No description available.

The submitted diploma thesis deals with presentations of figure skating at Winter Olympic Games from the 1990s to the 2014 Winter Olympic Games in Sochi in two selected daily newspapers, and with ways in which the presentation of figure skating has changed within the analysed period. The first chapter presents sports journalism, its history and famous personalities, its text types and typical language, and characteristic features of a sport journalist. The second chapter presents the connection of sports and media, the concepts of agenda-setting, agenda-building and intermedia agenda, tabloidization and commercialization and ways in which news services work. The third chapter presents figure skating and figure skating events at the analysed Winter Olympic Games. The analysed media and changing paradigms of the media landscape are presented in the fourth chapter. The methodological basis used for the analyses is described in the fifth chapter. The sixth chapter presents the results of the quantitative and qualitative analysis of the newspaper articles. Furthermore, the interviews with two personalities of the Czech figure skating are analysed qualitatively. The results of the quantitative analysis of the articles and the qualitative analysis of the interviews are compared. Keywords figure skating,...

Auch im Spitzensport kann Wissensvorsprung ein maßgeblicher Wettbewerbsvorteil sein, vorausgesetzt, der hierzu erforderliche wechselseitige Wissenstransfer zwischen Wissenschaft und Praxis wird umfassend beherrscht. Unter Beachten der in den letzten 3 Olympiazyklen im Spitzenbereich der Sportarten Biathlon und Nordische Kombination zu beobachtenden Tendenz hinsichtlich einerseits der Erhöhung streckenbezogener mittlerer Laufgeschwindigkeiten und andererseits der Zunahme internationaler Sportverbände, deren Sportler zu Wettkämpfen Spitzenplatzierungen erreichen, steigt das Interesse an einer innovativen sportwissenschaftlichen Vorlaufforschung zum Skaten im Skilanglauf. Aus der Sicht der Doktorandin stellt das Eruieren neuen Wissens sowohl zu den definierten Skatingtechniken als auch zur Methodik des einheitlichen Sporttechnik- und Konditionstrainings eine aktuell vordringlich zu lösende Aufgabe dar. Die vorliegende sportbiomechanische Studie widmet sich in ihrer Gesamtheit diesem Anliegen. Fokussiert wurden das wissenschaftliche Durchdringen des Problemfeldes Skatingtechniken und das Suchen von Sporttechnikleitbildern für das Messplatztraining. Im Verlauf ihres Entstehens über mehrere Jahre hinweg war das wissenschaftliche Arbeiten jedoch stets auch auf das Erzielen von Erkenntnissen zum komplexen Sporttechnik- und Konditions-Messplatztraining gerichtet. Von daher fanden hierzu ausgewählte Aspekte Berücksichtigung. Der beschrittene biomechanische Forschungsprozess orientierte sich insbesondere an den Erkenntnisständen zu den Besonderheiten sportlicher Technik zyklischer Bewegungen sowie zu den Themenfelder Messplatztraining und biomechanische Leistungsleitbilder zyklischer Bewegungen. Im Ergebnis sowohl deduktiv-nomologischen Vorgehens als auch biomechanischen Modellierens wurden Bewegungsparametermodelle erstellt. Diese bildeten die Referenz für statistische Ähnlichkeitsprüfungen mit analytisch identifizierten Bewegungsparametermodellen. Das messtechnische Datenobjektivieren biokinematischer und biodynamischer Bewegungsparameter erfolgte hier vorrangig unter sportartspezifischen Trainings- und Wettkampfbedingungen. Nationale und internationale Spitzensportler bzw. Spitzensportlerinnen der zurückliegenden zwei Olympiazyklen bildeten die definierte Grundgesamtheit. Darüber hinausgehende Arbeitsschwerpunkte waren auf informationstechnische Entwicklungen gerichtet.

The goal of this thesis is to analyse current situation of ecological safe forms of tourism in Tachov region. In first part there is created roster of this forms of tourism in Tachov region. Based off the questionnaire is made an inquiry about satisfaction of tourist or local inhabitants with current offer of ecotourism in this destination, specifically it is about hiking, cyklotourism, in-line skating, cross country skiing, water tourism a rural tourism. In the end of the work is evaluated this inquiry and afterwards there are suggested alternatives to make Tachov region as destination of ecotourism more attractive.

The 20 Metre Multistage Shuttle Run Test (20 MST) was modified for application to ice-sports, more specifically for ice-hockey and figure-skating. Seventy two participants in ice-sports served as the total subject group. Subjects included in the study were National and Provincial standard male ice-hockey subjects (n=67) and female figure skaters (n=5) participating in the Gauteng area of South Africa (altitude of 1497 metres above sea level and barometric pressure of 655 mmHg). The mean age for the total group was 17.44±1.33 years. The research methodology entailed a repeated measures design to determine: a) velocity of motion on-ice vs. over-ground; b) energy expenditure on-ice vs. over-ground; and c) mechanical efficiency on-ice vs. over-ground. The mean velocity of motion measured over three distances (0 to 20, 0 to 30 and 0 to 40 m) indicated a significantly (p≤0.05) faster velocity on-ice (5.99±0.72 m/s) versus over-ground (5.75±0.63 m/s). The corresponding mean time-lapsed on-ice/over-ground ratio was 0.97±0.11. Differences in mean energy expenditure whilst performing the original 20 MST over-ground as opposed to on-ice were measured at low (at 4 minutes of exercise and 10 km/h), intermediate (after 8 minutes of exercise and 12 km/h), and high intensity (after 12 min of exercise and 14 km/h). The mean of the three indicated a significantly (p≤0.05) higher energy expenditure over-ground (14.04±4.86 kcal/min) as apposed to on-ice (10.51±2.95 kcal/min). The mean energy expenditure ratio for the three different intensities on-ice vs. over-ground was 0.74±0.21. Similarly, the mechanical efficiency index over-ground (4.92±0.59) was found to be significantly (p≤0.001) poorer than on-ice (6.83±1.49). The mean mechanical efficiency ratio over-ground/over-ice was 0.74±0.13. Subsequently, based on the above results, the 20 MST was modified by: a) adapting (increasing) the velocity of motion required for each level of the test (distance of 20 m per shuttle); and b) establishing the reliability and validity of the modified 20 MST for use on-ice. The adapted 20 Metre Multistage Shuttle Skating Test (the modified (skating) 20 MST) started at a velocity of 2.8 m/s (10.1 km/h) and permitted 7.1 seconds to complete each shuttle for the first level of the test, which then decreased progressively at each level. This was based on an over-all variable-derived on-ice to over ground ratio of 0.84. Test-retest, on-ice reliability measures (n=15) for predicted VO2max (49.5±8.37 vs. 49.29±7.95 ml/kg/min) showed a highly significant (p£0.001) consistency (r=0.87). Similarly test-retest concurrent validity measures (n=10) for predicted VO2max over-ground with the original 20 MST (48.09±6.25 ml/kg/min) as designed by Léger and Lambert (1982) versus on-ice values with the adapted on-ice 20 MST (49.98±7.23 ml/kg/min), showed a very significant (p£0.01) correlation of 0.73 between the two tests. In conclusion the original 20 MST, as designed by Léger and Lambert (1982) for over-ground, proved inappropriate for use on-ice. Modification of the starting velocity as well as a progressive increase in velocity for all subsequent stages renders the modified 20 MST for ice-sports a reliable and valid test for cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max), with surface-specific utility. The 20 Metre Multistage Shuttle Run Test (20 MST) was modified for application to ice-sports, more specifically for ice-hockey and figure-skating. Seventy two participants in ice-sports served as the total subject group. Subjects included in the study were National and Provincial standard male ice-hockey subjects (n=67) and female figure skaters (n=5) participating in the Gauteng area of South Africa (altitude of 1497 metres above sea level and barometric pressure of 655 mmHg). The mean age for the total group was 17.44±1.33 years. The research methodology entailed a repeated measures design to determine: a) velocity of motion on-ice vs. over-ground; b) energy expenditure on-ice vs. over-ground; and c) mechanical efficiency on-ice vs. over-ground. The mean velocity of motion measured over three distances (0 to 20, 0 to 30 and 0 to 40 m) indicated a significantly (p≤0.05) faster velocity on-ice (5.99±0.72 m/s) versus over-ground (5.75±0.63 m/s). The corresponding mean time-lapsed on-ice/over-ground ratio was 0.97±0.11. Differences in mean energy expenditure whilst performing the original 20 MST over-ground as opposed to on-ice were measured at low (at 4 minutes of exercise and 10 km/h), intermediate (after 8 minutes of exercise and 12 km/h), and high intensity (after 12 min of exercise and 14 km/h). The mean of the three indicated a significantly (p≤0.05) higher energy expenditure over-ground (14.04±4.86 kcal/min) as apposed to on-ice (10.51±2.95 kcal/min). The mean energy expenditure ratio for the three different intensities on-ice vs. over-ground was 0.74±0.21. Similarly, the mechanical efficiency index over-ground (4.92±0.59) was found to be significantly (p≤0.001) poorer than on-ice (6.83±1.49). The mean mechanical efficiency ratio over-ground/over-ice was 0.74±0.13. Subsequently, based on the above results, the 20 MST was modified by: a) adapting (increasing) the velocity of motion required for each level of the test (distance of 20 m per shuttle); and b) establishing the reliability and validity of the modified 20 MST for use on-ice. The adapted 20 Metre Multistage Shuttle Skating Test (the modified (skating) 20 MST) started at a velocity of 2.8 m/s (10.1 km/h) and permitted 7.1 seconds to complete each shuttle for the first level of the test, which then decreased progressively at each level. This was based on an over-all variable-derived on-ice to over ground ratio of 0.84. Test-retest, on-ice reliability measures (n=15) for predicted VO2max (49.5±8.37 vs. 49.29±7.95 ml/kg/min) showed a highly significant (p£0.001) consistency (r=0.87). Similarly test-retest concurrent validity measures (n=10) for predicted VO2max over-ground with the original 20 MST (48.09±6.25 ml/kg/min) as designed by Léger and Lambert (1982) versus on-ice values with the adapted on-ice 20 MST (49.98±7.23 ml/kg/min), showed a very significant (p£0.01) correlation of 0.73 between the two tests. In conclusion the original 20 MST, as designed by Léger and Lambert (1982) for over-ground, proved inappropriate for use on-ice. Modification of the starting velocity as well as a progressive increase in velocity for all subsequent stages renders the modified 20 MST for ice-sports a reliable and valid test for cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max), with surface-specific utility. / Dissertation (MA (Human Movement Science))--University of Pretoria, 2005. / Biokinetics, Sport and Leisure Sciences / unrestricted

Dance figure skating – A comparison between a score executed on ice and on floor This work derives from a curiosity of how figure skating and contemporary dance as two different art formscould work together. In what ways can different techniques within the fields of contemporary dance and figureskating inspire and develop each other? Video analysis together with introspection are used as methods. A scorewith different techniques from each field is recorded on the ice and on the floor. This material together with awritten introspection contains the base for the analysis and discussion together with relevant literature from thetwo fields. There are both similarities and clashes when analysing the results of the scores. Gliding and being onedges are fundamentals in figure skating and they are not transferable to floor. Falling and catching the fall issomething that turns out to be restricted to the floor since the skates makes edges while leaning and glidinginstead of falling. There are more explorations to be done when it comes to merging the two art forms together,hopefully this essay will give some inspiration to further work within contemporary skating.

Au hockey sur glace, les évaluations physiques utilisées jusqu’à présent sont peu spécifiques à la tâche des joueurs et elles comprennent plusieurs limitations pour la prédiction de performance. La capacité d’accélération et de vitesse maximale en patinage sont grandement liées à la performance des joueurs et seulement certaines évaluations physiques hors glace ont montré des associations avec ces variables. Peu d’études ont considéré l’implication musculaire spécifique de la hanche qui est particulièrement sollicitée pendant le cycle de patinage. La science des données et l’utilisation d’outils d’apprentissage automatique ont connu un essor ces dernières années dans le milieu sportif. Elles ont montré de bonnes capacités prédictives et permettent de reconnaître des relations complexes et non linéaires entre les variables, pouvant surpasser les modèles statistiques standards et l’intuition humaine. Notre objectif principal est de prédire la performance en patinage chez les joueurs de hockey sur glace avec des évaluations physiques hors glace au moyen de modèles d’apprentissage automatique. Nous avons utilisé les données d’évaluations physiques de 72 athlètes effectuées lors des évaluations combinées de la Ligue de Hockey Junior Majeur du Québec. Nous avons utilisé l’accélération et la vitesse de patinage avant et arrière comme variables cibles. Les évaluations physiques standards effectuées lors de cette journée ainsi que la force isométrique maximale développée à l’articulation de la hanche pour ses six degrés-de-liberté ont été les variables d’entrées pour un modèle linéaire (LassoCV) et un modèle non linéaire (xgboost). Nos modèles d’apprentissage automatique montrent de bonnes prédictions pour les variables de vitesse avant en montrant une erreur absolue moyenne en pourcentage (MAPE) inférieur à 2,96±2,15%, tandis que les erreurs de prédiction pour les variables d’accélération et de vitesse arrière demeurent élevées (MAPE : > 4,46±4,15%). Le saut en longueur et la force isométrique en flexion de la hanche ont montré le plus d’importance pour l’accélération sur 5 mètres (5F et 5B) et la vitesse sur 30 mètres en patinage dans les deux directions (30F et 30B). Suite à une validation des modèles, les entraîneurs pourraient donc utiliser les résultats obtenus aux évaluations physiques pour développer la performance en vitesse maximale avant des joueurs de hockey sur glace. / In ice hockey, the physical assessments used to date are not very specific to the task of ice hockey players and may have several limitations for predicting performance. Acceleration ability and maximum speed are highly related to player performance and only some off-ice physical assessments showed associations with these variables. Few studies have considered involvement of specific hip muscles, which are particularly solicited during the skating cycle. The data science and the use of machine learning tools have grown in recent years in the sports community. It has shown to improve prediction and has the ability to recognize complex and non-linear relationships between variables, and thus, can outperform standard statistical models and human intuition. Our main objective is the prediction of skating performance of ice hockey players with physical assessments and the use of machine learning models. We used data from physical assessment of 72 athletes who attended at the combine of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League. We used acceleration and speed in forward and backward direction as target variables. The standard physical assessment performed on that day and isometric hip joint strength developed on its six degrees of freedom were input variables for a linear (LassoCV) and a non-linear (xgboost) model. Our machine learning models show good prediction errors by showing a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of less than 2.96±2.15% for the forward speed variables, while the prediction errors for acceleration and backward speed variables remain high (MAPE: > 4.46±4.15%). The broad jump and the isometric strength developed in hip flexion showed the most importance for acceleration over 5 meters (5F and 5B) and sprint over 30 meters (30F and 30B) in both skating directions. After validation of the models, coaches could use the results of these physical assessments to develop maximum forward speed performance of ice hockey players.

Title: The reflection kinesiology analyse of cross country skiing Purposes: To compare coordination of chosen muscles on leg during reflection of cross country skiing classic technique, skating and herringbone. Methods: Comparative analysis: the dates were measured by surface electromyography and 2-D video-analysis. Results: We founded statistical significance by comparisons muscle activation on right leg during kick during cross country skiing: classic technique, diagonal stride and herringbone and V-1 skating and herringbone. In case the left leg the statistical significance was disprove by: m. peroneus longus sin during comparison of diagonal stride and herringbone and m. gastrocnemius medialis sin V-1 skating and herringbone. We founded high level of laterality of diagonal stride and herringbone. In case V-1 skating, the significant similarity was not founded for m. vastus lateralis and m. gluteus medialis. Key words: Cross country skiing, classical technique, skating, herring bone, kinesiology, surface electromyography (EMG), muscles activation

Title: Upper body muscles activity in V2 skating technique, double poling and on a skiing machine Concept 2 Objectives: Comparison of involvement upper body muscles during V2 skating technique, double poling and on a skiing machine Concept 2. Methods: Comparative analysis: the dates were measured by surface electromyography and 2-D video-analysis. Results: We found statistically significant coordination similarity by comparisons muscle preactivation and activation during V2 skating technique and double poling. Trunk flexors musculus obliquus abdominis externus and musculus rectus abdominis showed unlike the main propulsion muscles, musculus pectoralis major, musculus triceps brachii and musculus latissimus dorsi, significantly higher preactivation during V2 skating technique and double poling in comparison to skiing machine Concept 2. Activation of the main propulsion muscles on a skiing machine Concept 2 is significantly higher than during V2 skating technique and double poling. Skiing machine Concept 2 cannot be considered as a specific training method for cross-country skiing. Long-term application may cause disruption of double poling technique. Key words: Cross country skiing, V2 skating technique, double poling, skiing machine Concept 2 (SkiErg), kinesiology, surface electromyography

The master thesis called Winter in genre painting of the Northern European region in the 16th and 17th-century focuses with the theme of winter period performed on the works of selected artists from Northern Europe. It deals not only with her impressive atmosphere but mainly observes the habits and traditions of the ordinary inhabitants of the villages or towns what is represented on the pictures. The attention of interest is also biblical scenes connected with the Nativity of Christ or folk celebrations of Christian feats during the winter. On selected themes can further explore the forms of winter pleasures of ordinary people or hunting. The purpose of this work is to reflect the importance of winter landscape with reference to the life of a common inhabitants taking into account the socio-historical context of the Netherlands 16th - 17th century. Keywords: genre painting, Renaissance, baroque, Northern Europe, winter, habits, tradition, meeting, sport, carnival, celebrations, ice skating, landscape, hunting, holidays