研究也由中外企業個案公司全球策略執行時提出延伸或不同的看法,從個案研究歸納出以六標準差成功變革企業成功經驗,以增進學術論文論點的完整性及實證性。 最後,以六標準差策略活動的推動對組織帶來最大化的效益,做為後續學術研究者,或任何企業追求最佳標竿實務的參考。 / Great emphasis is placed upon the complexity and turbulence of the business contexts within today’s managers need to manage changes and align their corporate strategy and policy deployment in a bid for sustainable future. The challenge of global competition, increasingly in its very velocity, paves the way in which any of the businesses must transcend the preconceived legacy system where the change occurs. Visionary leaders usually trigger each change management initiative throughout their hierarchical organization reforms by which applicable management foundations or practices are adapted to new situations. It prevents any business, only through systematically structured change management, from bogging down into the unrecoverable crisis situation, but rather realize their systematically determined patterns of business growth or faster adaptation. This research explores the framework wherein Six Sigma theories and practices are set on the foundation around which the relevant management philosophy and tools are discussed. It is deemed as the most critical factor in which top management leaderships are heavily related to the business performance result and the extent of business excellence achievement. Built upon the debatable issues of management theorems in the literature review, a number of business propositions are made from which we conclude both the foreign and domestic case companies in this research, in anticipation for constructing a best-fit organization change by virtue of Six Sigma way in a more comprehensive and empirical approach. Last but not the least, the benefits result from Six Sigma management execution are presented in the concluding chapter, by which it will set the examples of the best practices for followers and practitioners in pursuit for Six Sigma philosophy.
7

以六標準差方法提升組裝線生產力之研究 / Research of increasing productivity of the assemble line with six sigma way

林志宏 Unknown Date (has links)
Motorola在1980年代中期透過實施了六標準差方法,因而拉近了與日本企業的品質差距,同時也透過實施了六標準差方法,使得Motorola變得更有競爭優勢,之後奇異的其總裁傑克.威爾許更大幅地推動此套方法的普及,將六標準差全面的導入奇異的日常作業流程中,因此現在的六標準差,除了具備統計上的意義外,也代表著一套非常有系統的流程改善方法,甚至有些企業更以其作為企業策略與營運經營的方法,讓六標準差的應用範圍越來越廣。 本研究以六標準差改善手法的DMAIC步驟,來進行個案公司衛星廣播產品線UPA-ST組裝線的生產力提升。而在使用此方法之前,本研究則運用限制理論的思維來思考如何找出影響組裝線生產力的主要因素,因此本研究在界定的階段就發現了影響UPA-ST組裝線的生產力的關鍵因素主要有三項,第一項為瓶頸工站,第二項為工時變異大的工站,第三項則為組裝線未平衡的作業。針對各項關鍵因素,本研究透過數據的蒐集與分析來瞭解這三項關鍵因素如何影響組裝線的生產力,最後則透過了作業拆解與同步作業來提升了瓶頸工作站的生產力、透過了工站順序調動與合併來使組裝線能夠平衡、瞭解變異的來源與建立自主品檢流程來降低變異性大的工作站之變異,藉由減少這三項關鍵因素對組裝線生產力的影響,因此也使此條組裝線最後能增加產出與減少人力資源的投入,因而提升了生產力。 / Motorola used six-sigma way to shorten the quality difference in the middle of 1980s. Also, it became more competitive via six-sigma way. Then, the president of GE, Jack Welch, made much effort to popularize this way and implemented into this way to the daily process of GE. As a result, besides the meaning of statistics, current six-sigma also represents the set of systematic way to improve process. Further, some companies use it as strategies and operation ways. These cause the application of six-sigma way become more and more broad. This research use DMAIC steps of six-sigma way to increase the productivity of UPA-ST ‘s satellite broadcast product line. Before using this way, this research use limitation theory to think how to find the major factors which would influence the productivity of the assemble line. Consequently, this research finds there are three major factors to influence the productivity of UPA-ST’s assemble line: the first is the bottleneck station, the second is the station which exists big variance of working time, the third is the unbalance operation of the assemble line. For each major factors, this research uses data collection and analysis to understand how these three major factors affect the productivity of assemble line. Finally, it increases the productivity via taking apart the operation and synchronous way; it makes assemble line balance via adjust the order of work station and combination; it reduces the variance of the working station which exists big variance via understanding the source of variance and building the autonomous quality-control process. Through reducing the productivity influence of these three major factors, it consequently make the assemble line increase the output and reduce the input of manpower to increase the productivity.
8

臺灣電子零組件廠商品質策略的研究--以台達電為例 / The Case Study of Quality Assurance Strategy for Delta Electronics, INC. in Taiwan

鄭子建, Cheng, Tzi Chien Unknown Date (has links)
從設計、材料、製造到管理的品質是追求卓越品質的關鍵成功因素,而卓越的品質產品是能夠留住顧客的重要因素之一。 本研究借由對個案公司的深入訪談與分析,整理近5年來品質績效資料及訪談的結果,依重要性與急迫性四象限分類,確認問題的所在,再作深入的設計、材料、製造及管理品質的要因分析。在面對未來更為競爭及多變的環境下,經由波特的五力分析模式,探討零組件產業的競爭環境,同時運用優勢、劣勢、機會與威脅的相互交叉,分析個案公司所在的產業環境,找出面對的問題與挑戰,以調整品質保證策略的方向。因本研究採個案研究方式,主要結論如下: 一、電子零組件專業製造廠商的品質保證關鍵成功因素為: 穩健性產品設計的品質工程能力、專業的製程工程能力及快速的改善效能、良好的供應商、變異小(5~6 sigma range)的材料、專業的一流管理及工程人才、及健全的品質系統。 二、從個案公司的經營使命「環保、節能、愛地球」,因應國際品質保證標準及環保要求的分析來看,個案公司已經主動提昇系統品質的策略,將品質系統提昇到「對社會負責的企業」,並積極投入「綠色設計」的產品研發。 三、品質保證策略是整體性的,要達到品質產品的目的,個案公司運用同步工程同時從設計、製造、材料及管理去努力。 個案公司的品質保證策略,是以六標準差(6-Sigma)為主要改善工具,精進設計及製程的DFx並相互檢討,並導入在品質系統中,以達到零ppm 的境界。 四、良好的供應商、及品質穩定且變異性在合理的一定範圍裡的原材料,對個案公司的品質及供應商管理的成本有非常密切的影響,選擇具有良好競爭力的供應商、再有完善的供應商管理制度及真正落實執行供應商的獎懲,是確保供應商材料品質及個案公司的品質產品的最佳手法。 五、好的經營使命、好的政策理念、好的策略、及完善的管理制度及流程,一定要有一流的人才及有效能的組織去落實,因此,個案公司必須積極的規劃執行「人才培育」、外聘管理及工程的國際化「專業經理人」,同時對於品管組織應予以獨立,以便能徹底執行品質保證的要求。 卓越的設計、材料、製造及管理品質,可透過平衡計分卡的顧客滿意度來確認,而內部的績效,經由財務面的品質成本,作業流程面的直通率,以及學習面的六標準差及DFx成果來驗證品質保證策略的方向是否正確。 關鍵詞:品質保證、關鍵成功因素、綠色設計、平衡計分卡、六標準差
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建構六標準差與精實生產方式應用於服務業之整合模式 / Integration of Six Sigma and Lean Production System for Service Industry

鄭欣如, Hsin-Ju Cheng January 1992 (has links)
六標準差(Six Sigma)為目前最受矚目與重視的品質活動,而精實生產方式(Lean Production System)係以及時化(Just-In-Time, JIT)及自働化(Jidohka)兩大概念,所發展出來的合理化生產系統。此二者俱以變異為基礎的思考(Variation-based Thinking),協助企業改善流程、提昇品質、生產力與競爭地位,其整合並被視為下一波管理思潮的新趨勢。 此外,若論及產業特性,服務產業有別於製造業,其特有的服務(Service)、交易業務(Transaction)與其他非製造性(Non-Manufacturing)流程,往往存在更多浪費與更多的改善機會,卻更為強調顧客滿意經營。 本研究鑑於研究缺口與實務發展之需,提出六標準差與精實生產方式應用於服務業之整合模式(Lean Six Sigma for Service,LS3)。本模式以精實生產方式減少內部浪費,並以六標準差導向顧客滿意之追求,不但兼顧企業內部與外部顧客之觀點,亦兼顧精實速度與六標準差之高品質。 / “Six Sigma” is one of the most popular quality initiatives recently. “Lean Production System” is the world famous production system developed and practiced by Toyota mobile company for a long time. It based on two concepts: “Just-In-Time” and “Jidohka”. Both two are based on the variation thinking to improve business process, enhance quality, production and competitive position. Besides, the integration of them is viewed as a new trend in the next management wave. Moreover, regarding to the industry characteristics, service industry is quite different from manufacturing industry. Even though there are more wastes and improvement opportunities, the application of Six Sigma, Lean Production System or their integration in service industry is quite few neither in literatures nor practice. This research proposes the Lean Six Sigma integration model based on the research gap and the practical need, and then adapt it for service industry. The model is named as “Lean Six Sigma for Service (LS3)” in this research. It balances the viewpoints of internal and external customers, and gives consideration to the Lean speed as well as Six Sigma high quality. Also, this research tries to contribute to the enhancement of management technology. / 目 錄 中文摘要………………………………………………………………………………I 英文摘要………………………………………………………………………………Ⅱ 誌謝……………………………………………………………………………………Ⅲ 目錄……………………………………………………………………………………Ⅳ 表目錄…………………………………………………………………………………Ⅶ 圖目錄…………………………………………………………………………………Ⅷ 第一章 緒 論…………………………………………………………………………1 1.1 研究背景與動機………………………………………………………………1 1.2 研究目的………………………………………………………………………4 1.3 研究範圍與限制………………………………………………………………5 1.4 研究方法………………………………………………………………………6 1.5 研究架構………………………………………………………………………7 第二章 文獻探討…………………………………………………………………8 2.1 六標準差………………………………………………………………………8 2.1.1 六標準差之發展沿革………………………………………………………8 2.1.2六標準差之定義與各家說法………………………………………………12 2.1.3 六標準差之組織架構及人員角色…………………………………………17 2.1.4 六標準差之改進循環………………………………………………………21 2.1.5 六標準差主要之八大工具…………………………………………………27 2.1.6 六標準差之推行現況………………………………………………………29 2.1.7 六標準差之運作特點………………………………………………………30 2.2 精實生產方式…………………………………………………………………31 2.2.1 精實生產方式之發展沿革………………………………………………31 2.2.2精實生產方式之定義…………………………………………………….34 2.2.3 精實生產方式之構成要素………………………………………………34 2.2.4 精實生產方式之推展步驟………………………………………………40 2.2.5 精實生產方式之運作特點………………………………………………42 2.3服務業…………………………………………………………………………46 2.3.1 服務業之定義……………………………………………………………46 2.3.2 服務業之特性……………………………………………………………48 第三章 模式建構…………………………………………………………………52 3.1 精實六標準差應用於服務業之綜觀(LS3 Overview)……………………52 3.2 導引階段(Lead Phase)……………………………………………………………56 3.3 研究階段(Study Phase)……………………………………………………………65 3.4 流暢階段(Smooth Phase)…………………………………………………………70 3.5 維持階段(Sustain Phase)…………………………………………………………73 第四章 模式驗證.…………………………………………………………………81 4.1 問卷對象…….………………………………………………………………81 4.2 專家意見…….………………………………………………………………83 第五章 結論與建議…………………………………………………………………84 5.1 研究結論……………………………………………………………………84 5.2 研究貢獻……………………………………………………………………85 5.3 後續研究建議………………………………………………………………86 參考文獻……………………………………………………………………………87 附錄A 專家訪談調查函……………………………………………………………93 附錄B 專家訪談問卷內容…………………………………………………………94 表 目 錄 表 2.1 六標準差的發展階段………………………………………………………12 表 2.2 標準差換算表………………………………………………………………14 表 2.3 六標準差方法論DMAIC………………………………………………………22 表 2.4 六標準差設計方法論DMADV……….………………………………………23 表 2.5 六標準差「工具的21個整合步驟:研發流程」…………………………25 表 2.6 豐田生產系統之「實驗」……………………………………………………44 表 3.1 LS3之內容要項與工具……………………………………………………54 圖 目 錄 圖 1.1 研究流程圖………………………………………………………………6 圖 2.1 製程中心飄移1.5標準差的情形………………………………………13 圖 2.2 典型的六標準差組織圖.…………………………………………………17 圖 2.3 執行六標準差之八大步驟…….…………………………………………27 圖 2.4 六標準差之八大工具…..…………………………………………………28 圖 2.5 精實生產方式五大主要要素…….………………………………………36 圖 2.6 消除浪費要素……………………………………………………………37 圖 2.7 全面品質要素………………………………………………………………38 圖 2.8 人員準備要素………………………………………………………………39 圖 3.1 LS3運作架構圖………………………………………………………………53 圖 3.2 LS3運作模式之工具總覽……………………………………………………55 圖 3.3 導引階段之使用工具………………………………………………………57 圖 3.4 研究階段之使用工具………………………………………………………66 圖 3.5 流暢階段之使用工具………………………………………………………70 圖 3.6 維持階段之使用工具………………………………………………………74
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應用6 Sigma 導入EuP 綠色專案之個案研究 / Six Sigma Management for EuP Green Program - A Case Study

許瑞鵬, Hsu, Juey Peng Unknown Date (has links)
今 (2008) 年,全球規模排名前三大的電腦展,從1月開始美國拉斯維加斯的CES展、3月的德國漢諾威的CeBiT展,到6月在台北的Computex展,數千家之參展廠商,數十萬之買主與參觀人士,不約而同,大家的主訴求都是「綠色」與「節能」。向來,三大電腦展都是未來產品的風向球,加上從美國前副總統高爾的紀錄片「不願面對的真相」看到地球暖化現象日益嚴重,石油價格也不斷再創歷史新高,的確讓人感到這個世界將變得更為綠色,當人們愈來愈重視自己居住的這個環境與資源,也宣告「綠色產品、綠色消費」的時代正式來臨。 近年來一波波的綠色浪潮,如同過去十餘年間的網路興起,所產生巨大的改變一般。全球環保意識覺醒,尤以歐盟一向以高環保標準為最,陸續在2005年8月起推行的三大環保指令:WEEE(回收化)、RoHS(無毒化)、EuP(節能化),超過80%的環境衝擊都跟產品設計有緊密關聯;是故,整合環境考量因素而成綠色產品的生態化設計作法,將會是企業最有效的方法。 上述WEEE 及RoHS兩項已於2006 年7月1日後,正式對輸出到歐盟各國的產品中全面實施管制,而日本、韓國、中國等國及美國(部分州)等,亦在2007年初立法通過並已實施,此股全球化之綠潮,已是勢不可擋;第三項的EuP (Energe using Product)「耗能使用產品之生態化設計指令」,歐盟各國已大多立法制定完成,部分國家還一併通過違規罰則,預計在2009年第一季起開始啟用,屆時勢必又將再度啟動第三回合的環保大挑戰。 我國對歐盟之貿易額佔了總體的比重極大,於2007年,我國出口到歐盟各國之電機、電子產品等金額超過逾NT$3,000億,企業也決不容忽視這廣大的市場商機。本研究的個案公司向來對環保意識相當重視,亦積極地關注在永續發展與環保議題上,所設計製造的綠色產品也行銷全球;現今的設計趨勢都以綠色、節能為導向,身處電子、電機產業的一員,面臨這項嚴峻之挑戰,更需即早因應,通過這些環保規範檢測,才能確保產品順利銷往歐盟。 本研究乃透過個案公司於過去三、四年中,利用 6 Sigma 的DMAIC循環改善手法,搭配ISO 9000/14000品質/環境管理系統以有效整合,組成專案團隊運作,成功導入6 Sigma WEEE / RoHS等專案,且比2006年7月1日的法定實施期限日,提早一季的時間完成歐盟WEEE及RoHS所有綠色產品之設計,並在符合法定時程/品質要求/客戶滿意等情況下順利出貨。 爰此,以綠色設計為整體考量因素,建置成一套標準化的流程機制,應用到EuP新環保規範中,進行產品節能、生命週期等多項評估,提升生態化設計能力。EuP雖與RoHS/WEEE的指令訴求內容互異,但本著6 Sigma RoHS過去分析及改善等手法,藉由嫻熟運作之科學管理模式,來縮短研發時程;目標為:提早一季時間完成產品設計,且品質符合環保規範驗證之出貨準備;期間雖會遭遇諸多問題與困難,但以6 Sigma經驗豐富之優秀成員組成的團隊,將採絕佳默契、合作無間的精神,順利於今年底達成任務,也為個案公司大幅提升環保戰力之全球競爭優勢。 關鍵字:限用有害物質指令、耗能使用產品指令、生態設計、國際標準組織、六標準差專案管理。 / In the world’s top three exhibitions of the electronic industry this year - namely CES of Las Vegas in January, CeBIT of Hanover in March, and Computex of Taipei in June, the main theme is the same: Green Technology and Energy Saving Products. Mr. Al Gore’s ‘Inconvenient Truth’ has unfolded future disasters caused by global warming, together with recent oil price hikes over US$140 a barrel, all these environmental and energy crisis have hastily ushered in the ‘Green Product Epoch.’ The European Union led the wave of Green Products by issuing the WEEE (Waste Electrical Electronic Equipment) directives in August 2005 which aimed at reducing E/E waste disposal through reuse, recycle and recovery, followed by the RoHS (Restriction of Hazardous Substance) directives enforced on July 1, 2007. EuP (Energy using Product) is the latest set of directives which will be implemented in 2009. Since more environmental impacts relate to product design, the green product ecological design incorporating environmental factors is most effective method. These regulations will greatly affect members of global E.E product supply. Taiwan had a big trade count with EU in the past time, so it will be caused more impacted as well. Therefore, many countries have regulated new national standards, many Taiwanese firms are making great efforts on the issues of Eco Design for energy saving to meet the trend on environment protection as earlier as possible and to provide operational producers for the business toward green global supply chain. For enterprises to implement environmental management system and to establish green product design and production by ISO9000 / ISO 14000 systems, and there are many procedures, validation and testing need to by 6 Sigma DMAIC improvement methodology. This case study proposes a model to include the RoHS green product into quality system successfully in 2 years ago, next case is provided to verify the model and justify how a firm can efficiently use the proposed model and empirical experience to meet product certification requirement into the system. The findings of this research can support other enterprises to implement appropriate model to integrate green product with framework of ISO9000/14000 quality/environment management system by 6 Sigma process. This is also suitable for a firm to upgrade its management system to meet various green requirements as WEEE, RoHS and EuP. The study is still enphasised many Taiwan manufacturers are tempted by the success of 6 Sigma in the western world and are now in the process of introducing 6 Sigma into their organizations. The push to further reduce costs has urged the firms to use 6 Sigma to regain their competitive positions in the global economy. Keywords: RoHS, EuP, Eco Design, ISO, 6 Sigma Managment

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